Analisa-se na presente dissertação a teoria das descrições de Bertrand Russell, bem como a crítica que é feita por Peter Strawson a essa teoria. A fim de contextualizar a teoria das descrições, analisa-se primeiramente a teoria do atomismo platônico de George Moore, teoria que configura o primeiro momento da revolta contra o idealismo de cunho hegeliano que dominava a filosofia inglesa no final do século XIX. A seguir, expõe-se em linhas gerais a filosofia de Bertrand Russell dos primeiros anos do século XX, a qual poderia ser chamada de “logicismo”, na medida em que tinha como preocupação teórica central demonstrar a redutibilidade de toda a matemática pura a algumas poucas noções lógicas fundamentais e indefiníveis. Após isso, analisa-se então a inovação filosófica consubstanciada pela teoria das descrições de Russell, mostrando como ela lida com importantes problemas lógicos e filosóficos. Sem dúvida, a teoria das descrições de Russell foi uma das teorias filosóficas mais significativas do século XX. Posteriormente, apresenta-se a crítica de Peter Strawson à teoria das descrições, bem como a réplica de Russell. Conclui-se a dissertação com uma breve avaliação a respeito de três pontos fundamentais de divergência entre Russell e Strawson: o papel da linguagem ordinária na análise filosófica, o valor de verdade de proposições expressas por sentenças do tipo “O atual Rei da França é calvo”, e a questão dos nomes próprios. / In the present dissertation, Bertrand Russell’s theory of descriptions is analyzed, as well as Peter Strawson’s criticism of this theory. In order to better contextualize the theory of descriptions, George Moore’s theory of Platonic Atomism is firstly analyzed. This theory represents the first step of the revolt against the Hegelian influenced idealism that dominated English philosophy at the end of the 19th century. After that, Bertrand Russell’s early philosophy is outlined in its main features, that is, his philosophy from the first years of the 20th century, which may be called “logicism”, since it had, as its main theoretical purpose, the demonstration that all pure mathematics could be reduced to a few fundamental and indefinable logical notions. Subsequently, the philosophical innovation represented by Russell’s theory of descriptions is analyzed, and the manner in which it deals with important logical and philosophical problems is exhibited. One can say that Russell’s theory of descriptions is one of the most significant philosophical theories of the 20th century. After that, Peter Strawson’s criticism of the theory of descriptions is presented, as well as Russell’s rebuttal of it. The dissertation ends with a brief assessment of three fundamental points of contention between Russell and Strawson: the role of ordinary language in philosophical analysis, the truth value of propositions expressed by sentences such as “The present King of France is bald”, and the question regarding proper names.

Ken Russell (1927-2011) was a renegade talent and the self-styled enfant terrible of British cinema. His legacy as a film-maker consists of a large number of films on the lives of artists, mainly composers. But Russell’s approach to artist biography was highly unorthodox: rather than reconstruct a factual account he offered a deeply personal interpretation of artists’ lives based on his own understanding of their work. In a programmatic text for his film on Mahler (1974), Russell explained that his films ‘evolve through a stream of consciousness in which the man and the myth, the music and its meaning, time, place, dream and fact all flow and blend into the mainstream of the film itself’ and that ‘my film is simply about some of the things I feel when I think of Mahler’s life and listen to his music’.This book is an attempt to explain what that statement means and to unpack its implications for the practice of life writing. It takes a baroque approach to performance and performativity to show how Russell not simply made highly inventive films on other artists, but also constructed those films as a kind of self-portrait. Russell’s work then becomes a performance of self through art. In four chapters of detailed analysis this book reconstructs Russell’s method, from the very first films he made for the BBC in the early 1960s through his major feature films of the 1970s and 1980s. / Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis examines the measurable effects of changing cultural values on American presidential election year issues from 1972 to 2000. Topics discussed: the long-term shift in cultural values and their impact on political parties, party support, and political priorities. There is congruence between the content of the two major political party platforms from 1972-2000 and the cultural priorities of party supporters as defined by their presidential vote. This relationship also holds true for the 'most significant issue facing the nation' variable in the National Election Studies and presidential vote choice. These results are reproduced in a completely different data set of active political participants (follow the news closely, participate in political campaigns, vote consistently) assembled by Sydney Verba. Both political parties must contend with the tensions that arise from differing cultural priorities of their supporters. This applies both within the parties as they must assemble winning electoral coalitions and between the parties which have taken on the cultural and political priorities of their strongest supporters. As the cultural priorities of major political party supporters shift, so have their quadrennial party platforms. / Master of Arts

