Let D be a smoothly bounded domain in Cn , n> 1. For each point p _ D, we have the Green function G(z, p) associated to the standard sum-of-squares Laplacian Δ with pole at p and the Robin constant __ Λ(p) = lim G(z, p) −|z − p−2n+2 z→p | at p. The function p _→ Λ(p) is called the Robin function for D. Levenberg and Yamaguchi had proved that if D is a C∞-smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain, then the function log(−Λ) is a real analytic, strictly plurisubharmonic exhaustion function for D and thus induces a metric ds2 = n∂2 log(−Λ)(z) dzα ⊗ dzβ z ∂zα∂zβ α,β=1 on D, called the Λ-metric. For an arbitrary C∞-smoothly bounded domain, they computed the boundary asymptotics of Λ and its derivatives up to order 3, in terms of a defining function for the domain. As a consequence it was shown that the Λ-metric is complete on a C∞-smoothly bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain or a C∞-smoothly bounded convex domain. In this thesis, we study the boundary behaviour of the function Λ and its derivatives of all orders near a C2-smooth boundary point of an arbitrary domain. We compute the boundary asymptotics of the Λ-metric on a C∞-smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain and as a consequence obtain that on a C∞-smoothly bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain, the Λ-metric is comparable to the Kobayashi metric (and hence to the Carath´eodory and the Bergman metrics). Using the boundary asymptotics of Λ and its derivatives, we calculate the holomorphic sectional curvature of the Λ-metric on a C∞-smoothly bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain at points on the inner normals and along the normal directions. The unit ball in Cn is also characterised among all C∞-smoothly bounded strongly convex domains on which the Λ-metric has constant negative holomorphic sectional curvature. Finally we study the stability of the Λ-metric under a C2 perturbation of a C∞-smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain. (For equation pl refer the abstract pdf file)

Die Pierre-Robin-Sequenz ist eine angeborene kraniofaziale Fehlbildung, bei der häufig eine Triade von Symptomen, bestehend aus mandibulärer Mikrognathie/Retrognathie, Glossoptose und einer Gaumenspalte, beobachtet werden kann. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der PRS und der häufigen Vergesellschaftung mit Syndromen, konnten Ätiologie und Pathogenese der PRS bisher nur unzureichend geklärt werden. Für einen Teil der Patienten mit isolierter PRS konnte eine familiäre Häufung von PRS-Fällen nachgewiesen werden, was auf eine erbliche Komponente als krankheitsauslösenden Faktor hinweist. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten bei Patienten mit isolierter PRS gehäuft genetische Veränderungen mit einer Entfernung von über 1Mb zentromerisch (5´) von SOX9 auf dem Chromosom 17 detektiert werden. Es wird vermutet, dass diese genetischen Aberrationen am SOX9 Lokus eine gewebsspezifische Fehlregulation von SOX9 während der Embryonalentwicklung auslösen und somit ursächlich für die Entstehung von PRS sein können. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Würzburger Patientenkohorte mit isolierter PRS zu gewinnen und Informationen über die phänotypischen Merkmale der Studienteilnehmer auszuwerten. Im Anschluss sollte die Patienten-DNS mittels molekulargenetischen Analysemethoden auf potenziell krankheitsauslösende genetische Aberrationen am SOX9 Lokus untersucht werden. Zunächst konnte eine Kohorte mit sieben PRS-Patienten erstellt und Informationen über die phänotypischen Krankheitsmerkmale erfasst und ausgewertet werden. Anschließend wurden bei den Studienteilnehmern eine Array-CGH, eine quantitative Echtzeit-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion und im Bereich von drei konservierten, potenziell regulatorischen Elementen des SOX9 Lokus eine Sanger Sequenzierung durchgeführt. Die Array-CGH ergab zunächst bei einem Patienten zwei große Deletionen im regulativen Umfeld des SOX9 Lokus, welche im Weiteren nicht durch qPCR bestätigt werden konnten. Letztendlich konnten durch die Sanger Sequenzierung 22 Varianten detektiert werden, wovon für drei Einzelnukleotid-Polymorphismen eine prädisponierende Wirkung diskutierbar und für zwei Einzelnukleotid-Varianten eine ursächlich pathogene Wirkung nicht auszuschließen ist. / The Pierre-Robin-Sequence is a congenital craniofacial disorder mostly described as a triade of symptoms, consisting of mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate. Due to its heterogenity, the aetiology and pathogenesis of PRS is not recognized in every case of the disease. Nevertheless familial accumulation in isolated PRS cases pointed to a possible genetic source of pathology. In this context, genetic analysis in patients with isolated PRS pointed to genetic variations far upstream (more than 1Mb) of the SOX9 gene on chromosome 17 as possibly disease-inducing. These genetic variations at the SOX9 lokus are supected to cause tissue specific misregulation of SOX9 during embryogenesis and thus can be seen as causal for the development of isolated PRS. The objective of this study was to form a group of patients with isolated PRS and to gain information about their phenotype. Subsequently, genetic analysis should be used to find potentially disease inducing genetic variations at the SOX9 lokus. A cohort of 7 patients with isolated PRS was formed and the phenotypes of these patients were registered and evaluated. In addition, array-CGH, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and sanger sequencing was performed for all the participants of this study. Array-CGH resulted in two big deletions within the regulary domain of the SOX9 lokus, which could not be confirmed with qPCR. Eventually, sanger sequencing of three conserved, non coding elements at the SOX9 lokus showed 22 variants, of which three single-nucleotid polymorphisms could potentially prove to have a predisposing effect and two singlenucleotid-variants, for which a pathogenic effect cannot be ruled out.

