Bakgrund: En operationsavdelning är högteknologisk och arbetet i en operationssal är komplext. Nära samarbete i interprofessionella team är avgörande för att genomföra en operation. Operationssjuksköterskor har en central roll i den perioperativa omvårdnaden. I teamarbete är kommunikation avgörande för att upprätthålla patientsäkerheten och arbetsmiljön. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av kommunikation inom teamet i operationssalen. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ och induktiv ansats användes för att besvara syftet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att ledarskap och teamarbete var avgörande för kommunikationens effektivitet. Det kräver respekt och hänsyn till olika yrkesroller. Utmanande faktorer som framkom inom teamarbetet var hierarki och brist på respekt. Stöd från kollegor och kommunikationsutbildningar ansågs viktiga. Checklista för säker kirurgi ansågs vara ett värdefullt verktyg för att underlätta kommunikationen och främja patientsäkerhet. Slutsats: Kommunikation och teamarbete är nyckelfaktorer för patientsäkerheten inom operationssjukvården. Ett positivt arbetsklimat och öppen kommunikation främjar ett effektivt teamarbete och minskar risken för misstag. Respektfullt ledarskap, konstruktiv feedback och tydlig kommunikation inom teamet är avgörande för en god arbetsmiljö. Genom utbildningar kan kommunikationen och teamarbetet förbättras. En trygg atmosfär och starkt ledarskap är avgörande för att säkerställa patientsäkerheten, medan goda relationer och kontinuitet inom teamet främjar tillit och effektivt samarbete. / Background: An operating department is highly technological, and work in the operating room is complex. Close collaboration in interprofessional teams is crucial for conducting an operation. Operating room nurses play a central role in perioperative care. Communication is crucial for maintaining patient safety and a good working environment. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate operating room nurses' experiences of communication within the operating room team. Methods: A systematic literature review with a qualitative and inductive approach was used to address the purpose.Results: The results indicated that leadership and teamwork were crucial for the effectiveness of communication, requiring respect and consideration for different professional roles. Challenging factors within teamwork included hierarchy and lack of respect. Support from colleagues and communication training were seen as important. The surgical safety checklist was considered a valuable tool for facilitating communication and promoting patient safety. Conclusions: Communication and teamwork are key factors for patient safety in the operating room. A positive work environment and open communication cultivate efficient teamwork and reduce the risk of errors. Respectful leadership, constructive feedback, and clear communication within the team are crucial for a good working environment. Teamwork and communication can be enhanced through team-building exercises. A safe atmosphere and strong leadership are essential for ensuring patient safety, while good relationships and continuity within the team promote trust and effective collaboration.

Yes / Silica is one of the most efficient gas barrier materials, and hence is widely used as anencapsulating material for electronic devices. In general, the processing of silica is carried out at hightemperatures, i.e., around 1000◦C. Recently, processing of silica has been carried out from a polymercalled Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS). The PHPS reacts with environmental moisture or oxygen andyields pure silica. This material has attracted many researchers and has been widely used in manyapplications such as encapsulation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) displays, semiconductorindustries, and organic solar cells. In this paper, we have demonstrated the process optimization ofthe conversion of the PHPS into silica in terms of curing methods as well as curing the environment.Various curing methods including exposure to dry heat, damp heat, deep UV, and their combinationunder different environments were used to cure PHPS. FTIR analysis suggested that the quickestconversion method is the irradiation of PHPS with deep UV and simultaneous heating at 100◦C.Curing with this method yields a water permeation rate of 10−3g/(m2·day) and oxygen permeationrate of less than 10−1cm3/(m2·day·bar). Rapid curing at low-temperature processing along withbarrier properties makes PHPS an ideal encapsulating material for organic solar cell devices and avariety of similar applications. / King Saud University

No / With the general increase in the worldwide incidence of tuberculosis there is increasing interest in the use of upper room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems to disinfect air. A number of researchers have demonstrated experimentally the ability of such systems to inactivate airborne microorganisms. However, relatively little theoretical work has been done to explain the results observed and few models exist to describe the performance of upper room UVGI systems. This paper presents a new model, which can be used both to design such systems and to evaluate their germicidal effectiveness. A theoretical study is undertaken, which indicates that although upper room UVGI systems work well at lower ventilation rates, they are of limited benefit in highly ventilated applications. The paper also demonstrates and quantifies the relationship between inter-zonal air velocity and room ventilation rate. In particular, the paper shows that under steady-state conditions the number of passes made by bioaerosol particles through an upper room UV field is independent of the ventilation rate.

