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Social acceptance and peer and romantic relationship self-efficacy were examined as salient factors related to social development among emerging adult (ages 18 to 25) survivors of pediatric cancers. Using a cross-sectional, within-groups methodology, relationships between cancer treatment intensity and peer and romantic relationship self-efficacy and social acceptance were assessed. Perceived health vulnerability, situational coping style, parent and peer attachment, and perceived physical attractiveness were explored as moderators of peer and romantic relationship self-efficacy and social acceptance. Additionally, social acceptance was examined within a cancer stereotyping framework. Fifty-two emerging adult survivors of pediatric cancers (54% male; mean (M) age = 21.38 years, standard deviation (SD) age = 3.11 years) completed self-report questionnaires. Participants were diagnosed between ages 5 and 19 (Mage = 12.59 years, SDage = 4.57 years) and were at least six months post-active treatment (Mtime = 7.32 years, SDtime = 4.46 years). Simultaneous regression analyses indicated that health vulnerability, coping style, parent and peer attachment, and physical attractiveness together accounted for a significant amount of variance in peer and romantic relationship self-efficacy and self-perceived social acceptance. There were significant main effects of perceptions of physical attractiveness and peer attachment on peer relationship self-efficacy and self-perceived social acceptance. There was also a main effect of perceived physical attractiveness on romantic relationship self-efficacy. However, treatment intensity was not significantly related to peer or romantic relationship self-efficacy or social acceptance. Furthermore, there were no significant moderating effects of health vulnerability, coping, parent or peer attachment, or physical attractiveness on the relationship between treatment intensity and peer or romantic relationship self-efficacy or social acceptance. In terms of social acceptance, participants believed that others’ viewed them as more socially accepted than they viewed themselves. Participants also rated a hypothetical peer with cancer as less socially accepted than healthy peers. Results suggest greater perceived physical attractiveness and stronger attachment to peers may be strongly related to greater relationship confidence and feelings of being socially accepted. Survivors may also hold stereotyped views of their own level of social acceptance and the social acceptability of peers diagnosed with cancer. Future research and interventions implications are considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Risso.pdf: 968419 bytes, checksum: af7d94543d775bad617dde2275a90519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-04 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The following research had the purpose of studying the psychometrical properties of the Central Relationship Questionnaire CRQ 6.0 with hepatitis type C chronic patient bearers. The CRQ 6.0 is an instrument of self-report that identifies the central pattern of a romantic relationship. It is based in the method denominated Core Conflictual Relationship Theme CCRT. Alternative measure to the CCRT ; the CRQ possess three components in its structure: Desire (D) ; Response from the Other (RO) and Response of Self (RS). The choice of the CRQ-6.0 for the study is supported by the absence of researches with pattern measuring instruments of relationship in Brazil. Being about a chronic disease ; the Hepatitis type C is becoming in the last few years one of the most serious problems in public health. Many studies related to the understanding of this pathology have been done with the objective of filling out gaps of this illness. The hepatitis type C is a disease attacked by the virus C ; causing an inflammation in the liver. Although it still remains with no cure ; medical treatments have helped the attempt of minimizing its damages. In another hand ; the medication pours a great amount of collateral effects that causes significant damages into the patient life ; such as ; psychopathological symptoms ; fatigue ; hopelessness ; and problems in the affective relations ; among others. Before that ; this study becomes relevant to this population ; searching for a broaden knowledge about the consequences occasioned by the diagnostic and proposing new ways of acting. To the studies of the psychometric properties of the CRQ 6.0 it was utilized the EAS-40 ; that has as objective evaluate symptoms ; as an extern criteria. The sample was composed by 101 individuals ; being 61 patients in ambulatory treatment ; diagnosed with hepatitis type C Chronic (G1) ; and 40 companions of the attended patients in other wards (G2). According to the results ; the CRQ-6.0 has presented good intern consistence ; being that the Alfa coefficients of Cronbach vary from 0.80 to 0.87 in its three components. There was