Dans les écosystèmes marins côtiers, l‘activité anthropique et les paramètres naturels induisent chez lesorganismes aquatiques des situations de «multistress». Parmi ces paramètres, deux d‘entre eux ont été étudiés:La contamination métallique et l’infection bactérienne. Dans ce contexte la compréhension des réponsesmoléculaires et physiologiques de l’ormeau rouge Haliotis rufescens a été étudiée, en particulier, face l’impactmétallique (cuivre), et au pathogène (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) en interaction avec des bactéries probiotiquespendant le stade juvénile de ce mollusque en conditions contrôlées. Dans un première temps, une évaluation surl’effet d’un consortium probiotique formé de trois souches bactériennes: Vibrio sp C21, Agarivorans albus F1et Vibrio sp F15 a été testée et les paramètres de survie et de croissance des juvéniles de l’ormeau ont été suivis.Les résultats montrent que les probiotiques augmentent les performances de ces deux paramètres de trait de viecomparés aux individus témoins sans probiotiques. Dans un second temps, une approche génomique parbanques soustractives a été réalisée afin d’identifier les transcrits régulés par l’impact métallique. Cetteméthode a permis d’identifier 108 gènes potentiellement impliqués dans la réponse cellulaire et physiologiquedes organismes face au stress. La cinétique de l’expression génique a été suivie à l’aide de 14 transcrits et leurvariation temporelle pendant la phase critique révèle des régulations parfois complexes et différentielles chezles organismes. Ensuite, les réponses immunitaires des hémocytes d’ormeau face l'exposition au cuivre ont étérecherchées. Les résultats montrent que l’exposition au métal provoque des disfonctionnement importants desactivités hémocytaires. Enfin, l’interaction entre les bactéries pathogènes et probiotiques ont étés étudiées etleurs effets sur le mollusque ont été également recherchés. La présence des bactéries pathogènes régulel’expression génique des transcrits impliqués dans des fonctions physiologiques clés des organismes (lesdéfenses immunitaires et l’état énergétique). De plus, les résultats de cette interaction nous renseignent sur lerôle capital accompli par les bactéries probiotiques sur les performances en termes d’amélioration de la survieet de la croissance des jeunes ormeaux en condition de stress. / In coastal ecosystems, anthropogenic activity and natural factors induce “multi-stress” situations. Inthis study, we focused on two such stress-inducing factors: metal contamination and bacterial infection.Specifically, under controlled conditions, we examined the molecular and physiological responses of redabalone Haliotis rufescens toward the impact of a metal (copper) and a pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)with respect to this mollusk’s interaction with probiotic bacteria during the juvenile stage. First, we assessed theeffect of a consortium of three probiotic bacterial strains—Vibrio sp. C21, Agarivorans albus F1, and Vibrio sp.F15—on two abalone lifecycle-related parameters, namely, survival and growth. The results showed that,compared to the control treatment (no probiotics), the probiotics improved the performance of these twolifecycle parameters. In a second step, the molecular mechanisms underlying the juvenile abalone response tocopper stress were studied under experimental conditions, using a suppression subtractive hybridizationmethod. This method identified 108 partial sequences of genes involved in the cellular and physiologicalresponses to stress. The kinetics of gene expression were followed using 14 of these transcripts, and theirtemporal variations during the critical phase showed complex and differential regulation exerted by copper inthese organisms. We then investigated the immune response of abalone hemocytes to copper exposure. Theresults showed that exposure to the metal causes a significant dysfunction of hemocyte activities. Finally, theinteraction between probiotics and pathogenic bacteria (transcriptomic and cellular aspects) was studied and theeffects of these bacteria on mollusk performance were also investigated. The presence of pathogenic bacteriawas found to regulate gene expression of transcripts involved in key physiological functions, including thosethat regulate immune responses and energy metabolism. Examination of these interactions thus indicates therole of probiotic bacteria in performance in terms of the improved survival and growth of juvenile abaloneunder stress conditions.

