Les antibiotiques sont des médicaments qui ont changé notre manière d’aborder les infections bactériennes et sont devenus l’un des symboles de la médecine moderne. Cependant leur utilisation massive a conduit à l'émergence de souches bactériennes multirésistantes. Ce problème est sans aucun doute un des grands défis que la médecine actuelle doit relever. Sachant que les bactéries évoluent à un rythme plus rapide que la production de nouveaux antibiotiques, il est urgent de trouver des approches alternatives. Il a été mis en évidence que ces mêmes bactéries sont capables de sécréter différents peptides antimicrobiens, ou bactériocines. Ces macromolécules présentent une grande diversité structurale et sont très efficaces pour combattre un grand nombre de souches pathogènes de façon spécifique. Les bactériocines ont un immense potentiel dans les domaines agroalimentaire et pharmaceutique. Notre projet s’intéresse aux bactériocines RumCs produites par une souche dérivée de Ruminococcus gnavus, une bactérie anaérobie stricte, membre dominant du microbiote intestinal humain. Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit concerne la mise au point d’un système d’expression et de maturation hétérologue chez E. coli de la bactériocine RumC1. La caractérisation biochimique du peptide RumC1 montre que les bactériocines RumCs appartiennent à la famille des sactipeptides pour laquelle l’étape de biosynthèse fait intervenir une enzyme radical-SAM. Les sactipeptides présentent dans leurs séquences peptidiques un ou plusieurs ponts thioéther entre une cystéine et le carbone alpha d’un acide aminé partenaire. RumC1 renferme 4 ponts thioéther ce qui lui confère une structure originale en double épingle à cheveux. L’activité biologique de RumC1 montre que ce peptide est efficace contre un large spectre de bactéries à Gram positif incluant des pathogènes résistants tels que S.aureus et E. faecalis. Dans ces études nous n’avons pas noté de toxicité significative de RumC1 sur différentes lignées cellulaires humaine ni observé de phénomène de résistance. Les travaux en cours visent notamment à définir le mode d’action de RumC1 et à évaluer l’activité biologique de RumC1 dans un contexte d’infection in vivo chez la souris. / Antibiotics are drugs that have changed the way we approach bacterial infections and have become one of the symbols of modern medicine. However, their widespread use has led to the emergence of multiresistant bacterial strains. This problem is undoubtedly one of the major challenges facing today's medicine. Knowing that bacteria evolve at a faster rate than the discovery of new antibiotics, it is urgent to find alternative approaches. It has been shown that these same bacteria are capable of secreting antimicrobial peptides, the bacteriocins. These macromolecules have a high structural diversity and are very effective in combating a large number of pathogenic strains in a specific way. Bacteriocins have immense potential in the agro-food and pharmaceutical sectors. Our project focuses on the bacteriocins RumCs produced by a strain derived from Ruminococcus gnavus, a strict anaerobic bacterium of the human intestinal microbiota. The work presented in this manuscript concerns the development of a heterologous expression and maturation system in E. coli of the bacteriocin RumC1. The biochemical characterization of the RumC1 peptide shows that the RumCs bacteriocins belong to the family of sactipeptides for which the biosynthesis step involves a radical-SAM enzyme. The sactipeptides have in their peptide sequences one or more thioether bridges between a cysteine and the alpha carbon of a partner amino acid. RumC1 contains 4 thioether bridges which gives it an original structure in double hairpin. The biological activity of RumC1 shows that this peptide is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria including resistant pathogens such as S.aureus and E. faecalis. In these studies, we did not note any significant toxicity of RumC1 on different human cell lines nor observed resistance phenomena. Current work aims to define the mode of action of RumC1 and to evaluate the biological activity of RumC1 in an in vivo context of infection in mice.