negative correlation among some factors of EAS-40 and some components of CRQ 6.0. It was seen also significant differences in the component scores of the CRQ 6.0 and the EAS-40 between G1 and G2; among the G1 patients that take medication and the ones who don t and among the genders of G1. The results obtained show evidence of validity in the CRQ 6.0 and the instruments show being capable of distinguishing different population. Other studies become necessary to evaluate the psychometrical properties in other populations. / A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar as propriedades psicom?tricas do Central Relationship Questionnaire CRQ 6.0 com pacientes portadores de hepatite C cr?nica. O CRQ 6.0 ? um instrumento de auto-relato que identifica o padr?o central de relacionamento amoroso. ? baseado no m?todo denominado Core Conflictual Relationship Theme CCRT. Medida alternativa ao CCRT, o CRQ possui tr?s componentes em sua estrutura: Desejo (D), Resposta do Outro (RO) e Resposta do Eu (RE). A escolha do CRQ-6.0 para estudo ? apoiada devido ? aus?ncia de pesquisas com instrumentos de medida de padr?o de relacionamento no Brasil. Por se tratar de uma doen?a cr?nica, a hepatite C vem se tornando nos ?ltimos anos como um dos mais graves problemas de sa?de p?blica. Diversos estudos ligados ao entendimento desta patologia t?m sido realizados com o intuito de preencher lacunas desta enfermidade. A hepatite C ? uma doen?a acometida pelo v?rus C, causando uma inflama??o do f?gado. Embora ainda n?o se tenha a cura, tratamentos medicamentosos t?m auxiliado na tentativa de se minimizar os preju?zos desta doen?a. Por outro lado, a medica??o desencadeia diversos efeitos colaterais que trazem preju?zos importantes na vida deste paciente como, sintomas psicopatol?gicos, fadiga, desesperan?a, problemas nos relacionamentos afetivos, dentre outros. Diante disso, este estudo torna-se relevante para esta popula??o, buscando maior conhecimento das consequ?ncias ocasionadas pelo dign?stico e propor novas formas de atua??o. Para o estudo das qualidades psicom?tricas do CRQ 6.0 foi utilizada a EAS-40, que tem como objetivo avaliar sintomas, como crit?rio externo. A amostra foi composta por 101 indiv?duos, sendo 61 pacientes em tratamento ambulatorial, diagnosticados com Hepatite C Cr?nica (G1), e 40 acompanhentes de pacientes atendidos em outras enfermarias (G2).De acordo com os resultados, o CRQ-6.0 apresentou boa consist?ncia interna, sendo que os coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach variaram de 0,80 ? 0,87 em seus tr?s componentes. Houve correla??o negativa entre alguns fatores da EAS-40 e alguns componentes do CRQ 6.0. Observou-se tamb?m diferen?as significativas nos escores dos componentes do CRQ-6.0 e da EAS-40 entre G1 e G2; entre os pacientes do G1 que toma medica??o e os que n?o tomam e entre os g?neros do G1. Os resultados obtidos demonstram evid?ncias de validade no CRQ-6.0 e os instrumentos mostraram-se capazes de distinguir popula??es diferentes. Outros estudos tornam-se necess?rios para avaliar as qualidades psicom?tricas em outras popula??es.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ademir dos Santos.pdf: 1459667 bytes, checksum: b0a8fb668ad103af967d224011e854f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / The Central Relationship Questionnaire (CRQ) is a measure consisted of self-report developed to diagnose conflictual romantic relationship according to three components: Desire (D), Response from Other (RO) and Response of Self (RS). The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) is its theoretical reference that allows a clinical evaluation of interpersonal conflict recurrent pat-terns.This study aimed to obtain CRQ validity evaluation among undergra-duates.The sample was composed of 509 students of several courses from three Brazilian states and the participants ages range from 17 to 59 years (M = 24,75%, F = 73,28%).CRQ consists of 101 items; 20 Wishes items, 40 Re-sponse of Others items and 38 Response of Self items. The responses are rated on a 7-point scale Likert ranging from 1 (never occurred) to 7 (always oc-curred). The items are preceded by six questions that can identify some rela-tionship characteristics as : proximity degree, intimacy, figure of authority and importance. CRQ tests when the romantic relationship was at its best and its worst moments. Data was collective inside the classroom. Analysis of correla-tion and comparison of means by test t and ANOVA indicated some differences between men and women. Regarding CRQ items, the analysis of consistency shows high alpha coefficients: D = 0,87, RO = 0,83, RE = 0,82. The factorial analysis pointed three factor solution, the first factor was represented by RE items, the second by D items and the third was composed by items of the three original factors. A theoretical interpretation for this factor suggests that it refers to the Control on the Relationship (CR). A Portuguese version of CRQ was composed of 20 RE items, 