A espécie Rhynchotus rufescens, ave nativa do Brasil, denominada popularmente perdiz ou perdigão tem mostrado facilidade de adaptação ao cativeiro, e um ótimo potencial para ser explorada zootecnicamente, com a possibilidade da utilização de sua carne como fonte alternativa de proteínas, já que a carne de animais silvestres é uma alternativa alimentar em muitos países, inclusive nos desenvolvidos. A criação de perdizes de maneira racional poderia aumentar as opções da avicultura brasileira e a produção alternativa de proteína animal. O presente trabalho, identificou ritmos diários de atividades da perdiz e seu esquema de alocação temporal em uma situação de cativeiro. O conhecimento destes dados é de fundamental importância para o manejo alimentar e reprodutivo destes animais. Os dados coletados de cada lote foram feitos através de filmagem durante 12 horas ininterruptas, do amanhecer ao entardecer, por três dias consecutivos, totalizando 36 horas de filmagens. O material resultante das filmagens foi observado para obtenção da série de dados utilizados para as análises temporais, utilizando-se o sistema de amostragem temporal (time sampling) para a observação dos comportamentos das aves. Neste trabalho, determinou-se alguns padrões comportamentais de perdizes (Rhynchotus rufescens), nas condições propostas. Os ritmos associados às atividades e sua distribuição temporal foram quantificados e avaliados. Mostrou-se como a organização estrutural dos comportamentos ocorrem. Questões mais complexas como a distribuição espacial, o uso do espaço físico e social, com suas interações agonísticas e de dominância foram abordadas, e indicaram problemas de bem estar, provavelmente comprometendo a eficiência reprodutiva destes animais no cativeiro. Trabalhos futuros deverão estar atentos a estas questões. A investigação de um sistema de acasalamento eficaz é considerado fundamental para obter-se sucesso na criação desta espécie, e então partirmos para sua seleção, lembrando contudo, de estabelecer limites para esta, baseados em índices comportamentais da espécie, a fim de não incorrer-se nos erros que agora são nítidos com relação às aves especializadas para corte e postura. / The species Rhynchotus rufescens, a native bird of Brazil, popularly denominated partridge or pellet, has been showing easy adaptation to captivity and a great potential to be explored zootechnically, with the possibility of the use of its meat as an alternative source of proteins, since the meat of wild animals is a nourishment alternative in many countries, including developed ones. The breeding of partridges in a rational way could increase the options of Brazilian avilculture and the alternative production of animal protein. The present work identified the daily rhythms of activities of the partridge and its scheme of temporary allocation in a situation of captivity. The knowledge of these data is of fundamental importance for the alimentary and reproductive handling of these animals. Data related to each lot were collected through twelve uninterrupted hours of filming, from dawn to dusk, for three consecutive days, totalizing thirty-six hours of work. The material resultant from the filmings was observed in order to obtain the series of data used for the temporary analyses, having the system of temporary sampling (time sampling) been used for the observation of the behaviour of the birds. In this work, it was determined some standard behaviour of partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens), under the proposed conditions. The rhythms associated with the activities and their temporary distribution were quantified and appraised. It was shown how the structural organization of their behaviour take place. More complex subjects as space distribution, the use of physical and social space, with its agonistic and dominance interactions were approached, and they indicated problems of well being which probably interfered in the reproductive efficiency of these animals in captivity. Future works should be aware of and pay attention to these subjects. The investigation of a system of effective copulation is considered fundamental to obtain success in the breeding of this species, leading, then, to its consequent selection. Nevertheless, it is essential that limits based on behavioural indexes of the species be established, which will avoid incurring in the mistakes that are now clear in relation to specialized birds for slaughter and posture.