The use of Robin boundary conditions as interfacial transmission conditions in nonoverlapping domain decomposition iterative procedures was introduced by P.~L.~Lions and later discussed by a number of authors. In all of these discussions, the weighting of the flux and the trace of the solution were independent of the iterative step number. Recently, Douglas and Huang have considered an extension in which the weighting has depended on the iterative index and proved that an acceleration in the convergence rate similar to that occurring for alternating-direction iteration using a cycle of pseudo-time steps results. Combined methods have received a lot of attention on the study of the boundary value problems of elliptic equation with singularities domain. The objects of this paper are to extend this accelerated procedure to a singularity problem on a sectorial domain. We show that the convergence rate similar to that occurring for alternating-direction iteration results. Also, a combined method and the methodology of weighting parameter can be used to solve a singularity problem.

We compute the Casimir energy of a massless scalar field obeying the Robin boundary condition on one plate and the Dirichlet boundary condition on another plate for two parallel plates with a separation of alpha. The Casimir energy densities for general dimensions (D = d + 1) are obtained as functions of alpha and beta by studying the cylinder kernel. We construct an infinite-series solution as a sum over classical paths. The multiple-reflection analysis continues to apply. We show that finite Casimir energy can be obtained by subtracting from the total vacuum energy of a single plate the vacuum energy in the region (0,∞)x R^d-1. In comparison with the work of Romeo and Saharian(2002), the relation between Casimir energy and the coeffcient beta agrees well.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2006. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Richard Helzer.

No description available.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar nasalidade de fala em crianças com sequência de Robin isolada, operadas pela técnica de palatoplastia de Furlow, com a fala de crianças operadas pela técnica de von Langenbeck. Modelo: Estudo prospectivo. Local de execução: Setor de Fonoaudiologia e Laboratório de Fonética do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRACUSP). Método: Análise da nasalidade da fala realizada em 69 crianças com sequência de Robin isolada, comparando-se os resultados das 33 que receberam palatoplastia primária pela técnica de Furlow (F) com as 36 que receberam von Langenbeck (VL). A avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da nasalidade da fala envolveu: 1) o uso de escala de 4 pontos (hipernasalidade ausente, leve, moderada e grave), 2) o uso de teste cul-de-sac em vocábulos, e 3) a análise de gravações da frase o bebê babou por 3 ouvintes experientes, com estabelecimento da concordância intra e inter-juízes. A avaliação instrumental da nasalidade foi feita com a Nasometria durante repetição da frase o bebê babou, utilizando-se o valor de corte de 27% para interpretação da presença/ausência da hipernasalidade. Estudou-se a significância das diferenças entre as medidas obtidas nos grupos F e VL, analisando-se também a associação da nasalidade com gênero, idade na palatoplastia, idade na avaliação, extensão da fissura, realização da fonoterapia e ronco nasal. Concordância entre as 4 modalidades de avaliação foi obtida e as análises foram repetidas para o grupo de 47 participantes sem ronco nasal. Resultados: Crianças que receberam F apresentaram melhores resultados de nasalidade de fala para todas as modalidades de avaliação estudadas. Ausência de hipernasalidade, observada em escala de 4 pontos aplicada ao vivo pela autora, foi encontrada para 26 (78,8%) das crianças operadas pela técnica de F e 17 (47,2%) das que receberam VL. A diferença entre os dois grupos foi considerada significante (p=0,012). Quando apenas os participantes sem ronco nasal foram estudados (N=47), ausência de hipernasalidade foi encontrada para 22 (91,7%) das crianças operadas pela técnica de F e 13 (56,5%) das que receberam VL, sendo esta diferença também significante (p=0,008). Concordância entre as modalidades de avaliação, analisada pela estatística Kappa, variou entre razoável (0,32) a quase perfeita (0,87) para o grupo de 69 participantes e entre razoável (0,32) a perfeita (1,00) para o grupo sem ronco nasal. Foi