Have you ever heard a song that hasn’t played in years, and immediately recognize it? What cognitive processes determine this, and why does it seemingly happen to everyone? Using the Expectancy Theory of Music (Meyer, 1965) a working explanation for the possibility of why such strange phenomena exists is proposed. Based on expectancy, words and melody are processed together, and sung words are treated as part of the expected whole. In three experiments, memory was tested using same- different task. Each experiments investigates a different level of memory. Taking into account systematic uncertainty and the violation of expectancy when an unexpected appears, these experiments were able to be analyzed and studied in regards to their effects on memory. College students from the Claremont Colleges are to be randomly selected for this experiment. Findings should show a consistent interaction between melody and vocal sequences throughout each experiment.

The primary theme of the thesis is "paternity determination", an interesting part of private law. The goal of the thesis was to find juridical legislation that could be applied by legal institutions in the Czech Republic, and have been neither legally controlled nor properly spoken through. Also the thesis deals with surrogate motherhood institutes, same-sex parenthood, baby hatches and paternity determination of children, made by assisted reproduction. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are divided further into sub-chapters. Following the introduction, the primary terms of parental difficulties, paternity determination and the term family are explored. The second chapter discusses motherhood institutes. It speaks primarily of surrogate motherhood's challenges, including other countries' attitude to this topic. The following chapter is about fatherhood determination, containing the juridical legislative analysis of the problem in the Czech law. The fourth chapter expands on the issues of same sex couple parenthood, and the forms of family coexistence. These issues are described in great detail from both the view of Czech law, and also as a global issue. The last chapter discusses the issues of baby hatches, and legislation regarding anonymity for those who utilize them in the Czech...

The topic of this thesis is the legislation of cohabitation outside of marriage. The thesis focuses on the treatment of registered partnership in the Czech legal system and its equivalent in the French legal system - Pacte Civile de Solidarité. The thesis describes the historical development and current legal regulation of this issue, discussing the terms of formation of the partnership, the rights and obligations arising from this partnership and circumstances of termination of the partnerships in both Czech and French legislation. In the conclusion, both legislations are compared.

This thesis analyses social worker’s assessments of appropriate same-sex parenthood in the case of second-parent adoption in Sweden to thereby investigate the governmentality directed toward same-sex parents and how this governing practise normalises certain discourses on parenthood. The material consists of interviews with social workers conducting second-parent adoptions, which have been analysed through a discourse analysis deploying theoretical frameworks on governmentality, heteronormativity and family theory. The thesis has provided a deeper understanding of the effects of normative discourses on the exercise of public authority in the case of second-parent adoption. Great differences have been found among which criteria are used to condition same-sex parenthood and the impact of social workers own perceptions of suitable parenthood and the purpose of the assessment process.