A espécie Rhynchotus rufescens, ave nativa do Brasil, denominada popularmente perdiz ou perdigão tem mostrado facilidade de adaptação ao cativeiro, e um ótimo potencial para ser explorada zootecnicamente, com a possibilidade da utilização de sua carne como fonte alternativa de proteínas, já que a carne de animais silvestres é uma alternativa alimentar em muitos países, inclusive nos desenvolvidos. A criação de perdizes de maneira racional poderia aumentar as opções da avicultura brasileira e a produção alternativa de proteína animal. O presente trabalho, identificou ritmos diários de atividades da perdiz e seu esquema de alocação temporal em uma situação de cativeiro. O conhecimento destes dados é de fundamental importância para o manejo alimentar e reprodutivo destes animais. Os dados coletados de cada lote foram feitos através de filmagem durante 12 horas ininterruptas, do amanhecer ao entardecer, por três dias consecutivos, totalizando 36 horas de filmagens. O material resultante das filmagens foi observado para obtenção da série de dados utilizados para as análises temporais, utilizando-se o sistema de amostragem temporal (time sampling) para a observação dos comportamentos das aves. Neste trabalho, determinou-se alguns padrões comportamentais de perdizes (Rhynchotus rufescens), nas condições propostas. Os ritmos associados às atividades e sua distribuição temporal foram quantificados e avaliados. Mostrou-se como a organização estrutural dos comportamentos ocorrem. Questões mais complexas como a distribuição espacial, o uso do espaço físico e social, com suas interações agonísticas e de dominância foram abordadas, e indicaram problemas de bem estar, provavelmente comprometendo a eficiência reprodutiva destes animais no cativeiro. Trabalhos futuros deverão estar atentos a estas questões. A investigação de um sistema de acasalamento eficaz é considerado fundamental para obter-se sucesso na criação desta espécie, e então partirmos para sua seleção, lembrando contudo, de estabelecer limites para esta, baseados em índices comportamentais da espécie, a fim de não incorrer-se nos erros que agora são nítidos com relação às aves especializadas para corte e postura. / The species Rhynchotus rufescens, a native bird of Brazil, popularly denominated partridge or pellet, has been showing easy adaptation to captivity and a great potential to be explored zootechnically, with the possibility of the use of its meat as an alternative source of proteins, since the meat of wild animals is a nourishment alternative in many countries, including developed ones. The breeding of partridges in a rational way could increase the options of Brazilian avilculture and the alternative production of animal protein. The present work identified the daily rhythms of activities of the partridge and its scheme of temporary allocation in a situation of captivity. The knowledge of these data is of fundamental importance for the alimentary and reproductive handling of these animals. Data related to each lot were collected through twelve uninterrupted hours of filming, from dawn to dusk, for three consecutive days, totalizing thirty-six hours of work. The material resultant from the filmings was observed in order to obtain the series of data used for the temporary analyses, having the system of temporary sampling (time sampling) been used for the observation of the behaviour of the birds. In this work, it was determined some standard behaviour of partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens), under the proposed conditions. The rhythms associated with the activities and their temporary distribution were quantified and appraised. It was shown how the structural organization of their behaviour take place. More complex subjects as space distribution, the use of physical and social space, with its agonistic and dominance interactions were approached, and they indicated problems of well being which probably interfered in the reproductive efficiency of these animals in captivity. Future works should be aware of and pay attention to these subjects. The investigation of a system of effective copulation is considered fundamental to obtain success in the breeding of this species, leading, then, to its consequent selection. Nevertheless, it is essential that limits based on behavioural indexes of the species be established, which will avoid incurring in the mistakes that are now clear in relation to specialized birds for slaughter and posture.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2017-03-13T13:22:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 capa e indice.pdf: 115929 bytes, checksum: 84e56035870ec6aadeec590fa091cb92 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO.pdf: 8999500 bytes, checksum: 4c472aceb4e05170816f9b5fc71950a1 (MD5) / Rejected by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br), reason: O presente trabalho trata-se de uma tese de doutorado em química e foi submetido a coleção de Dissertações de Mestrado (POSQUIMICA). Solicito que seja feita a devida correção de submissão do trabalho a coleção adequada. on 2017-03-14T13:43:57Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2017-03-30T17:37:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 capa e indice.pdf: 115929 bytes, checksum: 84e56035870ec6aadeec590fa091cb92 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO.pdf: 8999500 bytes, checksum: 4c472aceb4e05170816f9b5fc71950a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Uillis de Assis Santos (uillis.assis@ufba.br) on 2017-03-30T17:41:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 