A study was conducted to determine the preferences for the design of distributed meeting rooms used for video enhanced electronic meeting systems (VEMS). Although there is a significant body of literature in the group communication domain, the research in this multidisciplinary area has paid minimal attention to users' environmental preferences in the design of a meeting space. A basic science approach through three studies was used to explore the variables that defined the design of a distributed meeting space from the user's perspective. Twenty-five inexperienced college-enrolled participants and twenty-five experienced Naval professionals used foam-core pieces to create a design of their ideal distributed meeting space. Thirty-seven variables were used to categorize qualitative attributes of the designs. Three types of designs emerged from the sample population: v-shaped, conference (u-shaped or oval), and theater (auditorium) style. A nonexperimental design was used to measure the impact of the heuristics on the users' physical design of their distributed meeting spaces. Post-meeting evaluation results were promising and indicated that the heuristics were usable and that participating in the design could have a positive impact on user's subjective rating of their meeting experience. Overall, inexperienced users did not believe that the heuristics were necessary to determine the best room design for their team's needs. In the third study, six experts conducted an expert evaluation of a distributed meeting room site. Most experts were not able to identify context-specific design issues such as camera angle and lighting with the static information that they were provided. The experts subjective ratings indicated that the heuristics were usable and were useful for room designers. The overall findings indicated that experience level had a significant impact on user's perception of important equipment in a distributed meeting room. Naïve users were more concerned with visual communication and assigned more importance to public displays (p=.035). Experienced users were more concerned with audio communication and assigned more importance to microphone control (p=.024). In addition, general findings from this research include a new methodology for generating participatory ergonomic tools. / Ph. D.

To analyze the system development, manufacturing practices and system evaluation procedures of representative PPES manufacturers, two companies (i.e., one "small", referred to here as "simple manufacturer (SM)", and one "large", referred here as "complex manufacturer (CM)" — in terms of workforce, market presence, and capital) that develop first responder PPES, which voluntarily agreed to participate in the research were chosen. The complex PPES is an Air-Pak, a self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) used by first responders for artificial breathing in life-threatening scenarios and the simple PPES is the Fire-Eye device, a thermal sensor that attaches to the visor of the firefighter in order to convey the visual warning of the ambient thermal environment. In order to differentiate the two distinct methodological approaches, the dissertation has been split into two different parts. The first methodology is a "case study" type of empirical investigation which follows a triangulation approach utilizing surveys, structured interviews, process and system observations, and examination of archival records. The second type of methodology is an experimental empirical research one, which involves laboratory-scale and full-scale real-life fire scenarios to conduct product evaluation. The research goals of the case study research were to identify the problems faced by the manufacturers of PPES and to formulate guidelines with regards to manufacturing, compliance, design and development processes, etc., for the PPES manufacturers. The investigation sought answer to the following key questions: a) How do PPES manufacturers currently approach the systems design and development process and what best practices in manufacturing and quality control have they adopted? b) What human factors and ergonomic measures are adopted by these companies while designing their products and what human testing is conducted by companies? c)What safety measures are considered by the safety designer while designing the product? The recommendations also include modifications to the product design process taking into account the market trends in the product design processes, involvement of ergonomics and safety aspects. The research goals for the experimental part of this dissertation were to identify appropriate evaluation methods and conduct the PPES evaluation in simulated fire environments. The Fire-Eye device primarily functions in hot environments and warns the firefighters of the ambient temperature. Therefore, the laboratory-scale evaluation was conducted using test methods such as the Static Oven, Fire Equipment Evaluator, and Radiant Panel, methods which represent controlled environment test conditions. The Fire-Eye device was also evaluated in realistic fire environment created in an ISO burn room by conducting several tests using different types of fuels such as Heptane, Natural Gas, and Living-room set-up (i.e., furniture as fuel). The Fire-Eye device was tested for repeatability and reproducibility of its performance in both of the experimental settings. Statistical data analysis was conducted to determine any differences in performance of the Fire-Eye device among each laboratory-scale methods as well as to compare the performance of the device between laboratory-scale and full-scale fire environments in identical heat locations. The results suggest that a dual approach (laboratory-scale and full-scale fire environment) for evaluating the performance of PPES is more effective than is testing the device in either one of the methods. / Ph. D.