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This trans-disciplinary and [trans-modal] dissertation practices the work of inclusive design that students of music (do or do not) encounter as part of their music education. Using inclusive design practices focused on the domains of the written word, the auditory-aural artifact, and the artistic-visual artifact, this work reflects upon three schools of pedagogy and philosophy within the broader academy, primarily not found in the musical academy. The schools of humanism, liberation, and transformation are considered as objects-subjects of reflection utilizing four authors (James Cone, Paolo Freire, Jack Mezirow, and Bertrand Russell); this work is rooted in the practice of critical reflection as understood through the lens of the author Stephen Brookfield. The authors’ assets were collected through analog and digital booksellers and analog and digital library available databases; the author consumed accessibility and accommodative digital programs to aid the researcher. Three themes emerged as follows: one, humanity has largely been excluded from the study of music education, resulting in an intensely human invention often resulting in inhumane practices and theories; two, transformation is a fundamental component of musical education, in that it studies humans transforming both words and music, as well as subsequent performances being transformations of what was to what can be (again); and, three, liberation is the implicit goal at the center of musical education, in that being a music educator is an attempt to liberate the musicianship innate to the human existence from the oppression the body has consumed. Each of these themes written as separate chapters closes with a pedagogy-philosophy of the chapter’s theme. The dissertation concludes with a reflection on music education in light of the pedagogies and philosophies examined. Keywords: Music, ethnography, reflection, philosophy, pedagogy, Humanity, liberation, transformation

As part of a large investigation with Hubble Space Telescope to study the faintest stars within the globular cluster omega Centauri, in this work we present early results on the multiplicity of its main sequence (MS) stars, based on deep optical and near-infrared observations. By using appropriate colour-magnitude diagrams, we have identified, for the first time, the two main stellar Populations I and II along the entire MS, from the turn-off towards the hydrogen-burning limit. We have compared the observations with suitable synthetic spectra of MS stars and conclude that the two main sequences (MSs) are consistent with stellar populations with different metallicity, helium and light-element abundance. Specifically, MS-I corresponds to a metal-poor stellar population ([Fe/H] similar to -1.7) with Y similar to 0.25 and [O/Fe] similar to 0.30. The MS-II hosts helium-rich (Y similar to 0.37-0.40) stars with metallicity ranging from [Fe/H] similar to -1.7 to -1.4. Below the MS knee (m(F160W) similar to 19.5), our photometry reveals that each of the two main MSs hosts stellar subpopulations with different oxygen abundances, with very O-poor stars ([O/Fe] similar to -0.5) populating the MS-II. Such a complexity has never been observed in previous studies of M-dwarfs in globular clusters. A few months before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, these results demonstrate the power of optical and near-infrared photometry in the study of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters.