encontrada associação significante somente entre nasalidade e ronco nasal. Conclusão: Os pacientes com sequência de Robin, submetidos à palatoplastia primária pela técnica de Furlow, apresentaram melhores resultados de nasalidade de fala tanto durante avaliação perceptivo-auditiva quanto durante avaliação instrumental, quando comparados aos pacientes operados pela técnica de von Langenbeck. / Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare speech nasality in children with isolated Robin sequence, operated with the Furlow palatoplasty technique, to the speech of children operated with the von Langenbeck technique. Research design: Prospective study. Research site: Department of Speech-Pathology and Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the University of São Paulo Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC-USP). Methods: Speech nasality was analyzed for 69 children with isolated Robin sequence, comparing the results for the 33 children who received primary palatoplasty with the Furlow procedure to the results of children who received the von Langenbeck (VL). Auditory-perceptual assessment of speech nasality involved: 1) the use of a 4-point scale (absence, mild, moderate and severe hypernasality), 2) the use of a cul-de-sac test in words, and 3) experienced listeners ratings of recordings of the phrase o bebê babou, establishing intra and inter-judge reliability. The instrumental assessment of nasality was done with Nasometry during repetition of the phrase o bebê babou, using the CUT-off score of 27% to interpret presence/absence of hypernasality. The significance of the differences between F and VL groups was studied, also analyzing the association of nasality with gender, age at palatoplasty, age at speech assessment, cleft severity, speech therapy and nasal snort. Agreement between the 4 modalities of assessment was studied and the analysis were repeated for the group of 47 participants without nasal snort . Results: Children Who received F presented with better speech nasality for all modalities of assessment studied. Absence of hypernasality, evaluated with 4-point scale live by the author, was found 26 (78,8%) children who received F e 17 (47,2%) who received VL. The difference between both groups was significant (p=0,012). When only the participants without nasal snort were studied (N=47), absence of hypernasality, was found 22 (91,7%) children who received F e 13 (56,5%) who received VL, with a difference also significant (p=0,008). Agreement between all 4 modalities of assessment as measured by Kappa statistics, was found between acceptable (0,32) to almost perfect (0,87) for the group of 69 participants, and between acceptable (0,32) and perfect (1,00) for the group without nasal snort. Significant association was found between nasality and nasal snort. Conclusion: Patients with Robin sequence who received primary palatoplasty with the F procedure presented with better speech nasality during auditory-perceptual and instrumental evaluations when compared with patients who received the VL procedure.

Objetivos: Utilizando-se o referencial Teórico do autocuidado de Dorothea Orem o estudo tem como objetivo: avaliar a capacidade de autocuidado do agente de autocuidado (AAC) de lactentes com Seqüência de Robin isolada (SRI), quanto à manipulação e o tempo que o AAC levou para adquirir a capacidade de cuidados com a intubação nasofaríngea (INF); sonda nasogastrica (SNG) e técnicas facilitadoras da alimentação (TFA). Modelo: Estudo prospectivo. Método: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Seção de Terapia Semi-Intensiva denominada Unidade de Cuidados Especiais (UCE) do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo USP/Bauru. A amostra constituiu-se de 31 agentes de autocuidado (mães) com seus lactentes com SRI internados na UCE. Após elaboração e validação de um instrumento de coleta de dados, baseado na Teoria de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, o instrumento foi aplicado ao agente de autocuidado (AAC), em dois momentos distintos. O primeiro durante o período de internação após treinamento oferecido pelo enfermeiro quanto às ações de cuidados com o lactente e, o segundo, antes do lactente receber alta hospitalar a fim de verificar a capacidade do AAC para realizar os cuidados em seu domicilio. Resultados: Com relação às variáveis básicas do agente de autocuidado tais como: idade do agente de autocuidado obtivemos um total de (70,95%) de adultos jovens