Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T14:58:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAGFC.pdf: 1978531 bytes, checksum: e57d2335b2038eca2d8a6468869e05fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:36:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAGFC.pdf: 1978531 bytes, checksum: e57d2335b2038eca2d8a6468869e05fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:36:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAGFC.pdf: 1978531 bytes, checksum: e57d2335b2038eca2d8a6468869e05fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:37:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAGFC.pdf: 1978531 bytes, checksum: e57d2335b2038eca2d8a6468869e05fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Since the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, some scholars such as Frege, Russell, Dedekind, Wittgenstein, among others, started to seek the foundations of the mathematics. Specifically, Frege developed studies in order to build the arithmetic foundation based on classical logic, i. e., using logic, he intended to build a system capable of formalizing mathematical definitions and proof methods. These works resulted in the publication of The Foundations of the Arithmetic in 1884 and subsequently in 1893 and 1902, The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. However, Frege’s attempt to reduce arithmetic to logic was inadequate due to a paradox discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1902. The aim of this research was to reconstruct mathematically and logically the Russell paradox in its original formulation in the Frege’s The Basic Laws of Arithmetic. This study had as primary bibliography Frege’s works and as secondary bibliography, works of his commentators, as well as the correspondence between Frege and Russell. This research provides a logical, philosophical and mathematical formation for the educator who is in contact with this event that covers both the areas that is disciplinary today. It is a fertile moment in the history of philosophy of mathematics and logic, configured as a watershed for mathematical theories since it enabled Gödel's incompleteness theorems and non-classical logics to be formulated, and also has repercussions in contemporary philosophy and which is of unquestionable value for the teacher formation. / A partir do fim do século XIX e início do século XX, alguns estudiosos, como Frege, Russell, Dedekind, Wittgenstein, dentre outros, buscaram alcançar os fundamentos últimos para a Matemática. Especificamente, Frege desenvolveu trabalhos a fim de fundamentar a Aritmética tendo como base a Lógica Clássica, ou seja, utilizando a lógica ele pretendia construir um sistema capaz de formalizar definições matemáticas e métodos de prova. Esses trabalhos culminaram na publicação de Os Fundamentos da Aritmética em 1884 e, posteriormente, em 1893 e 1902, em As Leis Básicas da Aritmética. No entanto, a tentativa proposta por Frege de reduzir a Aritmética à Lógica se mostrou inadequada, devido a um paradoxo na teoria apontado por Bertrand Russell em 1902. Assim sendo, o estudo aqui proposto tem como objetivo reconstruir lógicomatematicamente o paradoxo de Russell em sua formulação original nas Leis Básicas da Aritmética de Frege. Para realização deste estudo, o presente trabalho fundamentou-se numa pesquisa bibliográfica englobando, como bibliografia primária, as obras de Frege e, como bibliografia secundária, as obras de seus comentadores, assim como a correspondência entre Frege e Russell. A pesquisa proporciona uma formação lógica, filosófica e matemática para o educador que percorre este evento de fronteira entre as áreas que se configuram disciplinares na atualidade. Este é um momento fecundo na história e filosofia da Matemática e da Lógica, configurando-se como um divisor de águas para as teorias matemáticas, já que abre espaço para os Teoremas da Incompletude de Gödel e as lógicas não clássicas, possuindo também desdobramentos na Filosofia Contemporânea e que é de inquestionável valor nessa formação.

A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, pretendemos armar um debate entre Russell e Wittgenstein tendo como questão mestra a relação entre lógica e linguagem. Em especial, procuramos encontrar elementos em The Philosophy of Logical Atomism e no Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus para reconstruir a resposta que consta em cada uma das obras para as questões: qual o estatuto lógico da linguagem corrente? Qual a função do lógico enquanto tal? Em segundo lugar, pretendemos apresentar um jogo de cartas – o jogo da Figuração – que desenvolvemos ao longo da pesquisa e funciona como uma ilustração do Tractatus. Em função do jogo será possível compreender algumas das principais teses da obra. Em especial, o papel da teoria da figuração e a distinção entre dizer e mostrar como pilares da explicação tractariana para a questão sobre o funcionamento lógico da linguagem. Além disso, com base na semelhança entre o nosso jogo da figuração e a explicação de Wittgenstein para o funcionamento lógico da linguagem, apresentaremos uma série de razões que justificam o fracasso do projeto de Wittgenstein. Por fim, defenderemos a tese segundo a qual o nosso pensamento funciona com base em uma série de padrões lógicos distintos e não apenas um único padrão lógico (tal qual defendido no Tractatus). / The present dissertation has two goals. In the first place, we intend to construct a debate between Russell and Wittgenstein having the relation between logic and language as our master question. In particular, we seek to find elements in The Philosophy of Logical Atomism and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to reconstruct the answer in each of the works for the questions: what is the logical status of the current language? What is the role of the logician as such? Secondly, we intend to present a card game – the Picture game- that we developed throughout the research and functions as an illustration of the Tractatus. Based on the game we will be able to understand some of the main theses of the work. In particular, the role of picture theory and the distinction between saying and showing as pillars of the tractarian explanation for the question about the logical functioning of language. Moreover, on the basis of the similarity between our picture game and Wittgenstein's explanation for the logical functioning of language, we will present a number of reasons for the failure of Wittgenstein's project. Finally, we will defend the thesis that our thinking operates on the basis of a series of distinct logical patterns and not just a single logical pattern (as defended in the Tractatus).