1 Thesis Abstract The present thesis explores six plays written by three (post)modern American playwrights - David Mamet's Sexual Perversity in Chicago and Oleanna, Sam Shepard's Buried Child and True West, and Suzan-Lori Parksʼ The America Play and Topdog/Underdog in order to define and analyze the functions of performative storytelling in the dramatic texts as well as its effects on the characters' identity. In Reading Narrative, J. Hillis Miller analyzes performative storytelling as a human shaped process that people use in order to translate events into meaning and meaning into shared information. Moreover, in Narrative as Performance, Marie Maclean demonstrates the importance of this device in recalibrating human memory and communication and in enriching the traditional mimetic process used in theatre. These ideas are closely followed in the aforementioned American plays through the lenses of the most prominent themes of the end of the twentieth century American theatre. Each of the three American writers uses performative storytelling to delineate socio-political themes. David Mamet comments on the artificiality of the American self, Sam Shepard speaks about the importance of familial past and relationships, whereas Suzan-Lori Parks describes the impact of major national narratives on the...

Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was used to analyze factors influencing habitat use by an endangered species, the red-cockaded woodpecker. The study area was the western part of the Raven Ranger District of the Sam Houston National Forest, Texas. The factors considered included both structural characteristics and spatial relationships among stands of trees in the habitat.

Syftet med Magisteruppsatsen har varit att använda data över SAM-index och faktorer i Det goda arbetet från Arbetsmiljöverket för att kunna identifiera om det indikerar samband mellan börsnoterade företags börsvärden och deras systematiska arbetsmiljöarbete år 2012. Magisteruppsatsen har varit avgränsad till 47 företag på den svenska börsen som har svarat på Arbetsmiljöverkets undersökning NU2012. Företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar har gåtts igenom för att eftersöka hur hållbarhetsarbetet genomförs.   Metoden i studien är en kvantitativ ansats där statistiska, kvantifierbara resultat eftersökts. Företagen har delats in i fyra grupper baserat på värdena de fått i undersökningarna: i) SAM-index och ii) faktorerna i Det goda arbetet.   Resultaten för SAM-index indikerar samband mellan företagens systematiska arbetsmiljöarbete och börsvärde år 2012. Viss indikation på samband kan man se för Det goda arbetet dock inte lika starkt. Vidare kan man för åren 2008-2011 (där det inte finns data för SAM-index och faktorer i Det goda arbetet) se att det finns tendens indikation till samband mellan företagens aktiepris, omsättning, antal anställda och arbetsmiljöarbete.   Huvudslutsats baserat på analyserna av de data om aktiepris och arbetsmiljöarbete i Sverige samt den litteraturstudie som ingått i studien, kan det konstateras att företag som har ett bra arbetsmiljöarbete tenderar att ha högre aktiepris och bättre börsutveckling än företag som har sämre arbetsmiljöarbete.   Nyckelord: Arbetsmiljö, SAM-index, Aktiepris, Kvalité, Kompetens, Produktivitet. / The aim of the study was to use SAM-index data and data on factors from the report Det Goda Arbetet from the Swedish Work Environment Authority and identify if there is any relation between listed companies' market values and their systematic work environment management. This master’s work is limited to Forty-seven companies on the Swedish stock market that responded to the Work Environment Authority survey NU2012.   The method in this study is a quantitative approach in which statistical, quantifiable results were sought. The companies that participated in the NU2012 survey was divided into three groups based on their results from: i) Work Environment SAM index data and ii) data on factors from the report Det Goda Arbetet.   Results from SAM- index data show a relation between companies’ systematic work environment management and market capitalization for the year 2012 while the results from Det Goda Arbetet show that scores for the highest average varies between the groups. Results for the years 2008-2011 (the year when we don`t have access to the baseline study) shows that there is a tendency for a relation between share price, turnover, number of employees and work environment for these years.   The main conclusion based on the analyzes of the data on the share price and the work environment in Sweden as well as the literature review included in the study, it is found that companies that have a good work Environment tend to have higher stock price and better stock market performance than companies with poor work environment management. Keywords: Work environment, SAM index, Stock price, Quality, Skills, Productivity.