19 D and 15 CR items. Research with samples from other population classes and other country regions are indicated. / O Question?rio de Relacionamento Central - CRQ ? um instrumento de auto-relato desenvolvido para diagnosticar relacionamento amoroso conflituoso, segundo tr?s componentes: Desejo (D), Resposta do Outro (RO) e Resposta do Eu (RE). Tem como referencial te?rico o Tema Central de Relacionamento Conflituoso (CCRT), que permite uma avalia??o cl?nica dos padr?es recorren-tes de conflito interpessoal. O estudo teve como objetivo obter evid?ncias de validade do CRQ, junto a universit?rios. A amostra ficou composta por 509 es-tudantes (M = 24,75%, F= 73,28%), de tr?s estados brasileiro, de diversos cursos e idades variando entre 17 e 59 anos. O CRQ ? composto por 101 i-tens, sendo 20 para o componente Desejo, 40 para Resposta do Outro e 38 para Resposta do Eu. As respostas s?o dadas em escala Likert, variando en-tre 1 (Nunca ocorreu) e 7 pontos. (Sempre Ocorre). Antecedendo os itens, seis quest?es permitem identificar algumas caracter?sticas do relacionamento, tais como: grau de proximidade, intimidade, figura de autoridade, import?ncia, quanto foi agrad?vel nos melhores momentos e dif?cil nos piores momentos do relacionamento. A coleta de dados foi coletiva em sala de aula. Em rela??o ?s seis quest?es que identificam as caracter?sticas do relacionamento a com-para??o das m?dias por meio de testes t e ANOVA, al?m de an?lises de cor-respond?ncia que permitiram identificar algumas diferen?as entre homens e mulheres. Em rela??o aos itens do CRQ, a an?lise de consist?ncia revelou coeficientes alfa altos: D=0,87,RO=0,83, RE=0,82. A an?lise fatorial apontou para solu??o de tr?s fatores, em que o primeiro fator ficou representado por itens do componente RE, o segundo por itens do componente D e o terceiro fator ficou constitu?do por itens dos tr?s fatores originais. Uma interpreta??o te?rica para este fator sugere que ele se refere ao Controle no Relacionamen-to (CR). A vers?o em portugu?s do CRQ ficou constitu?da por 20 itens de RE, 19 de D e 15 de CR. Pesquisas com amostras de outros estratos da popula-??o e de outras regi?es do pais s?o indicadas.

[pt] O investimento emocional é um traço referente à disposição em investir emocionalmente nos relacionamentos. Em geral, quanto maiores os níveis de investimento emocional, maior a tendência a estabelecer relacionamentos compromissados e satisfatórios. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre investimento emocional, sociossexualidade (tendência a ter relacionamentos casuais) e satisfação com o relacionamento. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo construir uma escala para aferir o investimento emocional, bem como buscar suas evidências de validade e precisão. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a escala de Investimento Emocional apresenta estrutura de dois fatores, denominados Romantismo e Carinho, com adequados índices de consistência interna. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo testar o papel mediador da sociossexualidade na relação entre investimento emocional e satisfação com o relacionamento. O investimento emocional exerceu um impacto positivo na satisfação com o relacionamento e um impacto negativo na sociossexualidade, que por sua vez, exerceu um impacto negativo na satisfação com o relacionamento. A sociossexualidade mediou a relação entre investimento emocional e satisfação com o relacionamento, tornando a magnitude da relação mais fraca. Os achados desta pesquisa nos ajudam a compreender melhor a dinâmica dos relacionamentos românticos, sobretudo a sua manutenção. / [en] Emotional investment is a trait referring to the tendency to invest emotionally in relationships. In general, the higher the levels of emotional investment, the greater the tendency to establish long-lasting and satisfying relationships. This research aimed to verify the relationship between emotional investment, sociosexuality (tendency to have short relationships), and satisfaction with the relationship. For this purpose, two studies were developed. The first study aimed to elaborate a scale to measure emotional investment and search for validity evidence and precision. This study indicated that the Emotional Investment scale has a two-factor structure, called Romanticism and Affection, with adequate internal consistency indices. The second study aimed to test the mediating role of sociosexuality in the relationship between emotional investment and satisfaction with the relationship. Emotional investment had a positive impact on satisfaction with the relationship and a negative impact on sociosexuality, which had a negative impact on satisfaction with the relationship. Sociosexuality mediated the relationship between emotional investment and satisfaction with the relationship, resulting in a weaker magnitude of the relationship. This research s finding helps us better understand the dynamics of a romantic relationship, especially its maintenance.