capa e indice.pdf: 115929 bytes, checksum: 84e56035870ec6aadeec590fa091cb92 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO.pdf: 8999500 bytes, checksum: 4c472aceb4e05170816f9b5fc71950a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T17:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 capa e indice.pdf: 115929 bytes, checksum: 84e56035870ec6aadeec590fa091cb92 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO.pdf: 8999500 bytes, checksum: 4c472aceb4e05170816f9b5fc71950a1 (MD5) / CAPES / O gênero Cordia L. (Boraginaceae), compreende aproximadamente 250 espécies. Nesse gênero tem sido reportado a presença de benzoquinonas, naftoquinonas, hidroquinonas, cromonas, terpenos, polifenóis, flavonóides e alcalóides. Cordia rufescens A. DC. (Sin: C. piauhiensis Fresen) é um pequeno arbusto conhecido no Nordeste do Brasil como “ramela de velho” e utilizado pela população como abortivo, antiinflamatório e no tratamento da dismenorréia e dispepsia. Em estudos anteriores foram identificadas as presenças de saponinas e de uma lignana do tipo arilnaftaleno. Este trabalho relata a determinação estrutural de uma nova lignana, denominada rufescinolideo, apresentando esqueleto até então não inserido nas classificações anteriores. Descreve também resultados obtidos do estudo fitoquímico das folhas e caules Cordia rufescens e das folhas de Cordia superba. A partir destes estudos foram isolados quercetina 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo, quercetina-3-O-β-(6´´- E-p-cumaroil-β-D-glicopiranosideo, rosmarinato de metila, cafeato de metila, siringaldeido, ácido 4-metoxi-protocatequeico, sitosterol, 3-β-O-β-glicopiranosil- sitosterol, α-amirina, β-amirina. Foi realizado o teste da letalidade da Artemia salina na avaliação da atividade citotóxica das frações. A identificação estrutural das substâncias foi realizada através da análise de dados espectrométricos. / The genus Cordia L. (Boraginaceae), comprises about 250 species disttibuted in tropical and temperate areas of the globe. In that genus has been reported the presence of benzoquinones, naphtoquinones, hidroquinones, cromones, terpenes, poliphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. Cordia rufescens A. DC. (Sin: C. piauhiensis Fresen) is a shrub popularly known in the Northeast of Brazil as " ramela de velho " Some plants of the genus Cordia have been used by the population as abortive, anti- inflammatory and in the treatment of the dysmenorrhea and dyspepsia. In previous studies, was identified the saponinas and a arylnaphthalene type lignan. This work reports the structural determination of a new lignan, named rufescinolide, presenting a skeleton until then not shown in the previous classifications. It also describes obtained results of the phytochemistry study of the leaves and stems of Cordia rufescens and from leaves of Cordia superba. From these studies were isolated quercetin 3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-(6´´-E-p-coumaroyl-β-D- glycopyranoside, methyl rosmarinate, 4-methoxy-protocatequeic acid, methyl rosmarinato, methyl caffeate, synringaldheide, 4-methoxi-protocatechuic acid, β- sitosterol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and 3-β-O-β-D-glycopiranosyl-sitosterol. The structural identification of the substances was accomplished through spectral data analysis.

RESUME : Le Sud-Est du Niger est soumis au phénomène dérosion éolienne. Dans la zone de Gouré, les cuvettes oasiennes, principales sources de productions agricoles et de revenus, sont menacées de disparition à cause de lensablement. Des opérations de fixation de dunes sont entreprises pour sauver ce capital productif. Lévaluation de la technique de fixation mécanique des dunes utilisée dans la zone a montré que celle-ci est efficace dans la restauration écologique du milieu. Trois années après la mise en place des palissades anti-érosives, à base des branchages de Leptadenia pyrotechnica, une végétation spontanée, comprenant 58 espèces (20 familles), dont 17 pérennes, sétait installée à lintérieur du clayonnage, soit 42 espèces de plus que dans les zones non traitées. Au fil des ans, la composition floristique sest progressivement stabilisée, témoignant ainsi dune réduction notable des perturbations du milieu engendrées par laction érosive des vents. Dans une expérimentation de fixation biologique de dunes, sept espèces ligneuses, dont cinq autochtones (Acacia senegal, A. tortilis, A. nilotica, Bauhinia rufescens, Balanites aegyptiaca), et deux allochtones (Prosopis juliflora et P. chilensis) ont été testées. En pépinière, les espèces ont subi un stress hydrique par interruption darrosage durant six jours. Les taux dhydratation foliaire ont été déterminés, afin dévaluer leur capacité respective à limiter les pertes deau par transpiration. Dans un essai de terrain, les