Doctor of Philosophy / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Amber Vennum / The literature suggests that aggressive behaviors occur in response to provocation (i.e., reactive aggression) or to achieve a goal (i.e., instrumental aggression). Relational aggression –when an individual harms another’s interpersonal relationships – has been studied from the reactive and instrumental framework in peer-directed contexts, usually with children. However, relational aggression in romantic relationships is yet to be studied from this framework. This dissertation includes a series of studies investigating whether two specific relationally aggressive behaviors found in romantic relationships (i.e., social sabotage and love withdrawal) are 1) motivated by instrumental and reactive aggression, 2) associated with differential characteristics, and 3) predictive of negative outcomes. The Romantic Relational Aggression Motivation (RRAM) scale, which included social sabotage and love withdrawal items with both instrumental and reactive motivations, was created to explore the above research questions. During Study 1a, an exploratory factor analysis using a sample of 170 emerging adults tested the factor structure of the RRAM. This resulted in love withdrawal, but not social sabotage, factoring into instrumental and reactive subscales. Using the same sample at a later wave, Study 1b refined the RRAM from Study 1a; the findings confirmed the results of Study 1a. In Study 2, using a sample of 118 emerging adults, the factor structure found in Study 1b was corroborated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 found that social sabotage was more closely related to instrumental than reactive love withdrawal. Reactive and instrumental love withdrawal were clearly differentiated based on their associations with constructs that were emotionally driven (e.g. neuroticism and hostile attribution bias) but not by their associations with constructs that dealt with power (e.g. self-relationship power and trait dominance). None of the romantic relational aggression scales were predictive of the negative outcomes in the study, possibly due to the small sample size (85 emerging adults) in the longitudinal portion of Study 2. As instrumental and reactive love withdrawal were associated with different constructs and combining the two together may cause substantial differences to be lost, the RRAM may be a useful tool for researchers of romantic relational aggression.

This longitudinal study examined the relationship between husband and wife shame and husband and wife sexual satisfaction one year later with husband and wife relational aggression as mediating variables. The sample included 353 heterosexual married couples who participated in the Flourishing Families Research Project, a longitudinal study of daily family life. Results showed that husband and wife shame was negatively related with husband and wife sexual satisfaction, respectively. Husband love withdrawal was negatively related with both husband and wife sexual satisfaction, while wife love withdrawal was negatively related with only husband sexual satisfaction. Each partner's use of social sabotage was negatively related with their partner's sexual satisfaction. Research and clinical implications were discussed.

Relations among job stressors, leadership style, emotional reactions to work,counterproductive work behavior (CWB), and autonomy were investigated. Participants representing a wide variety of jobs were surveyed. Results indicate that transactional leadership style is related to negative emotions and occurrence of CWB. Relationships between variables were mediated by emotions.

156 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-27T17:00:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - João Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares.pdf: 1279111 bytes, checksum: a0308413e3bfd9e47f55f44c307154a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-27T17:05:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - João Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares.pdf: 1279111 bytes, checksum: a0308413e3bfd9e47f55f44c307154a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-27T17:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - João Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares.pdf: 1279111 bytes, checksum: a0308413e3bfd9e47f55f44c307154a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente trabalho situa-se no estudo dos fundamentos e amplitude da legitimação da Defensoria Pública na tutela jurisdicional dos direitos coletivos lato sensu (difusos, coletivos em sentido estrito e individuais homogêneos). Objetiva-se realizar uma investigação sobre os critérios para a aferição da legitimação coletiva do órgão assistencial numa perspectiva neoconstitucionalista, com base no princípio do acesso à justiça e no conceito de hipossuficiência organizacional. A partir de uma análise da dimensão constitucional do acesso à justiça e seus influxos no processo coletivo, aliada a uma investigação teórica e dogmática mais clara da legitimidade no processo coletivo brasileiro, pretende-se demonstrar a necessidade de se considerar a legitimação da Defensoria Pública sob um aspecto amplo, interpretando-se o termo “necessitados”, previsto na Constituição, de modo a incluir os mais variados grupos vulneráveis, sob o ponto de vista econômico, técnico e organizacional. Para tanto, é será necessária a importação fundamentada da experiência americana de aplicação do princípio do devido processo legal como fundamento para o controle judicial de adequação do representante nas class actions. / Salvador

