Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

De nombreux auteurs ont mis en évidence les transformations spectaculaires des grandes villes états-uniennes par la ségrégation et la gentrification au cours du dernier demi siècle. Pour abondants qu'ils soient, ces travaux se sont développés de manière très autonome et ils ont rarement tenté de saisir les liens entre ces processus. Ce mémoire contribue à pallier cette carence : il appréhende en même temps la ségrégation et la gentrification en analysant la manière dont elles sont reflétées, vécues, produites et remaniées par les citadins états-uniens, à l'échelle du quartier. Je reviens d'abord sur le moment charnière que mon premier séjour dans la baie de San Francisco a représenté dans l'élaboration de cette recherche. Je m'intéresse ensuite à la manière dont la ségrégation puis la gentrification ont affecté certains quartiers et leurs habitants : au regard des théories produites par les sciences sociales pour rendre compte de ces processus, j'examine les expériences quotidiennes des habitants de différents quartiers ségrégués et gentrifiés de San Francisco. Il s'agit ainsi de saisir l'importance des territoires dans la construction des expériences citadines, et inversement, de révéler le rôle des habitants et de leurs stratégies dans la production de ces quartiers contrastés. Enfin, j'interroge la place et le rôle des enfants dans ces territoires, non seulement parce qu'ils sont porteurs des stratégies et des manières d'habiter de leurs parents, mais aussi parce qu'ils sont des citadins légitimes en soi. Au bout du compte apparaît la grande complexité de ces processus urbains, des territoires qui en résultent, et des rapports au quartier de leurs habitants.

A series of resonant column and torsional shear (RCTS) and large scale resonant column (LSRC) tests were performed to investigate the dynamic properties (shear modulus and material damping ratio) of municipal solid waste (MSW). the MSW materials were recovered from the Tri-Cities landfill adjacent to the San Francisco Bay in California. A total of 30 specimens 2.8-in. (71.1-mm) and 6.0-in. (152.4-mm) of old, fresh, and mixed MSW were reconstituted in accordance with established sample preparation procedures. Ten of specimens were small-diameter (2.8-in. (71.1-mm)) RCTS specimen and 20 specimens were larger (6.0-in. (152.4-mm)) LSRC specimens. Dynamic laboratory measurements were performed in the linear and nonlinear strain ranges. Test parameters affecting the dynamic properties in the linear range included: (1) duration of confinement, (2) isotropic total confining pressure, [sigma]o, (3) excitation frequency, f, and (4) specimen size. Other test parameters affecting dynamic properties in the nonlinear strain range were: (1) shearing strain amplitude, [gamma], (2) isotropic total confining pressure, (3) overconsolidation ratio, (4) number of loading cycles, and (5) excitation frequency. In addition, the effects on dynamic properties of MSW specimens of material parameters such as (1) waste composition, (2) water content, (3) unit weight of waste, and (4) particle size were evaluated. The total unit weights of old, fresh, and mixed MSW specimens were estimated during testing in the RCTS and LSRC devices. These estimated total unit weights in the laboratory were compared with those measured at other MSW landfills and were found to generally be less than the field measurements. At a given [sigma]o, Gmax decreases with decreasing weight percentage of soil-size (passing the 3/4-in. (19.1-mm) sieve) material. However, Dmin increases slightly with decreasing weight percentage of soil-size material. Another relationship was developed between estimated total unit weight, [gamma]t, and confining pressure, including weigh percentage of soil-size material. The Vs profiles of old, fresh, and mixed MSW specimens obtained in the laboratory tests were compared with those measured at other MSW landfills in situ. The 62 to 76% soil-size material groups are in good agreement with in-situ Vs profiles. The variation in normalized shear modulus and material damping ratio curves were patterned after the Darendeli model (2001) for different weight percentages of soilsize material. An empirical relationship between normalized shear modulus (G/Gmax) and modified material damping ratio (D-Dmin) was developed in the nonlinear strain range. As part of collaborative research project, nonlinear shear modulus reduction and material damping curves generated by The University of Texas at Austin (UT) and The University of California at Berkeley (UCB) were compared according to different weight percentages of soil-size material. Furthermore, nonlinear shear modulus reduction and material damping ratio curves generated by UT were also compared with ones previously proposed by other researchers.