espèces ont été plantées sur un cordon dunaire, préfixé mécaniquement, en vue de tester leur aptitude à la stabilisation des dunes. Les taux de survie sur trois années ont été calculés et la croissance en hauteur mesurée. Les résultats en pépinière ont montré, quaprès six jours de stress hydrique, Acacia senegal, A. tortilis, Prosopis chilensis et A. nilotica sont les quatre espèces limitant le mieux les pertes en eau. Les résultats sur site ont montré que la meilleure combinaison en matière de fixation de dunes dans cette zone serait dassocier lespèce de Prosopis chilensis (fort taux de survie et croissance rapide) avec A. tortilis et/ou A. nilotica (survie et croissance relativement appréciables et intérêt économique plus important). Dans loptique dun essai dinoculation mycorhizienne, des échantillons de sols de Gouré ont été récoltés sous dix espèces ligneuses locales et exotiques, avec lobjectif didentifier les différents types de champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMA) et de produire un inoculum indigène par le biais de trois plantes-pièges locales ; le mil, le sorgho et le niébé. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la présence de deux familles de Glomales dans les sols du département de Gouré, Glomaceae (appartenant au genre Glomus) et Gigasporaceae. Avec plus de 56 % des spores, le genre Glomus est le plus abondant des Glomales identifiées et aussi le plus viable (55,80 % des spores vivantes). La croissance en hauteur des parties aériennes du sorgho et du niébé a été significativement stimulée par linoculation. Les trois cultures sont équivalentes dans le piégeage des spores. Un inoculum mycorhizien composite de souches indigènes a été produit à partir de cette culture sporale. Lefficacité de la mycorhization naturelle a été comparée à celles des apports de ce complexe mycorhizien indigène et du Glomus intraradices. Un substrat de culture naturel, non stérilisé, a été inoculé par le complexe mycorhizien de souches indigènes ou par du Glomus intraradices. Les effets de linoculation ont été observés sur cinq espèces ligneuses, dont trois Acacias (A. nilotica, A. tortilis, A. senegal), Bauhinia rufescens et Prosopis chilensis, en pépinière et en sol dunaire. En pépinière, les espèces ont subi un stress hydrique par interruption darrosage durant six jours. Les taux dhydratation foliaire ont été calculés, afin dévaluer les effets de la mycorhization sur la limitation des pertes deau par transpiration. Les différents taux de mycorhization ont été déterminés, ainsi que la croissance des plants et la production de la biomasse totale. Dans un essai de terrain, les espèces inoculées et non inoculées ont été plantées sur un cordon dunaire, préfixé mécaniquement, en vue dévaluer les effets des différents apports mycorhiziens au champ sur la croissance en hauteur des plants. Les résultats en pépinière ont montré que (i) le sol de pépinière non stérilisé contient des CMA (champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules) endogènes aussi infectifs que les souches contrôlées ; (ii) lapport du Glomus intraradices est efficace dans la stimulation de la production de biomasse totale et (iii) la mycorhization naturelle est quasi aussi efficace que les deux apports mycorhiziens dans la stimulation de la croissance en hauteur et dans la limitation de la perte deau des espèces par transpiration. Les résultats sur site confirment lefficacité comparable de la mycorhization naturelle et de celle des apports mycorhiziens. Bien que leffet du G. intraradices apparaisse être bénéfique en certains points chez quelques espèces, les effets observés ne justifient pas doffice de le préférer à linoculum composite de souches indigènes, ni à la mycorhization naturelle dans cette zone. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Southeastern of Niger Republic is subjected to the phenomenon of wind erosion. In Gouré, the oasis basins, which are the main source of agricultural productions and incomes, are threatened to disappear because of the sand silting up. Operations of sand dunes fixation are taken to save this productive capital. Assessment of the mechanical sand dunes fixation technique, used in this area, showed that this technique is effective in the ecological restoration of the environment. Three years after the implementation of the anti erosive fences, made of Leptadenia pyrotechnica branches, spontaneous floral vegetation, including 58 species (20 families) of which 17 perennials, had settled down inside the fences, owing 42 species more than in the untreated areas. Over the years, the floral composition gradually stabilized proving then a considerable reduction of the environmental disturbances caused by the erosive winds action. In a biological sand dunes fixation experiment, seven woody species, of which five natives (Acacia senegal, A. tortilis, A. nilotica, Bauhinia