Training is one of the most important and widely-used applications of immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Research has shown that Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) are beneficial for training motor activities and spatial activities, but it is unclear whether immersive VEs are beneficial for purely mental activities, such as memorizing a procedure. In this thesis, we present two experiments to identify benefits of immersion for a procedural training process. The first experiment is a between-subjects experiment comparing two levels of immersion in a procedural training task. For the higher level of immersion, we used a large L-shaped projection display. We used a typical laptop display for the lower level of immersion. We asked participants to memorize two procedures: one simple and the other complex. We found that the higher level of immersion resulted in significantly faster task performance and reduced error for the complex procedure. As result of the first experiment we performed a controlled second experiment. We compared two within-subjects variables namely environment and location under various treatments formed by combination of three between-subject variables namely Software Field Of View (SFOV), Physical FOV, Field Of Regard (FOR). We found that SFOV is the most essential component for learning a procedure efficiently using IVEs. We hypothesize that the higher level of immersion helped users to memorize the complex procedure by providing enhanced spatial cues, leading to the development of an accurate mental map that could be used as a memory aid. / Master of Science

The purposes of this study are: (1) to make an investigation of the home-room programs of the junior high schools in Wichita Falls, Texas, to discover what social guidance, if any, is offered to students; (2) to set up criteria for evaluating a social guidance program in a junior high school; and (3) to evaluate the social guidance programs of the home rooms in the junior high schools in Wichita Falls, Texas, in terms of the criteria set up for evaluation.

To inhabit a space is to be within that space. The interiority of a room places emphasis on inhabitation. By inhabiting a room, one perceives the phenomenal qualities of that room. To inhabit a drawing is to do so imaginatively rather than perceptively. Perspective drawings can shape imagination by defining form, light, and context. They capture and frame an instant in space and time. The presence of light in a drawing creates an awareness of the outside. These qualities of drawings allow the viewer to imagine a room through inhabitation. A series of nine rooms were developed in perspective with elements articulated through tracing, translation, rotation, and refection. Three of these nine rooms were chosen for further investigation through drawing. Drawings were then tested against formal models. / Master of Architecture

My thesis is an urban intervention into the small town of Blacksburg, Virginia. The ideas and explorations of this project are derived from the placement of a canopy over the Main Street of the downtown. The thesis addresses the existing energy and essence of the town, while introducing the external object of a canopy and a grid to establish a level of order and unity for the area. / Master of Architecture

Introduktion: Informationsöverföring inom sjukvården är ett kritiskt moment där viktig information kan försvinna eller missuppfattas. Ett sådant moment är sjuksköterskornas skiftöverlämning som kan genomföras på olika sätt. Att skiftöverlämningen sker på patientsal beskrivs av sjuksköterskor som både mer effektiv, korrekt och inbjudande för patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av sjuksköterskans överrapportering på patientsal inom slutenvården.  Metod: Beskrivande design med allmän litteraturstudie som datainsamlingsmetod. Fem kvalitativa artiklar och sex mixed-method artiklar användes som grund för arbetet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienter genom överrapportering på patientsal kände sig mer involverade och delaktiga i sin vård. De upplevde även att överrapportering på patientsal bidrog till en tryggare sjukhusvistelse då sjuksköterskan introducerades tidigt under sitt skift men också möjligheten att verifiera den information som förs vidare. En stor del av patienterna ansåg inte att det var något problem att information delades så att andra kunde höra, det innebar inte att alla ämnen passade att pratas om på patientsalen då patienter såg vissa ämnen som mer inskränkande på deras integritet. Patienterna beskrev även sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt som en viktig del i hur patienters deltagande påverkas. Slutsats: Slutsatsen dras att överrapportering på patientsal bidrar till ökad delaktighet för patienten men att strukturen av överrapportering på patientsal bör utformas vidare för att säkerställa att sekretessen inte bryts samt att patienten blir involverad på ett lämpligt sätt. / Introduction: Information transfer in healthcare is a critical moment where important information can be lost or misunderstood. One such element is the nurses' shift handover, which can be carried out in different ways. That the shift handover takes place at the patient's bedside is described by nurses as both more efficient, correct and inviting. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients experiences with nursing bedside handover. Method: Descriptive design with general literature study as data collection method. Five qualitative articles and six mixed-method articles were used as a basis for the work.  Results: The results showed that through nursing bedside handoff, patients felt more involved in their care. Patients also felt that bedside handoff contributed to a safer hospital stay as the nurse was introduced early during the shift and with the opportunity to verify the information being passed on. Many patients did not consider it a problem that information was shared in a way that other patients could hear, but it did not mean that all topics were suitable to discuss at the bedside as patients saw certain topics as more intrusive of their privacy. The patients also described the nurse's approach as an important part of how patients' participation was affected. Conclusion: The conclusion is drawn that nursing bedside handoff contributes to increased participation for the patient, but that the structure of bedside handoff should be developed further to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that the patient becomes involved in an appropriate way.