entre 15 a 30 anos; predominou que (77,41%) dos AAC mantinham um estado civil sem união consensual; baixo nível de escolaridade (58%); (56,11%) dos AAC possuíam mais de 1 filho; apresentavam classe social baixa (87,09%) e a maioria dos lactentes tinham menos de 30 dias (67,72%). Os AAC sem união consensual apresentaram escores mais elevados para o autocuidado. Pudemos evidenciar que os AAC com menos de 21 anos apresentavam um melhor desempenho para as habilidades de autocuidado para manipulação da INF e SNG. Assim como os AAC com classificação sócio-econômica mais elevada (classe baixa superior e média inferior) apresentaram uma pontuação maior para as habilidades do cuidar quando comparadas ao AAC de classe baixa inferior (p = 0,006). A maioria dos AAC (53%) adquiriu a capacidade para o autocuidado com INF e SNG em menos de 3 dias, enquanto que o tempo para adquirir o autocuidado com as TFA foi mais demorado. Os agentes de autocuidado que apresentaram os maiores escores na avaliação geral para o autocuidado apresentaram menos tempo para adquisição do autocuidado com a manipulação da INF. O nível sócio-econômico, escolaridade, no. de filhos, estado civil e o tempo de internação não interferiram na aquisição da capacidade de autocuidado pelo AAC, para os 3 procedimentos ensinados pelo enfermeiro: INF, SNG e TFA. Conclusão: O referencial Teórico do Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem permitiu a avaliação das capacidades de autocuidado dos agentes de autocuidado por meio do ensinoaprendizagem, preparando-os para a alta hospitalar contribuindo para uma melhor assistência do cuidar, favorecendo a melhora da vida desses lactentes com SRI. / Objectives: Using Dorothea Orem\'s theoretical reference for self-care, the objective of this study is to: assess self-care agents self-care capacity (AAC) for infants with isolated Robin Sequence (SRI), with regard to manipulation and the time the AAC needed to acquire the capacity to handle nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI); nasogastric probes (NG) and feedingfacilitating techniques (FFT). Model: Prospective study. Method: The study was carried out at the Semi-intensive Care Unit called the Special Care Unit (UCE) at the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais of the University of São Paulo USP/Bauru. The sample was comprised of 31 self-care agents (mothers) with their infants with SRI admitted in the UCE. A data collection instrument was elaborated and validated based on Dorothea Odems Self-Care Theory. The instrument was applied to the self-care agent (AAC) at two different moments. The first during the hospital stay period after training offered by the nurse with regard to infant care and the second after the infant had been released from the hospital in order to verify AAC capacity to perform the care at home. Results: With regard to the self-care agents basic variables, such as: the self-care agents age, we had a total of (70.95%) young adults between 15 and 30 years of age; a predominant percentage (77.41%) of the AACs marital status was without consensual union; low levels of education (58%); (56.11%) of the AAC had more than 1 child; low-income social class (87,09%) and the majority of the infants was under 30 days of age (67.72%). The AAC without consensual unions revealed higher scores for self-care. We can see that the AAC under 21 years of age had a better performance in terms of self-care skills for handling NPI and NG. The AAC with higher social-economic classifications (upper low class and low middle class) received a higher score for care skills when compared to AAC from lower low classes (p = 0.006). Most of the AAC (53%) acquired self-care capacity with NPI and NG in less than 3 days, whereas the time to acquire self-care with FFT was longer. The self-care agents that presented the highest scores in the general assessment for self-care needed less time to acquire self-care skills with INF manipulation. The social-economic level, education, number of children, marital status and hospital stay time did not interfere in selfcare capacity acquisition by the AAC for the 3 procedures taught by the nurse: NPI, NG and FFT. Conclusion: The Dorothea Orem Self-Care Theoretical Reference allows the assessment of self-care capacities for self-care agents by means of teaching-learning, preparing them for release from the hospital and contributing towards better care assistance, favoring improvement in life for these infants with SRI.