rufescens and Balanites aegyptiaca) and two exotic (Prosopis juliflora and P. chilensis) have been tested in that zone of the Southeastern of Niger Republic. In nursery, species underwent a water stress by interrupting the watering during six days. Foliar hydration has been determined in order to evaluate their capacity to limit water loss. In a field experiment, species have been planted on a mechanically prefixed sand dune cord in order to test their ability in sand dunes stabilization. Survival rates during the first three years have been calculated and height growth was measured. In nursery, results showed that, after six days of water stress, Acacia senegal, A. tortilis, P. chilensis and A. nilotica are the four species limiting the best the losses in water. Results on site showed that the best combination in sand dunes fixation, in this zone, would be the association of Prosopis chilensis specie (high survival rate and fast growth) with A. tortilis and/or A. nilotica (survival and growth relatively substantial and more important economic interest). In the optics of a further mycorrhizal inoculation essay, soil samples from Gouré department were collected beneath ten mature native and exotic tree species in order to identify the types of associated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and to produce an indigenous inoculum by growing three local trap cultures including millet, sorghum and cowpea. The results highlighted the presence of two families of Glomales in the soils including Glomaceae (belonging to the genus Glomus) and Gigasporaceae. With more than 56 % of spores, the genus Glomus is the most abundant of the identified Glomales and the most viable (55, 80 % of the live spores). The length growth of sorghum and cowpea plants was significantly stimulated by inoculation. The three trap cultures species are equivalent in the spores trapping. An indigenous mycorrhizal complex was produced from this spore culture. Effects of the natural mycorhization were compared with those of the addition of this indigenous mycorrhizal complex and Glomus intraradices. A natural unsterile culture substrate was inoculated with the indigenous inoculum or with G. Intraradices. Inoculation effects were assessed on five woody species, among which three Acacias species (A. nilotica, A. tortilis, A. senegal), Bauhinia rufescens and Prosopis chilensis, in a tree nursery and on a sand dune of Gouré. In the nursery, species underwent a water stress by interrupting the watering during six days. Foliar hydration has been determined in order to evaluate the respective effects of the mycorrhizal inoculation on the water loss limitation. Mycorrhizal root colonization has been determined as well as plant height and total biomass. In a field experiment, inoculated and non inoculated species have been planted on a mechanically prefixed sand dune portion in order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculations on growth in the field. Results in nursery showed that (i) the non sterile soil would contain some endogenous AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) as infectious as those in soils with mycorrhizal additions; (ii) addition of Glomus intraradices would be efficient to stimulate total biomass and (iii) natural mycorhization would be as efficient as both mycorrhizal addition in growth stimulation and water loss limitation by transpiration. Results on site confirm the comparable effectiveness of the natural mycorhization and mycorrhizal additions. Although the addition of G. intraradices appears to be slightly superior by some aspects on some species, the observed effects do not justify preferring it, when compared to indigenous composite inoculum or to natural mycorhization in this zone.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Simioni.pdf: 2107045 bytes, checksum: 0dadb3940e17669ea7a07463fcfe1389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aimed to chemically study the secondary metabolites from inflorescences and leaves of male and female specimens of three species from the genus Baccharis: B. rufescens, B. pentodonta and B. tridentata. The plant materials were hydrodistilled for the collection and analysis of the obtained essential oils by GC/MS/FID, UV-Vis, IR and 1H and 13C NMR. The column chromatographic fractionation of the essential oil from male specimens of B. rufescens led to the isolation of two sesquiterpene alcohols, namely spathulenol and (E)-nerolidol, and the ketone 4,7(11)-amorphadien-8-one, which was obtained for the first time making it possible to study its structure using 2D NMR techniques. The essential oils of female specimens of B. rufescens were analyzed by 13C NMR, confirming the presence of (E)-nerolidol and the absence of the mentioned ketone. The oils of male and female specimens of B. pentodonta were very