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Junehee Kwon / Service sabotage refers to employees' deliberate actions that negatively affect service, functional quality, employee-customer rapport, and company performance. Almost all frontline employees in the hospitality industry have witnessed service sabotage behaviors, and 85% admitted to engaging in such misbehaviors. Despite the prevalence and profound impact of service sabotage, it has been a challenge for researchers to measure the construct and understand specific and contextualized restaurant service sabotage behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation was to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure restaurant service sabotage. A mixed methods research design was applied. A qualitative study was conducted to explore prevalent restaurant service sabotage behaviors and to generate an item pool for the initial scale, followed by two quantitative studies with two different groups of non-managerial frontline employees in full-service restaurants to refine and validate the scale. Guided by critical incident technique, 243 critical incidents were derived from the in-depth interviews (n = 26). Of those, 28 explicit types of restaurant service sabotage behaviors were identified and further categorized into three behavioral groups: targeting customers, colleagues, and restaurants. In conjunction with scale items extracted from related measures, an initial instrument consisting of 39 items was developed and administered to an online restaurant employee panel by hiring a professional research firm. A total of 419 usable responses were collected and analyzed using principal axis factoring with a promax rotation. Results revealed a 13-item scale with three dominant factors. To validate the scale, 463 usable responses were gathered for data analyses. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated a good model fit of the three-factor model, Chi-square/df=3.15, GFI=.96, CFI=.97, NFI=.95, and RMSEA=.07 while reducing the scale items from 13 to 10 and supporting the scale's dimensionality. Tests for validating construct validity were all fully supported. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were all greater than .70, showing internal consistency of the scale. This psychometrically valid and conceptually sound scale may be applied in future restaurant service sabotage research and may stimulate additional studies to advance the theory and explore the criterion network. Implications, limitations, and direction for future research are discussed.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att granska de argument och förväntningar som låg till grund för den lagändring som trädde i kraft i januari 2020 om sabotage mot blåljusverksamhet. Lagändringen innefattar ett stärkt straffrättsligt skydd för blåljusverksamhet som svar på att angrepp och hindrande av dessa verksamheter de senaste åren kommit att uppmärksammas som ett allvarligt samhällsproblem. Polis, räddningstjänst och ambulanssjukvård möts av en större hot och våldsbild som medför en utmaning för dem att arbeta i framför allt utsatta områden. Dessa områden präglas av vissa geografiska och sociala faktorer, där kriminella har en inverkan på lokalsamhället med en intern normöverföring som upprätthåller en alternativ ordning. Sabotage mot blåljusverksamhet grundar sig i en social oro och det har diskuterats huruvida straffrättsliga åtgärder verkligen kommer till bukt med problemen. Uppsatsen innehåller en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av regeringens proposition som låg till grund för lagen om sabotage mot blåljusverksamhet. Ur den kunde vi hitta olika teman på argument och urskilja vilka förväntningar som låg på lagen. Dessa satte vi i perspektiv utifrån situationell handlingsteori och i sin sociala kontext för att nå en djupare förståelse i vad de innebär. Vi fann att argumenten och förväntningarna inte främst rörde förebyggande av själva beteendet i sig, utan snarare om ett utökat straffrättsligt skydd för polis, räddningstjänst och ambulanssjukvård. Men även en slags markering för att de ska kunna upprätthålla en hög kvalitet i sitt samhällsviktiga uppdrag. Ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv fann vi att straffets avskräckande effekt endast får betydelse i viss utsträckning. Utifrån de sociala förklaringar som ligger bakom sabotagen fann vi att det livstids fängelsestraff som lagen om sabotage mot blåljusverksamhet innefattar bäst står i proportion till det argument vi fann gällande hot mot människors liv och hälsa. Vidare krävs det andra sociala åtgärder för att komplettera en sådan lag med. / The purpose of this paper was to review arguments and expectation leading to the law amendment that was executed in january 2020 about sabotage against rescue service activities. The law amendment holds a further protection for the rescue service activities as a response to increased violence and obstruction against them that has gained its attention the latter years as a severe social issue. The police, rescue and ambulance services are faced by increased threats and violence which entails difficulties for them in their services, especially in deprived areas. These areas are deviant in respect to some geographic and social factors, where criminals have an influence on the local society that maintains an alternative order with alternative norms. Sabotage against rescue service activities take roots in an social anxiety and it has been discussed whether criminal measures can be justified to solve the issues. This paper contains a qualitative analysis of the swedish government's proposal that was considered in respect of the amendment. We found that there where different themes of arguments and some certain expectations about the law. Taking these into a Situational Action Theory perspective and into a social context, to reach a deeper insight of their significance, we found that the arguments and expectations not only included preventional attempts but were mainly about a stronger protection for police, rescue and ambulance services. In addition, we found arguments about the need for justification to maintain a high quality in the societal important rescue service activities. From a theoretical perspective we found that the deterrence effect can only be limited. From a social perspective we found that the arguments most in proportion to lifetime sentence was those about a threat to people's life. Finally, we highlight the need of social actions as a complement to the law.

Although ample research has been conducted to explore employee emotional labor and customer incivility at the workplace, there is limited literature examining the role of surface acting in the stressor-strain relationships associated with customer incivility. The current study focuses on the mediating effect of surface acting between customer mistreatment-emotional exhaustion and customer mistreatment-service sabotage relationships. Based on several theoretical models regarding mental and emotional resources, including the Conservation of Resources Theory and Ego Depletion Theory, it is hypothesized that a significant mediating effect of surface acting can be identified in the customer mistreatment-emotional exhaustion and customer mistreatment-service sabotage relationships. A total of 173 UCF-affiliated participants with at least a month of service working experience were recruited from the UCF SONA system and surveyed their emotional stress and interaction with customers at work to test the hypotheses. The concept of service sabotage was studied at both the individual and environmental levels to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships. Deep acting as a different type of emotional labor was also inspected in the current study. Results revealed the significant relationships between surface acting and customer mistreatment, emotional exhaustion, as well as individual-level service sabotage. Results also supported the hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of surface acting on customer mistreatment predicting emotional exhaustion and individual-level service sabotage, but not environmental-level service sabotage. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, future research directions are discussed.

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The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among individual values, trait boredom, job boredom, job characteristics, and CWB. Job boredom and trait boredom were expected to be positively related to CWB. Individual values and job characteristics were expected to moderate the relationship between boredom and different types of CWB. Completed online questionnaires were received from 211 participants, and 112 co-worker matches also submitted online surveys. The Schwartz Value Survey, Job Descriptive Index, Job Boredom Scale, and Boredom Proneness Scale were used to assess independent variables. The Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist measured the dependent variable. Results were analyzed using correlation and moderated regression. Both trait boredom and job boredom showed large significant correlations with all forms of CWB. Additionally, co-worker reported job boredom showed significant correlations with some forms of CWB. Values showed small and mostly non-significant relationships with CWB and no moderating effects on the boredom/CWB relationship. Job characteristics showed relationships with some forms of CWB but did not interact with boredom in its effects on CWB. In general, moderating effects were not found in the relationships among boredom, values, job characteristics, and CWB. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.