For many enzymes to function correctly they must have the freedom to display a level of dynamics or communication during their catalytic cycle. The effects that protein dynamics and communication can have are wide ranging, from changes in substrate specificity or product profiles, to speed of reaction or switching activity on or off. This project investigates the protein dynamics and communication in two separate systems, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and a protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT). PRMT1, the enzyme responsible for 80% of arginine methylation in humans, has been implicated in a variety of disease states when functioning incorrectly. For this reason, much focus has been placed on better understanding how PRMT1 determines which products it creates and at what times. This project aims to shed light on how dynamics and communication within PRMT1 dictate its activity. We have to this point developed a protocol for creating and purifying a linked PRMT1 construct which will enable us to conduct the necessary experiments capable of answering our larger questions about the PRMT1 catalytic mechanism. Our collaborators in the Zhan lab discovered the presence of a methyltransferase (Mt) in the two NRPS systems they study, which produce two different and medically relevant compounds, bassianolide and beauvericin. The Hevel lab is well suited to study methyltransferases and so were asked to help evaluate the role of these Mt domains and how they affect the production of the relevant natural products. Achieving a more complete understanding of these systems will move us closer toward the “holy grail” of being able to manipulate and harness NRPS systems for the engineering of novel medically relevant compounds. This project has found that the Mt domain substrate specificity is affected by the surrounding protein domains, or even small portions of them.

The thesis aims to analyse Sam Selvon's fiction between 1950 and 1990 in relation to the colonial subjects' identity crisis. The thesis will argue that Selvon's fiction is independent of traditional and canonical categories because his representation of colonial subjects is entirely innovative and unprecedented. I will analyse Selvon's novels A Brighter Sun (1952), An Island is a World (1955), The Lonely Londoners (1956), The Housing Lark (1965), Moses Ascending (1975), and Moses Migrating (1983). Each novel sheds light on a different facet of the colonial subject. Nevertheless, colonisation, migration, and identity crisis are common themes for the novels chosen. From A Brighter Sun to Moses Migrating, Selvon destroys the caricatured image of the colonised subject. He reaches authenticity on the level of character depiction and through the vernacular, ballad-like narrative. Additionally, the novels represent different aspects of colonisation and migration: "back at home", "the motherland", and "back and forth". I will display how every aspect is fluid and undefinable. A Brighter Sun takes place in the West Indies. An Island is a World displays "back and forth" experience in the West Indies, USA, and Britain. The Lonely Londoners, The Housing Lark, and Moses Ascending take place in "the motherland"....

På Scanias chassimontering används mjukvaran AVIX för att skapa elementblad, positionsstandarder och balansera monteringslinorna. Tidssättningen sker för närvarande med stoppurmetoden, men en övergång till Scania Time Block (STB) är pågående. STB är en metod som redan har standardiserade tider för olika moment och används i stället för manuell tidtagning. Målet är att förstå hur Scania arbetar med AVIX och ES, analysera kompetenserna i AVIX och STB, samt tidssätta fler positioner med STB och förbättra processer och rutiner. STB bygger på MTM-SAM metoden och använder standardiserade koder för olika moment på ES. En utredning genomfördes på trycktanksförmonteringen för att undersöka tidsdifferensen mellan de olika metoderna och tidspress hos montörerna. Genom att använda STB kunde man få en objektiv och standardiserad tidsuppskattning för att producera en specifik variant. En intressant observation var att det fanns en tydlig avvikelse mellan de manuellt klockade tiderna och STB-tiderna. De manuella tiderna verkar inte ta hänsyn till specifika steg som operatörerna måste utföra. Baserat på analysen rekommenderas Scania att införa STB på alla produktionsanläggningar, särskilt för chassi, för att säkerställa att montörerna får en rättvis takttid som tar hänsyn till den faktiska tiden för varje moment. Detta skulle bidra till förbättrade processer och rutiner i produktionen. / Scania's chassis assembly utilizes the software AVIX to create bill of materials, position standards, and balance assembly lines. Currently, time measurement is done manually using stopwatch, but a transition to Scania Time Block (STB) is underway. STB is a method that already has standardized times for different tasks and replaces manual timing. The goal is to understand Scania's utilization of AVIX and ES, analyze the competencies in AVIX and STB, time more positions using STB, and improve processes and routines. STB is based on the MTM-SAM method and employs standardized codes for various tasks on the assembly line. An investigation was conducted on the pre-assembly of pressurized tanks to examine the time differences between the methods and the time pressure experienced by the assemblers. By utilizing STB, an objective and standardized time estimation for producing a specific variant could be obtained. An interesting observation was a clear deviation between the manually timed durations and the STB times. The manual timings seemed to overlook specific steps that operators must perform. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that Scania implement STB across all production facilities, particularly for chassis, to ensure fair cycle times that consider the actual time required for each task. This would contribute to improved processes and routines in the production line.