similar, presenting the major sesquiterpenes spathulenol, epiglobulol, viridiflorol, (+)-torreyol and α-cadinol. Likewise, the compositions of the essential oils from male and female specimens of B. tridentata were very similar, showing spathulenol as the major component, followed by caryophyllene oxide and (+)-torreyol. The aqueous extract remaining after the steam distillation of essential oils from B. tridentata was subjected to extraction with chloroform and then with ethyl acetate at pH 8 and pH 4. The extract obtained with ethyl acetate at pH 8 was analyzed by UV-Vis and shift reagents were added, making it possible to observe the presence of a flavanone whose 1H and 13C NMR spectra indicate that this substance is eriodictyol. The extract was chromatographed on a column of silica and structure of eriodictyol was carried out by UV-Vis, IR and 1H and 13C NMR. The ethyl acetate extract at pH 4 was analyzed by UV-Vis and 1H and 13C NMR, verifying the likely presence of 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar quimicamente os metabólitos secundários de inflorescências e folhas de espécimes masculinos e femininos de três espécies do gênero Baccharis: B. rufescens, B. pentodonta e B. tridentata. Os materiais vegetais foram hidrodestilados para a obtenção e análise dos óleos essenciais por técnicas de CG-EM-DIC, UV-Vis, IV e RMN de 1H e de 13C. O fracionamento em coluna cromatográfica do óleo essencial de espécimes masculinos de B. rufescens levou ao isolamento de dois álcoois sesquiterpênicos, espatulenol e (E)-nerolidol, e da cetona 4,7(11)-amorfadien-8-ona, que foi obtida pela primeira vez em quantidade suficiente para estudos detalhados sobre sua estrutura com uso de técnicas de RMN 2D. Os óleos essenciais de espécimes femininos de B. rufescens foram analisados por RMN de 13C, confirmando a presença majoritária de (E)-nerolidol e ausência da mencionada cetona. Os óleos de espécimes masculinos e femininos de B. pentodonta mostraram-se muito similares entre si, identificando-se como majoritários os sesquiterpenos espatulenol, epiglobulol, viridiflorol, (+)-torreiol e α-cadinol. Da mesma forma, as composições dos óleos essenciais de espécimes masculinos e femininos de B. tridentata mostraram-se muito similares, identificando-se o espatulenol como componente majoritário, seguido de óxido de cariofileno e (+)-torreiol. O extrato aquoso restante após a hidrodestilação dos óleos essenciais de B. tridentata foi submetido à extração com clorofórmio e em seguida com acetato de etila em pH 8 e em pH 4. O extrato obtido com acetato de etila em pH 8 foi analisado por UV-Vis com adição de reagentes de deslocamento, tornando possível observar a presença de uma flavanona cujos espectros de RMN de 1H e de 13C indicaram tratar-se de eriodictiol. O extrato foi cromatografado em coluna de sílica e a estrutura do eriodictiol foi assegurada por UV-Vis, IV e RMN de 1H e de 13C. O extrato acetato de etila em pH 4 foi analisado por UV-Vis e RMN de 1H e de 13C, verificando-se a provável presença do ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 3,5-dicafeoilquínico e ácido 4,5-dicafeoilquínico.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Aceria guerreronis keifer is one of the main coconut pests in Brazil, its attack causes a premature fall, reduction of fruit size, water weight and volume, as well as stetic esthetic damages (necrosis) depreciating the product. Currently, there are five pesticides registered for the control of the coconut-necrotic mite. However, there is no specificity to A. guerreronis. The Lamiaceae family stands out with some specimens with notable insecticidal activity, among them the Vitex genus, known to have ecdysteroids and iridoids as markers of the genus. However, there is a shortage of specific chemotaxonomic studies for volatile compounds. The objective of this work was to identify the volatile compounds present in the essential oils of the species of Vitex gardneriana Schauer, Vitex capitata Vahl., Vitex rufescens A. Juss., Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenk and to evaluate possible effects of toxicity and repellence against A. guerreronis. In addition to analyzing the genetic diversity of species of the genus Vitex using ISSR markers, verifying the occurrence of statistical correlations between the genetic diversity and the chemical profiles of the essential oils. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (GC-MS / FID) were used for the detection of volatile compounds, and the molecular markers of ISSR for the genetic characterization of the species, as well as toxicity and repellency tests against necrotic necrosis. The results showed 46, 45, 41 and 37 constituents for V. capitata, V. megapotamica, V. gardneriana and V. rufences respectively, among which, -copaene, (E)-caryophyllene, -elemene, -humulene, trans-cadine-1(6)4-diene, viridiflorene and -cadinene were the main components of V. capitata and V. megapotamica. 