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本研究之研究目的旨在：(一) 探討友情、愛情與親情三種情感關係的共同性；(二) 探討友情、愛情與親情三種情感關係的獨特性；(三) 探討友情、愛情與親情三種情感關係之共同性與情感關係滿意度的關係；(四) 探討友情與愛情二種情感關係之共同性與情感關係穩定度的關係；(五) 探討友情關係中的性別差異。 研究者為690位大學生與研究生進行人際關係量表施測，分友情、愛情與親情三組樣本，各為230人；回收之有效問卷共617份，其中友情為203份、愛情為206份、親情為208份。調查結果透過描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析、簡單迴歸分析與多元迴歸分析進行研究分析工作 研究主要發現如下： 一、友情、愛情與親情三種情感關係有共同性存在。 二、愛情關係與親情關係有獨特性存在。 三、三種情感關係之共同性與情感關係滿意度有顯著正相關。 四、三種情感關係之共同性僅與友情關係穩定度有顯著正相關。 五、友情關係中，女性對「親密感」的重視顯著高於男性。 六、異性友誼中之「愛情成份」顯著高於同性友誼。 七、友情階段至愛情階段存在著漸變的光譜特質。 / The main purposes of this study are to explore: (a) the commonality of friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship, (b) the uniqueness of friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship, (c) the relationship between commonality and satisfaction of friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship, (d) the relationship between commonality and stability of friendship and romantic relationship, (e) the gender differences in friendship. A total of 690 undergraduate and postgraduate students participated in the study. The participants are then separated into three equal groups with 230 students in each group. The survey on the interpersonal relationship scale was then administered to each group regarding a unique relationship such as friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship. Total valid questionnaires are 617; among them are 203 regarding friendship, 206 regarding romantic relationship, and 208 regarding the parent-child relationship. Data were collected, processed, and analyzed using the following statistic methods: descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation, simple regression analysis, and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Major findings are summarized as follows: 1.There are commonalities found among friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship. 2. There is uniqueness between romantic relationship and parent-child relationship. 3. There are significant positive correlations between the commonality and satisfaction of friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship. 4. There are significant positive correlations between the stability of friendship and the commonality of friendship, romantic relationship, and parent-child relationship. 5. Female students pay much attention to closeness than male students in friendship. 6. The romantic in opposite sex friendship shows significant positive correlation than in the same sex. 7. The gradual change of spectrum last in the stage of friendship to romantic stage.

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2018) defines heartbreak as “crushing grief, anguish or distress.” Heartbreak can lead to biological, psychological and social responses and consequences. Heartbreak from the dissolution of a romantic relationship is a form of disenfranchised grief, which is defined as the griever’s belief that society does not recognize their source of grief as legitimate (Doka, 1989). The literature shows that talking about grief helps those who experience it (Fisher & Archer, 2008). Hence, the present study sought to provide a consensus of the best practices that marriage and family therapists have utilized to help broken-hearted clients. I employed a modification of the Delphi technique, a research method which seeks to reach consensus on a topic through group communication between experts in the subject area discussed (Hsu & Sandford, 2007) in order to gather data about best practices from marriage and family therapists on how they have helped their broken-hearted clients. This study consisted of a total of 20 experts, who are licensed marriage and family therapists. The findings suggest that the disenfranchisement of the grief resulting from the dissolution of a romantic relationship is closely associated with the symptom of sadness experienced by the broken-hearted. In addition, the way in which MFTs can help the disenfranchised griever is by providing an empathic presence in sessions, generating historical conversations through the use of a genogram, involving family members in the therapeutic process and having future oriented conversations. The results of this study have illustrated a plethora of techniques and best practices that have reportedly proven successful in helping the broken-hearted client.