A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, pretendemos armar um debate entre Russell e Wittgenstein tendo como questão mestra a relação entre lógica e linguagem. Em especial, procuramos encontrar elementos em The Philosophy of Logical Atomism e no Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus para reconstruir a resposta que consta em cada uma das obras para as questões: qual o estatuto lógico da linguagem corrente? Qual a função do lógico enquanto tal? Em segundo lugar, pretendemos apresentar um jogo de cartas – o jogo da Figuração – que desenvolvemos ao longo da pesquisa e funciona como uma ilustração do Tractatus. Em função do jogo será possível compreender algumas das principais teses da obra. Em especial, o papel da teoria da figuração e a distinção entre dizer e mostrar como pilares da explicação tractariana para a questão sobre o funcionamento lógico da linguagem. Além disso, com base na semelhança entre o nosso jogo da figuração e a explicação de Wittgenstein para o funcionamento lógico da linguagem, apresentaremos uma série de razões que justificam o fracasso do projeto de Wittgenstein. Por fim, defenderemos a tese segundo a qual o nosso pensamento funciona com base em uma série de padrões lógicos distintos e não apenas um único padrão lógico (tal qual defendido no Tractatus). / The present dissertation has two goals. In the first place, we intend to construct a debate between Russell and Wittgenstein having the relation between logic and language as our master question. In particular, we seek to find elements in The Philosophy of Logical Atomism and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to reconstruct the answer in each of the works for the questions: what is the logical status of the current language? What is the role of the logician as such? Secondly, we intend to present a card game – the Picture game- that we developed throughout the research and functions as an illustration of the Tractatus. Based on the game we will be able to understand some of the main theses of the work. In particular, the role of picture theory and the distinction between saying and showing as pillars of the tractarian explanation for the question about the logical functioning of language. Moreover, on the basis of the similarity between our picture game and Wittgenstein's explanation for the logical functioning of language, we will present a number of reasons for the failure of Wittgenstein's project. Finally, we will defend the thesis that our thinking operates on the basis of a series of distinct logical patterns and not just a single logical pattern (as defended in the Tractatus).

<p>This study deals with one of the efficient market hypothesis’ anomaly. The research aims at proving the</p><p>existence of a size anomaly by answering the question: can you outperform the market by investing in</p><p>small and mid caps? It is in fact a questioning of the well-know efficient market hypothesis (EMH). We</p><p>investigate the size effect in the situation of a passive strategy with different indices (Russell Indices and</p><p>S&P Indices) from 1995 to 2005.</p><p>The introduction gives to the reader the background he needs to understand the methodology and the</p><p>approach of the issue by the authors. Key concepts are defined such as EMH, passive strategy.</p><p>The second part exposes the methodology the authors choose and the methodology of exploited indices.</p><p>The research consist on measuring the risk adjusting excess returns by comparing the market index</p><p>return (S&P 500 or Russell 3000) and the Small and Mid Caps indices (S&P Small Cap 600, S&P Mid</p><p>Cap 400, Russell Mid Cap and Russell 2000) over the period. Indeed the methodology of indices is</p><p>exposing in details to understand in which extent the study can be influence by the construction of</p><p>indices.</p><p>Then in part 3 the authors describe theories that are possible explanations for the size effect. Then it is</p><p>understandable that the size anomaly is the result of a set of factors that generate abnormal returns.</p><p>These theories help the authors to come up with a model that gives an overview of the research.</p><p>After having explained their research method and reveal their empirical findings. The authors</p><p>demonstrate that excess returns can be earned by investing in small and mid caps indices even after</p><p>controlling for risk. The risk adjusting excess returns their findings can potentially be explained by the</p><p>other factors depicted in the theoretical part. E/P ratios, Trading Costs, January effect, Overreaction are</p><p>possible reasons to explain the size anomaly. They also find an instability and/or reversal of the size</p><p>effect consistent with one of the theories. However the authors find data with non statistic significance,</p><p>so I accept the null hypothesis that the excess returns of small and mid caps indices are equal to zero.</p><p>The paper ends with a discussion about the limitations of the study and possible further researches. The</p><p>authors conclude that even if the existence of a size effect is obvious for some years and horizons of</p><p>investment, the passive strategy appears to be an unsuited method to take advantage of the small effect</p><p>since the results reject the null hypothesis. The authors clarify the fact that before investing in small and</p><p>mid caps, one has to be aware of all the factors that can influence his investment (beside risk) because</p><p>the size effect is a set of factors.</p><p>Key words: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Abnormal returns, Size effect (anomaly), Passive strategy,</p><p>Market Index, S&P indices, Russell indices</p>