Cette thèse vise à comprendre l’absentéisme des femmes et des hommes dans un métier mixte. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur la manière dont un métier devenu progressivement mixte peut générer des inégalités de santé entre les femmes et les hommes en raison de son organisation du travail, de son évolution économique ainsi que de ses éléments relatifs au contexte psychosocial. Pour faire cela, nous avons étudié les causes de l’absentéisme différencié des facteurs et des factrices. Afin de comprendre cet écart, nous avons mobilisé des techniques d’observations, d’entretiens, d’enquêtes emploi du temps et de diagnostic photo pour mettre en exergue les expositions auxquelles les femmes peuvent être confrontées dans un métier mixte. Nos résultats nous amènent à identifier plusieurs causes permettant d’expliquer cet absentéisme différencié : une organisation du travail pensée sur des normes masculines en raison d’un héritage historique, une évolution de l’activité en partie liée à la baisse du courrier et à la hausse des colis qui peut être plus défavorable pour les femmes, un matériel conçu sur des normes masculines qui n’est pas complètement adaptés aux femmes et un rapport au travail différent pour les femmes et les hommes. Cette thèse met en évidence le fait que la prise en compte de la variable sexe pour comprendre le travail des femmes permet d’améliorer les conditions de travail de tout le monde. De nombreux éléments ont pu en outre être révélés grâce à la prise en compte de cette variable. / The objective of this thesis is to understand men and women absenteeism in the same profession. We questioned how same jobs can potentially generate inequalities in health conditions between men and women due to work organization, economic development and the psychosocial context. To do this, we have studied the causes of absenteeism of post-men and post-women. In order to understand this difference, we used different methods to highlight exposures that women may face in the same job : field observations and interviews, photographic diagnosis and time-use surveys. These different methods show some elements which may explain the different occupational health outcomes of women compared to the same job than men do : work organization built around male norms due to historic heritage, a declining physical mail volumes and increase in packages which can be unfavorable for women, working materials were conceived on male norms are not adapted to women and relationship to work was different for men and women. This thesis revealed that taking care of gender in order to understand women’s work allows to improve work conditions for everyone. Numerous elements have been highlighted in order to taking gender into account.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joelma Higa.pdf: 1026430 bytes, checksum: bb9f321f5901f0d290aaf018ddfd02a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / This research investigates heterosexual and homosexual marriages in old age. We hypothesized that keep actions invisible protagonists conjugalities strengthens the homogenization and generalization attributes of individuals, increasing prejudice and stereotypical thinking that ignores the dignity and rights of the elderly. The aim is capture the diversity in marriages in old age by mapping profile with the collection of data from IBGE and understand the speech of subjects through a TV show and a movie that address.In the long run, the study may contribute to programs of social policies that consider sexual diversity. The research followed the quantitative and qualitative methods, in view that you want to analyze the data collected, crossing with the discourses of the subject, to enable closer to the reality of those who experience this situation / Esta pesquisa procura investigar uniões conjugais heterossexuais e homoafetivas, na velhice. Temos como hipótese que manter invisíveis ações protagonistas de conjugalidades fortalece a homogeneização e a generalização de atributos dos indivíduos, aumentando os preconceitos e o pensar estereotipado que ignora a dignidade e os direitos dos idosos. O objetivo é apreender a diversidade nas uniões conjugais na velhice por meio de mapeamento do perfil, com a coleta de dados do IBGE e compreender os discursos dos sujeitos, por meio de um programa de TV e de um filme que abordam o tema. A longo prazo, o estudo poderá contribuir com programas de políticas sociais que consideram a diversidade sexual. A pesquisa seguiu o método quantiqualitativo, tendo em vista que se pretende analisar os dados coletados, cruzando com os discursos dos sujeitos, para possibilitar maior aproximação à realidade daqueles que vivenciam a referida situação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giselli de Almeida Tamarozzi.pdf: 5973954 bytes, checksum: 763b337c30d8d4c6e656c04ce10fcf0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-20 / This thesis had as its main objective to identify the dimensions of the identity of the family consisted by same-sex couples, and the emotional links that permeate such unions. It also sought to know the available legal supports for these unions, which are fundamental to guarantee the social rights and coexistence. Another goal was to provide greater visibility of family identity of those couples, and contribute to the professionals in the area of social services and related to expansion of knowledge on identity and its dynamics of daily life. The thesis is justified by the needs to deepen knowledge on the socio-emotional relationships generated from the stable union in the same sex couple and to reflect on the identity of family that forms this union, highlighting the importance of keeping the pressure up for legal supports. The research was conducted through non-structured free interviews, guided by some guiding questions, conducted together with the couples, through the methodology of the Oral History. Noted that the unions are stable by emotional links, revealing that the issues that founded the family identity is overlap the law. The construction of the family identity is consisted in the daily life events and the families values and legacy, which also appear to be the odd importance. The recognition of these couples as a family impetus for political positioning, showing their wish to do not live in anonymity, by contrast, expecting the society has a new and different look at the relationships between same-sex couples / A presente tese teve como objetivo principal identificar as dimensões da identidade de família constituída por casais do mesmo sexo, bem como os vínculos afetivos que permeiam tais uniões. Buscou também conhecer os amparos legais disponíveis para estas uniões, os quais são fundamentais para garantir direitos e a convivência social. Outro objetivo foi propiciar maior visibilidade à identidade de família desses casais, e contribuir com os profissionais da área de serviço social e afins para ampliação de conhecimento sobre sua identidade e suas dinâmicas de vida cotidiana. A tese justificou-se pela necessidade de se aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as relações sócio-afetivas geradas a partir da união estável entre casais do mesmo sexo e refletir sobre a identidade de família que se constitui nestas uniões, evidenciando a importância ainda premente de luta por amparos legais. A pesquisa foi efetuada através de entrevistas livres, não-estruturadas, orientadas por algumas questões norteadoras, realizadas junto aos casais, através da metodologia da História Oral. Constatou-se que as uniões estáveis se dão a partir de persistentes vínculos afetivos, revelando que os aspectos que fundam a identidade familiar se sobrepõem aos jurídicos. A construção da identidade de família se faz nas ocorrências da vida cotidiana e está referida aos valores herdados das famílias de origem, as quais também se apresentaram com importância ímpar. O reconhecimento destes casais enquanto família os impulsiona para posicionamentos políticos, evidenciando que não desejam viver no anonimato, ao contrário, esperam que a sociedade tenha um novo e diferenciado olhar sobre as relações entre casais do mesmo sexo