本研究試圖整合成人依附理論與Benjamin的SASB人際行為環複模式，主要研究目的有二，研究目的一：探討伴侶間的人際行為是否會影響個人在愛情關係中依附特質的展現，研究目的二：探討伴侶間的人際行為對個人在愛情關係中依附風格、依附特質改變的影響情形。在本研究中，在伴侶間人際行為的內涵包括親和性（又分成滋潤性與破壞性）與互依性（又分成自主性與控制性）等人際行為，伴侶間互動層次共測量個體自陳對方提供行為、實際對方提供行為，個體的尋求行為、以及提供-尋求行為之間的互補性（亦分成個體自陳伴侶間的互補性、以及實際伴侶間的互補性）。依附特質的測量包括個體自陳在愛情中與伴侶間的焦慮與逃避依附特質等，並可組合出安全型、焦慮/矛盾型、逃避型、與錯亂型等四種依附風格。 本研究採取「追蹤研究法」，平均間隔約12.49週，進行兩個時間點的測量，邀請正在約會關係中的大學生伴侶雙方共234人接受單獨的成人依附特質量表(ECR)、伴侶間人際行為量表(SASB模式)的測量，並同時詢問其壓力事件調查表與測驗大學生身心健康調查表(GHQ)，以作為排除影響依附風格改變的干擾變項，兩個時間點皆完成測驗且未分手者共計199人。研究目的一的分析對象為第一個時間受測者，但必須是正在談戀愛而未分手的大學生，共計232人符合標準，其中男性佔35％，女性佔65%，，而完整的配對資料共76對，故有152人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。 研究目的二的受測者除了兩個時間點皆受測且未分手外，還必須排除在兩個時間點遭受重大壓力者與GHQ量表上表現出身心健康狀況不佳者，共計有效受試者為183人，伴侶雙方皆完成測驗的共計63對，故有126人可進行實際伴侶間互動的分析。本研究亦針對個體自陳對方提供行為、以及各人際行為的親和性與互依性指標、提供與尋求行為的互補性指標等，進行信效度的檢驗。 本研究結果可分成兩大部分。第一，在人際行為對愛情依附特質與風格改變的影響方面，可發現部分伴侶間人際行為的確可對依附特質造成影響：1. 「親和性」人際行為最能影響愛情依附特質，並與依附風格、依附特質改變最有關連；2.「滋潤性親和」不同於「破壞性親和」對依附特質的影響；3.個體在愛情關係中的依附特質，主要受到個體「主觀認知」到的伴侶間人際互動，而並不一定會受到「實際」伴侶間人際互動的影響；4. 逃避特質則較明顯受到伴侶間滋潤性親和人際行為的影響，而焦慮依附特質較受到伴侶間破壞性人際行為的影響，但焦慮依附特質的改變與伴侶人際行為關連性較低。第二，對個體在關係中單向的人際行為而言，親和性比互依性人際行為更能影響愛情依附特質，甚至與依附風格、依附特質的改變更有關連；但互依性指標（自主性）對依附特質並非沒有影響力，而是會顯現在雙向人際行為的互補性當中。 最後乃說明本研究的討論與限制，並提出未來在研究上與伴侶諮商實務上的建議。 / This study tried to integrate adult attachment theory and Benjamin’s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Models (SASB). There were two major purposes of the study: The first one was to, discussing whether the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on romantic attachment characteristics for college students. The Second was to, discussing the impact of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors on the change of attachment styles and characteristics. In this study, the content of dating couples’ interpersonal behaviors includes affiliation (best and worst) and interdependence (autonomy and control) behaviors. The interactions of dating couples were measured by self reporting partner’s providing behaviors, actual partner’s providing behaviors, subjects’ seeking behaviors, the complements of self reporting dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors, and the complements of actual dating relationship with providing-seeking behaviors. The measurement of attachment characteristics included anxiety and avoidance trait, which could be combined to four attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, disoriented / disorganized. The study took ‘panel study’, and the average interval of test-retest time points was about 12.49 weeks. Total subjects were 234, who were measured by ECR and couples’ interpersonal behaviors (SASB model). Questionnaires of stress events, and GHQ were interference variables for the use of the purpose of the second study. There were 232 subjects composed of 35% male and 65% female in the purpose of first study. These subjects who were all measured in the first timing were falling in love and not yet breaking-up. There were 76 pairs complete matching data, so 152 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship. There were 183 subjects in the purpose of the second study. Besides subjects who were measured in the two time points were falling in love and not yet breaking-up, it had to eliminate two interference variables. There were 63 pairs complete matching data, so 126 subjects could process the analysis of actual dating relationship. There were two major results in this study. First, couples’ interpersonal behaviors had the impact on attachment characteristics: 1. affiliation interpersonal behaviors could affect romantic attachment characteristics, and was related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics. 2. The impact on attachment characteristics was different between ‘best affiliation’ and ‘worst affiliation’. 3. Self reporting couples’ interpersonal behaviors had impact on attachment characteristics. On the contrary, actual couples’ interpersonal behaviors had no impact. 4. ‘Best affiliation’ had impact on avoidance attachment characteristics, and ‘worst affiliation’ had impact on anxiety attachment characteristics. The association between the change of anxiety attachment characteristics and couples’ interpersonal behaviors was low. Second, for one-way interpersonal behavior in dating relationship, affiliation behaviors affected romantic attachment characteristics more than interdependence. Even affiliation behaviors were more related to the change of attachment styles and attachment characteristics than interdependence. The complement of couples’ autonomy interpersonal behaviors also affected attachment characteristics. In addition, implication for adult attachment research and couple therapy in dating relationship was discussed. Research limitation was also explicated.