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This work will explore the musical ideas and philosophy discussed by George Russell in his book “The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization” (2001). Through the lens of a performing musician, improviser and composer/arranger, it will explore how the ideas of unity (vertical) and duality (horizontal), interact with each other through Tonal Gravity, and how they can be practically implemented as tools used to expand the scope of vertical (harmonic) consciousness and individual expression. Through my studies of the LCC, I have composed new music, in addition to contextualizing familiar jazz repertoire, in new and refreshing ways. Russell describes the Lydian Chromatic scale and its eleven member scales, as well as three different coexistent levels of Tonal Gravity in his River Trip analogy (Vertical, Horizontal and Supra-Vertical), which together opens up both ingoing and outgoing tonal resources. I have been exploring ways of integrating these elements in my expression. George Russell’s 50 years of work on The Concept was explicitly made to inspire future innovators to develop “[…] intellectual brilliance, intuitive perception, emotional fire, and spiritual depth.” (Russell, 2001, p. 98). Studying the Concept has helped me find my own expression more believable. By avoiding mechanical playing and rather developing my ears and fluency on the instrument, it allows for harmonic color and expression to be felt and created, instead of prepared licks and patterns. / <p><strong>For my exam concert I chose to play my own compositions in a quartet with the following contributing musicians:</strong></p><p>Trumpet and compositions - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>Piano - Rasmus Mannervik</p><p>Double bass - Anton Berndts</p><p>Drums - Richard Andersson Rasheed</p><p>The concert took place at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm on the 26th of March 2024. The set list consisted of six pieces, some of which had seamless transitions in-between each other. Since we had rehearsed with an open approach, we went in to the performance with the same attitude of playing something new.</p><p><strong>Repertoire (with timestamps from the recording)</strong></p><p>1. [00:00:40 – 00:05:40] October March - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>2. [00:06:35 – 00:15:40] Reaching - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>3. [00:16:30 – 00:25:40] Acrimony - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>4. [00:25:40 – 00:36:32] Wheelez - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>5. [00:38:02 – 00:47:40] Acending, Decending - Øyvind Solheim</p><p>6. [00:49:29 – 00:58:47] Lam-ent - Øyvind Solheim</p>

This study arose as a result of a number of years spent in the southwestern portion of Virginia working with the people of this mountainous region, teaching their children, and observing their way of life. This experience made it seem desirable to study the factors which tend to favor, as well as those which retard progress toward desirable and worthwhile goals or life; if possible, to point to ways in which such progress might be promoted in this area, especially among rural populations. Thus three counties, Dickenson, Russell, and Wise, were chosen for intensive study, on the hypothesis that they were representative of the counties in the southern tip of Virginia and to some degree, of the entire Appalachian mountain range. / M.S.