Due to social stigma, millions of sexual minorities have concealed their true sexual identities by entering into heterosexual relationships and marriages. Eventually, some transition to same-sex relationships and are able to live authentic lives. This latter group had identified as genuinely heterosexual, never questioning their sexuality until a particular time in their lives when same-sex desires spontaneously appeared. The experiences of transitioning from heterosexual to same-sex partners are not well known, particularly for women who have been legally married to both men and women. Diamond's dynamical systems theory for same-sex sexuality and McCarn and Fassinger's lesbian identity formation model provided the theoretical framework for this qualitative narrative study investigating the life stories of 15 female participants recruited from social media, who had experienced a transition from heterosexual marriage to same-sex marriage. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and data were coded and analyzed to identify emergent categories. The findings revealed that the women experienced shifts in private and public sexual identities over time. Despite external obstacles and personal concerns in transitioning from heterosexual to same-sex relationships, all the women had more positive experiences in their same-sex marriages than they did in their heterosexual marriages. Understanding these women's life stories will allow mental health professionals to better understand and address the needs of this population in more clinical and applied settings. This study will also help educate the general public about women who experience shifts in the desired gender of their relationship.

Doctor of Philosophy / Research has shown that the school-based experiences of same-sex attracted (SSA) young people are frequently less than ideal, often fraught with verbal and physical harassment and social isolation from peers. School-based victimisation of SSA students has been correlated with their negative mental health outcomes, drug and alcohol use, decreased academic outcomes and lowered tertiary aspirations. These outcomes raise issues related to duty of care for educators, including the general responsibility of schools to create safe, equitable learning environments for all of their students. In order to better meet the needs of SSA students in Australia’s secondary schools, this nationwide study examined the current school climate toward same-sex attraction as described by SSA young people aged 14-19 through their reported experiences and perceptions of environmental stresses and supports, using Margaret Spencer’s PVEST model as the theoretical framework. A web-based survey instrument, advertised through both mainstream and lesbian/gay/bisexual-orientated youth sources, was used to sample Australian SSA students (N = 282). The relationships between SSA students’ perceptions of their school climate (including the treatment of SSA students and topics), their sense of connection to their school community, and their reported academic self-concept and motivation toward learning were investigated using bivariate and multivariate techniques, including structural equation modelling. In-depth interview sessions were conducted with six SSA young people in order to further examine these findings. Results indicated that SSA students’ perceptions of their school climate were directly related to their sense of safety within the school environment, their social connection to their peers and teachers, and their feelings of connectedness to the school environment in general. SSA students’ connection to their teachers and their school environment had the strongest total impact on their academic self-concept and motivation to learn. Of key import was the clear indirect impact of SSA students’ perceptions of their school climate on both of these important academic outcomes, through their connection to both their school community and general school environment. These findings allow for the generation of informed recommendations for school policy and practice with the academic outcomes of Australia’s SSA students in mind.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law