6,9-guaiadiene, caryophyllene oxide, L-calamenene for V. gardneriana and (E)-cariophylene, ledol, germacrene D, -humulene, allo-aromadendrene, viridiflorene and -elemene for V. rufences. The results of molecular markers of ISSR generated a total of 90 fragments, of which 100% were polymorphic. The genotypes of the four Vitex species selected for this study were pooled using the Jaccard coefficient (JC). The mean similarity was 0.21 JC (0.08-0.45 JC). A clear separation of two groups was observed, with V. gardneriana being the most isolated of the four species, and V. capitata and V. megapotamica more closely related to each other. The acaricide activity of the four oils was also evaluated by means of toxicity and repellency tests against A. guerreronis. The essential oil of V. gardneriana showed acaricidal activity against A. guerreronis with a LC50 of 0.85 mg.mL-1, whereas the oils of V. capitata, V. megapotamica and V. rufecens were not toxic to this pest up to 2.3 mg. Ml-1 when tested through the toxicity bioassay. In general, essential oils distilled from the Vitex species repelled A. guerreronis after 24 hours at a concentration of 1.8 mg.mL-1 using abamectin as a control in the two-choice disc repellency assay, however, the essential oil of V. gardneriana presented a statistically significant acaricidal activity against the coconut mite necrosis. Introducing himself as a potential candidate for the development of an acaricide product. / O ácaro-da-necrose-de-coqueiro Aceria guerreronis keifer é uma das principais pragas de coqueiro do Brasil, seu ataque causa queda prematura, redução no tamanho e peso dos frutos e volume de água, além dos danos estéticos (necroses) na casca que diminui o valor comercial do produto. Atualmente, existem cinco agrotóxicos registrados para o controle dessa praga. No entanto, não há especificidade ao A. guerreronis. A família Lamiaceae se destaca com alguns exemplares com notória atividade inseticida, dentre eles, o gênero Vitex, conhecido por possuir dentre seus constituintes os ecdisteroides e iridoides como marcadores do gênero, todavia, há uma escassez de estudo quimiotaxonômicos específicos para compostos voláteis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os compostos voláteis presentes nos óleos essenciais das espécies de Vitex gardneriana Schauer, Vitex capitata Vahl., Vitex rufescens A. Juss., Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenk e avaliar possíveis efeitos de toxicidade e repelência frente ao A. guerreronis, além de analisar a diversidade genética de espécies do gênero Vitex. Técnicas cromatográficas e espectroscópicas (CG-MS/FID) foram utilizadas para detecção dos compostos voláteis, e os marcadores moleculares de ISSR foram empregados para a caracterização genética das espécies, além de testes de toxicidade e repelência contra ao àcaro-da-necrose. Os resultados mostraram 46, 45, 41 e 37 constituintes para V. capitata, V. megapotamica, V. gardneriana e V. rufences respectivamente, dentre os quais, -copaeno, (E)-cariofileno, -elemeno, -humuleno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-dieno, viridiflorene e -cadineno foram os principais componentes de V. capitata e V. megapotamica. 6,9- guaiadieno, óxido de cariofileno, L-calameneno para V. gardneriana e (E)-cariofileno, ledol, germacreno D, -humuleno, allo-aromadendreno, viridifloreno e -elemene para V. rufences. Os resultados dos marcadores moleculares de ISSR geraram um total de 90 fragmentos, dos quais 100% foram polimórficos. Os genótipos das quatro espécies de Vitex selecionadas para este estudo foram agrupados utilizando o coeficiente Jaccard (JC). A média de similaridade foi de 0,21 JC (0,08-0,45 JC). Observou-se uma clara separação de dois grupos, sendo V. gardneriana a mais isolada das quatro espécies, e V. capitata e V. megapotamica mais próxima geneticamente entre si. A atividade acaricida dos quatro óleos também foi avaliada por meio de ensaios de toxicidade e repelência contra o àcaro-da-necrose. O óleo essencial de V. gardneriana mostrou atividade acaricida ao A. guerreronis com uma CL50 de 0,85 mg.mL-1, enquanto que os óleos de V. capitata, V. megapotamica e V. rufecens não foram tóxicos para esta praga até 2,3 mg.ml-1, quando testados através do bioensaio de toxicidade. Em geral, os óleos essenciais destilados a partir das espécies de Vitex repeliram o A. guerreronis após 24 horas a uma concentração de 1.8 mg.mL-1 utilizando abamectina como controle no ensaio de repelência disco de duas escolha, no entanto, o óleo essencial de V. gardneriana apresentou atividade acaricida estatisticamente significativa frente ao ácaro-da-necrose-do-coqueiro. Apresentando-se como potencial candidato para o desenvolvimento de um produto acaricida. / São Cristóvão, SE