Säkerhet inom alla verksamhetens processer är en viktig del i organisationer för att de ska fungera långsiktigt. Människans välmående och hälsa är grundläggande för att ett företag ska kunna bedriva en fungerande verksamhet. Trots detta kan organisationer göra felaktiga beslut inom säkerhet baserat på deras tolkning av risker (Robinson et al., 2013). Dödsfall och skador inom process- och tillverkningsindustrin har minskat avsevärt under de tre senaste decennierna. Enligt Arbetsmiljöverket (2021) har antalet arbetsolyckor utan sjukfrånvaro haft en relativt stabil ökning på den svenska arbetsplatsen från år 1980 - 2021 bland både kvinnor och män. Detta kan indikera på att säkerhet på arbetsplatsen är ett område som är i behov av mer undersökning och utveckling.  Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka risker för arbetsplatsolyckor och säkerhetshantering i ett tillverkande företag samt ge förbättringsförslag för en hälsosammare arbetsmiljö. Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod i form av intervjuer, observation och en enkätundersökning. Resultatet jämfördes med relevant teori om säkerhetshantering. Denna studie avgränsas till Duro Svenska Tapetmästare och företagets produktion som innefattar färgproduktion, tapettillverkning och beskärning av tapetrullar.  Duros nuvarande riskhantering och säkerhetsarbete är i form av skyddsronder som innebär att samtliga aktiviteter och utrymmen kontinuerligt inspekteras för att identifiera risker. Duros säkerhetshantering visade sig ha brister i flera områden inom produktionen vilket framkom från FMEA-analysen, intervjuerna, enkäten samt observationen. Bristerna inkluderade körning av maskiner, räcke vid gångramp och ventilation. Därutöver identifierades det ergonomiska brister, otillräckliga skyddsronder samt avsaknad av säkerhets- och miljöpolicy.  Studien kom fram till att det finns flera hinder för att öka säkerheten på arbetsplatsen. Det identifierades ett gap inom säkerhetshanteringen eftersom företagets ledning, beslutsfattare och medarbetare anser att säkerhetsarbetet är tillräckligt trots att vår undersökning påvisar att den inte är det. Denna uppfattning utgör ett hinder för vidare utveckling av säkerheten och gäller även ledningens uppfattning av medarbetarna. Vidare har studien identifierat centrala nyckelfaktorer som företag bör ta i beaktande. Riskbedömningsmetoder som FMEA och JHA bidrar med en överblick över företagets arbetsprocesser och produktion eftersom dessa metoder inkluderar riskbedömning i produktionens samtliga aktiviteter. Detta kan kombineras med fler riskhanteringsverktyg som i sin tur ger möjlighet till att identifiera, utvärdera och åtgärda risker för en säkrare arbetsmiljö. / Safety within all business processes is an important part of organizations in order for them to function in the long term. Human wellbeing and health are fundamental for a company to be able to run a functioning business. Despite this, organizations can make wrong decisions in safety based on their interpretation of risks (Robinson et al., 2013). Fatalities and injuries in the process and manufacturing industries have decreased significantly over the past three decades. According to the Swedish Working Environment Agency (2021), the number of occupational accidents without sick absence has had a relatively stable increase in the Swedish workplace from 1980 - 2021 among both women and men. This may indicate that workplace safety is an area in need of more research and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risks of workplace accidents and safety management in a manufacturing company and to provide suggestions for improvement for a healthier working environment. The study was carried out through a qualitative and quantitative method in the form of interviews, observation and a survey. The result was compared with relevant theory on safety management. This study is limited to Duro Svenska Tapetmästare and the company's production, which includes paint production, wallpaper production and trimming of wallpaper rolls. Duro's current risk management and safety work is in the form of safety rounds, which means that all activities and spaces are continuously inspected to identify risks. Duro's safety management was found to have deficiencies in several areas within the production, which