A sequência de Pierre Robin (SPR) é definida como um defeito congênito, caracterizado por três anomalias principais: micrognatia, glossoptose e fissura de palato, apresentando uma prevalência aproximada de 1/8500 nascimentos e de etiologia considerada altamente variável e amplamente discutida na literatura. Pode se apresentar associada a alguma síndrome ou malformação (SPR sindrômica) ou na forma isolada (SPR não sindrômica ou isolada). Por ser uma alteração que compromete diretamente o terço médio da face, a cavidade bucal pode estar comprometida. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os fenótipos odontológicos, determinando especificamente a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em um grupo de indivíduos brasileiros com SPRI do HRAC/USP. Material e método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com radiografias panorâmicas de 110 indivíduos cadastrados no HRAC-USP, com idade superior a 11 anos. Essas radiografias foram digitalizadas e avaliadas para o diagnóstico de taurodontismo, agenesias dentárias, dilaceração radicular, transposição dentária, dentes supranumerários macrodontia e microdontia. Para o diagnóstico preciso do taurodontismo foram realizadas medições lineares dos molares por meio do Software Image J. Para comparação entre os gêneros e os tipos de fissuras foi utilizado o teste exato de fisher. Resultados: Dos 110 indivíduos com SPRI incluídos neste estudo, 94,54% apresentou pelo menos um tipo de anomalia dentária. A mais prevalente foi o taurodontismo, observado em 92,72% da população estudada, seguido pela agenesia dentária e a dilaceração radicular, com 22,72% e 15,45% respectivamente. Em menor proporção foi observada prevalência de 0,91% para a transposição dentária, constatado nenhum caso de dente supranumerário, microdontia e nem macrodontia. Conclusão: Dos fenótipos odontológicos investigados, o taurodontismo e a agenesia dentária foram as anomalias dentárias mais prevalentes, sendo o arco superior e molares superiores os mais acometidos pelo taurodontismo, e no arco inferior e os pré-molares inferiores os mais atingidos pela agenesia dentária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tipos de fissura e entre os gêneros, com exceção da dilaceração radicular, a qual apresentou predileção pelo gênero feminino. Demostrando assim que em indivíduos brasileiros com SPRI existe uma alta frequência de anomalias dentárias, o que pode determinar implicações clinicas consideráveis na abordagem e execução do tratamento odontológico reabilitador destes indivíduos. / The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is considered a congenital disease, characterized by three main anomalies: micrognathia, glossoptosis and palate cleft, showing a prevalence of over 1/8500 birth with a variable etiology, widely discussed on literature. It can be associated to some other syndrome or malformation (syndromic PRS) or to the isolated type (no syndromic or isolated PRS). Because it is an alteration that affects the medium third section of the face, the oral cavity may be involved. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the dental phenotypes, determining specifically the prevalence of the dental abnormalities on a brazilian group with IPRS from HRAC/USP. Material and methods: A retrospective study was done with panoramic radiographs from 110 individuals of HRAC/USP, with superior age to 11 years old. These radiographs were digitalized and evaluated to the diagnostic of taurodontism, dental agenesis, root dilacerations, dental transposition, supernumerary teeth, macrodontia and microdontia. In order to get a precise diagnostic of taurodontism, linear measurements from molars were performed using Software Image J. The Fishers exact test was employed for the comparison between the genders and the types of clefts. Results: From the 110 individuals with IPRS on this study, 94.54% showed at least one type of dental abnormality, being taurodontism, the most prevalent, observed in 92.72% from the studied population, followed by dental agenesis and the root dilacerations, with 22.72% and 15.45%, respectively. In a lower proportion a prevalence of 0,91% for dental transportation was observed and no case found of supranumerary teeth, microdontia or macrodontia. Conclusion: From the dental phenotypes investigated, taurodontism and dental agenesis were the most prevalent dental abnormalities, being the superior arcade and molars the most injured by dental agenesis. It was not observed significant differences among the cleft types and the gender, except the root dilacerations, with a higher prevalence to the female gender. Therefore, IPRS brazilian individuals have a high frequence of dental abnormalities, with considerable clinical implications on the dealing and managing the rehabilitation treatment of these individuals.