Special Purpose acquisition company (SPAC) är ett skalbolag grundat av investerare med det enda syftet att samla kapital genom en börsintroduktion för att senare förvärva ett annat bolag. Tidigare empirisk forskning för SPAC har fokuserat på egenskaperna hos SPAC bolagen samt deras långsiktiga och kortsiktiga avkastning. Denna studie tar en kvantitativ ansats och syftar till att undersöka vilka underliggande makroekonomiska faktorer har bidragit till en ökning i antalet SPAC bolag. Detta undersöks genom en linjär regressionsanalys där studien undersöker korrelationen mellan olika variabler. Studien syftar även till att se om de underliggande makroekonomiska faktorer bakom ökningen av traditionella börsintroduktioner är detsamma som de bakom SPAC. All data för SPAC, makroekonomiska variabler och börsintroduktioner har samlats in genom olika databaser som Yahoo Finance och Nasdaq. Studiens resultat visar på att vissa makroekonomiska variabler som testats för en korrelation har en påverkan på antalet SPAC och börsintroduktioner medans vissa variabler inte bevisade någon påverkan. Variabeln som visade starkast korrelation med antalet SPAC är den generella marknadens avkastning där det är tydligt att om den generella marknaden är stark så är viljan att göra en börsnotering större Studien fann även att de makroekonomiska variabler bakom ökningen av antalet SPAC och vanliga börsnoteringar inte skiljer sig åt. / This paper is written in Swedish. A special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) is a shell company set up by investors with the sole purpose of raising money through an IPO to eventually acquire another company. Past empirical research on Special purpose acquisition companies has mostly focused on the characteristics of the SPACs and long term returns as well as the short term returns. This study takes a quantitative approach and aims to examine whether underlying macroeconomic factors have contributed to the increase in SPAC companies. This is done by a linear regression analysis that tests for correlations between different variables. The study also aims to see if the underlying macroeconomic factors behind the increase of traditional IPOs are the same as those behind SPACs. All data regarding SPACs, IPOs and the macroeconomic factors were collected from different databases and websites such as Yahoo finance and NASDAQ. The results from this study show that some of the macroeconomic factors which were tested for a correlation indeed have a positive impact on the number of SPACs and IPOs and some did not. The variable that showed the strongest correlation was the performance of the general market and it is clear that when the general market is strong the willingness to go public increases. The study also finds that the macroeconomic variables behind the increase in the number of SPACs and IPOs do not differ.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDM - Michaela C Schon.pdf: 1931458 bytes, checksum: 5cde0886ff87d5dafb588e52ab96ed50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper aimed the realization of a study concerning the philosophical epistemology of the concept of number, in which it still makes sense to ask: What is number? In this perspective, we have assumed as problematic the philosophical duality of the conceptualizations of numbers, according to Axiomatic (proposed by Peano) e by the Set Theory and Logics (proposed by Russell), being the Conceptualization of Number the problem of this research, concerning the possibility of introducing an ultimate definition to this concept. The focus of this research is in the polemics that exists about the number introduced by Russell (1872-1970) contrary to Piano s (1858-1932), taking as a basis Otte s criticism, introduced in the article: B. Russell Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy , 2001. The research was developed using, as a reference, the sense of Complementarity, as well as using proper qualitative methodological research procedures. As a conclusion, we are able to claim that numbers are: on one hand, characteristics of certain classes and, on the other hand, operative concepts. This way, the existence of polemics between philosophers like Frege and Russell, who have favored predicative aspects, that is, they define number in terms of cardinality and, others like Grassmann, Dedekind and Peano who have highlighted the ordinal numbers, justify Otto s proposition of complementarity between the approaches. The possibility of having cognitive and didactical consequences on the teaching in the use of one or another approach of conceptualization of the number or both, as Otte intends, makes this study a contribution to Mathematical Education / Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo sobre a epistemologia filosófica do conceito de número, na qual ainda faz sentido o questionamento: O que é número? Nesta perspectiva, assumiu-se como problemática a dualidade filosófica das conceituações de número, sustentadas pela Axiomática (proposta por Peano) e pela Teoria dos Conjuntos e Lógica (proposta por Russell), sendo o problema de pesquisa a Conceituação de Número frente a essa dualidade e à possibilidade de ser apresentada uma definição em definitivo ao conceito de número. O foco da presente pesquisa está na polêmica existente entre a concepção de número apresentada por Russell (1872-1970) contraposta à de Peano (1858-1932), tomando-se por base as críticas de Otte, apresentadas no artigo: B. Russell Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy , de 2001. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se tendo por referência a noção de Complementaridade, tendo sido utilizados procedimentos metodológicos adequados às pesquisas qualitativas. Como conclusão pode-se afirmar que os números são: por um lado, características de certas classes e, por outro, conceitos operativos. Deste modo, a existência da polêmica entre filósofos como Frege e Russell, que favoreceram os aspectos predicativos, isto é, definem os números em termos de cardinalidade e, outros como Grassmann, Dedekind e Peano que destacam os números ordinais, justifica a proposição de Otte da complementaridade entre as abordagens. A possibilidade de existirem conseqüências cognitivas e didáticas na utilização no ensino de uma ou outra abordagem da conceituação de número ou de ambas como pretende Otte torna, este estudo, uma contribuição para a Educação Matemática