emerged from the FMEA analysis, the interviews, the survey and the observation. Deficiencies included running machinery, handrails at walkways and ventilation. In addition, ergonomic deficiencies, insufficient security rounds and a lack of safety and environmental policy were identified. The study concluded that there are several obstacles to increasing safety in the workplace. A research gap in safety management was identified because the company's management, decision-makers and employees believe that the safety work is sufficient even though our study shows that it is not. This perception constitutes an obstacle to further development of safety and also applies to the management's perception of the employees. Furthermore, the study has identified key factors that companies should take into account. Risk assessment methods such as FMEA and JHA contribute with an overview of the company's work processes and production because these methods include risk assessment in all production activities. This can be combined with more risk management tools which in turn provide the opportunity to identify, evaluate and remedy risks for a safer work environment.

Gene editing techniques have been emerging rapidly through the years, and with this trend comes the great responsibility of making sure the edits are correct. One way to safeguard against mistakes in the edits is to measure gene editing efficiency. Countagen’s GeneAbacus does just that, it calculates the gene editing efficiency of CRISPR edits. A key aspect of the GeneAbacus workflow involves quantifying DNA microballs captured in fluorescence microscopy images. This thesis delves into novel image analysis pipelines aimed at optimizing this task. Six image processing techniques (Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), white top hat transform, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE), edge enhancement filter, Gaussian Blur, and unsharp masking) along with two object segmentation models (Segment Anything (SAM) and SAM for Microscopy (MicroSAM)) were implemented. They underwent evaluation in two stages: first, through an ablation study of the preprocessing techniques, and then by computing R2 values and log-log plot slopes on different datasets. The evaluation resulted in the selection of MicroSAM with white top hat transform, Gaussian blur and unsharp masking, yielding an average slope value of 0.698 and an average R2 value of 0.8724. / Genredigeringstekniker har vuxit fram snabbt genom åren, och med denna trend följer det stora ansvaret att se till att redigeringarna är korrekta. Ett sätt att skydda sig mot misstag i redigeringarna är att mäta effektiviteten i genredigering. Countagens GeneAbacus gör just det, den beräknar genredigeringseffektiviteten för CRISPR-redigeringar. En nyckelaspekt av GeneAbacus arbetsflöde involverar kvantifiering av DNA-mikrobollar som fångats i fluorescensmikroskopibilder. Detta examensarbete fördjupar sig i nya bildanalyspipelines som syftar till att optimera denna uppgift. Sex bildbehandlingstekniker (Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), white top hat transform, CLAHE, edge enhancement filter, Gaussian Blur och osharp maskning) tillsammans med två objektsegmenteringsmodeller (Segment Anything (SAM) och SAM for Microscopy (MicroSAM)) implementerades. De genomgick utvärdering i två steg: först genom en ablationsstudie av förbehandlingsteknikerna och sedan genom att beräkna R2 värden och log-log-plottlutningar på olika datamängder. Utvärderingen resulterade i valet av MicroSAM med en white top hat transform, Gaussian Blur och osharp maskning, vilket gav ett genomsnittligt lutningvärde på 0,698 och ett genomsnittligt värde på R2 på 0,8724.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper focuses on the development of the Surface-to-Air Missile Federation (SAM Fed), a Test and Evaluation (T&E) High Level Architecture (HLA) federation. The SAM Fed evolved from a legacy constructive real time/post mission hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) simulation. The process to transition from a standalone simulation to a distributed HLA federation as well as the problems experienced and lessons learned will be presented. This paper will also discuss the merit of standardizing internal federate interfaces to facilitate reuse.