Introdução:A sequência de Robin (SR) é uma anomalia congênita definida pela ocorrência de retromicrognatia e glossoptose, com ou sem fissura de palato. Caracteriza-se clinicamente por obstrução das vias aéreas superiores e dificuldades alimentares. As modalidades de tratamento para alívio da obstrução respiratóriana SR incluem: posição prona, intubação nasofaríngea (INF), glossopexia, traqueostomia e distração osteogênica mandibular. O Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP) desenvolveu larga experiência com utilização da INF para o tratamento de crianças com SR, conseguindo importante redução dos procedimentos cirúrgicos na infância precoce. Indivíduos com SR têm risco aumentado para apresentar apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) e o exame padrão ouro para confirmar este diagnóstico é a polissonografia.O diagnóstico preciso da AOS é fundamental, para orientar o tratamento adequado e prevenir possíveis complicações. Objetivos: Estudar a dificuldade respiratória de recém-nascidos e lactentes com sequência de Robin isolada e a prevalência e gravidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono antes e após intervenção terapêutica com INF. Métodos: foram avaliados lactentes com SRI, menores de três meses, com obstrução respiratória tipo 1 ou 2 e sintomas respiratórios moderados ou graves, tratados com INF. Os indivíduos foram avaliados clinicamente e através de estudo polissonográfico. A polissonografia foi realizada 48 horas após a INF, sendo partedo exame realizado com INF e partesem INF e repetida no momento da decanulação, sem a INF. A gravidade da obstrução respiratória foi definida pelo índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH): apneia leve se IAH maior ou igual a 1 e menor ou igual a 5 eventos/hora; moderada se IAH maior que 5 e menor ouigual a 10 eventos/hora e grave quando IAH foi maior que 10 eventos/hora.Resultados: foram avaliados 17 indivíduos com SRI, 9 (53%) do gênero feminino e 8 (47%) do gênero masculino, com idade média de 36 dias na primeira avaliação. Todos apresentavam sintomas respiratórios moderados e graves e foram tratados com INF. O tempo médio de uso da INF foi de 51 dias (variando de 23 a 172 dias). Todos apresentaram melhora clínica dos sintomas respiratórios com a INF, que passaram de graves e moderados para leves ou ausentes. Embora todos os indivíduos apresentassem dificuldades alimentares, 16 (94%) puderam se alimentar oralmente e apenas 1 (6%) foi submetido a gastrostomia. Os exames polissonográficos diagnosticaram apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) grave (IAH médio >10) em todas asavaliações. O IAH médio foi de 41,5 (variando de 0 a 104) no primeiro exame sem INF, 29,5 (variando de 5 a 80) no primeiro exame com a INF e de 29 (variando de 5 a 78) no segundo exame. Conclusão: A melhora clínica dos sintomas respiratórios dos indivíduos com SR, tratados com INF, não correspondeu à melhora da apneia obstrutiva do sono, diagnosticada por polissonografia, que identificou alta prevalência de AOS grave, antes e após intervenção terapêutica com INF / Introduction:Robin sequence (RS) is a congenital anomaly characterized by retromicrognatia and glossoptosis, with or without cleft palate. The main clinical problems in RS infants are upper airway obstruction and feeding difficulties. The airway interventions for patients with RS include: prone position, nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI), glossopexy, tracheostomy and mandibular distraction osteogenesis. The Hospital de Reabilitação de AnomaliasCraniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP) has gained a large experience with NPI for management of airway obstruction in RS,which has proven to be an effective method for improving breathing and preventing surgical procedures in early infancy. Individuals with RS have an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).The criterion standard for diagnosis is the polysomnography (PSG) which is an accurate diagnostic procedure, required not only to ensure proper treatment but also to prevent possible complications. Objectives: to study respiratory difficulty in neonates and infants with isolated Robin sequence; to evaluate the prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea before and after therapeutic intervention with NPI, to assess the efficacy of NPI. Methods: Infants younger than 3 months of age with isolated Robin sequence, with type 1 ortype 2 respiratory obstruction,moderate or severe respiratory symptomsandmanaged with NPI were evaluated. The individuals were evaluated clinically and by a polysomnographic study. Polysomnography was performed 48 hours after NPI, part of it withNPI and part without NPI and performed again after definite removal of NPI. Standardresearch definitions for OSA severity were used based on the apnea-hipopnea index (AHI): mild OSA defined as 1 to <5 events per hour; moderate as 5 to<10 events per hour and severe apnea when AHI10 events per hour. Results:A total of 17 individuals with IRS were evaluated, 9 (53%) girls and 8 (47%) boys. The mean age at the first evaluation was 36 days. All of them presented moderate and severe respiratory symptoms and were treated with NPI. The mean duration of NPI use was 51 days (ranging from 23 to 172 days). Allinfants presented clinical improvement forrespiratory symptoms with NPI, going from severe and moderate to mild or to no symptoms. Although all individuals presented feeding difficulties, only one (6%) underwent gastrostomy and 16(94%) could be fed orally. Polysomnography diagnosed severe obstructive sleep apnea in all evaluations. The mean obstructive apnea-hipopnea index (AHI) was 41.5 (ranging from 0 to 104) in the first test without NPI, 29.5 (ranging from 5 to 80) in the first test with NPI and 29 (ranging from 5to 78) in the second test. Conclusion: the clinical improvement of respiratory symptoms of individuals with RS, treated with NPI, did not correspond to the improvement of obstructive apnea sleep diagnosed by polysomnography, which identified a high prevalence of severe AOS, before and after therapeutic intervention of NPI