Ce travail porte sur les dynamiques de coopération municipale dans les agglomérations de Los Angeles et San Francisco. Ces dynamiques de coopération renvoient à un mouvement plus général, qualifié de nouveau régionalisme, qui affecte l'ensemble des métropoles étatsuniennes, soumises à la fois à la pression de la compétition économique mondiale et à des transformations morphologique profondes. Ces dynamiques dépendent également des logiques de construction du maillage territorial et résultent d'un double rapport de force : d'une part, entre les élites tirant profit de la valorisation foncière de la ville et les opposants à l'urbanisation, et d'autre part, entre les partisans de l'autonomie locale et les promoteurs des nombreuses tentatives d'intégration régionale qui ont marqué l'histoire des deux principales agglomérations californiennes. Ce travail montre ainsi qu'à de nombreux égards, les manifestations du nouveau régionalisme peuvent être interprétées comme une adaptation des coalitions de croissance aux mutations récentes des agglomérations. Il met également en évidence l'existence de plusieurs courants constitutifs du régionalisme qui renvoient à des systèmes de valeurs, des objectifs et des modes opératoires distincts, et qui recouvrent des échelons territoriaux différents. Parfois en contradiction, les organisations inspirées de ces différents courants semblent néanmoins s'articuler pour proposer une forme de leadership régional original.

Many San Francisco residents who have achieved new wealth from the expansion of the technology industry are paying record high prices for homes. But the city is landlocked and has a limited housing supply. I study the impact of the technology boom on the increase of housing prices in the city and the outflow of the middle class, by analyzing housing supply and demand, regulations, neighboring towns, home ownership, and housing price potential solutions. I find that the increase in technology jobs creates an employment multiplier effect, decrease in housing supply, increased competition and all-cash offers, and income inequality. Policymakers and activist neighborhood groups need to focus on continually increasing housing supply through dense development incentives and legalizing in-law units.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87).

x, 200 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This study examines the interaction between two anarchist support groups for the homeless, Food Not Bombs and Homes Not Jails, and the city of San Francisco between 1988 and 1995. Food Not Bombs provides free meals in public spaces and protests government and corporate policies that harm the poor and homeless. Homes Not Jails is a sister group of Food Not Bombs that opens up unused houses and government buildings to provide housing for homeless residents. During the period 1988-1995, two mayors, progressive Art Agnos (1988-1991) and conservative Frank Jordan (1992-1995), mass-arrested members of Food Not Bombs for distributing food in city parks without a permit, handing out over 1,000 arrest and citations to members of the group in that eight year period. While squatting would seem to be a graver offense than distributing free food, Homes Not Jails was treated far more leniently by city officials during the Jordan administrations. I trace the difference in treatment of the two groups to the fact that Food Not Bombs engages in anarchist direct action in public space, while Homes Not Jails does so in private residences. The public nature of Food Not Bombs made them a visible threat to order to both Agnos and Jordan and one they had to confront and stop. While both mayoral administrations persecuted Food Not Bombs, they treated the organization in different ways, which derived from different conceptions of the cause of homelessness. Agnos saw homelessness as a result of structural inequalities and economic conditions and viewed state welfare programs as the only way to address the problem. In response to Food Not Bombs he tried to incorporate them into the broader charity apparatus of the state, and when that failed he used the police to force them into "negotiated management" with the city Jordan saw homelessness as a criminal and public safety problem and wanted to use the police to clean and reclaim the city for wealthier residents and tourists. Jordan saw Food Not Bombs as a threat to public order and tried to use his police force to exclude the group from public space. / Committee in charge: Gerald Berk, Chairperson, Political Science; Joseph Lowndes, Member, Political Science; Deborah Baumgold, Member, Political Science; Michael Dreiling, Outside Member, Sociology

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IgorLS_DISSERT_1-56.pdf: 6696609 bytes, checksum: 685f86728cf2eeeaadf617dc5cc05993 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / A grande pluralidade cultural existente no Estado de Sergipe pode ser percebida atrav?s da variedade de produ??es artesanais que acontecem principalmente nos seus munic?pios, abrangendo um grande n?mero de pessoas que fazem dela uma atividade geradora de economia. O presente trabalho trata da problem?tica da produ??o da cer?mica artesanal do munic?pio de Santana do S?o Francisco, considerado como o maior produtor de cer?mica do estado. Sob o ponto de vista antropol?gico, o trabalho apresenta relatos de vida e detalhes da sobreviv?ncia do of?cio, herdados atrav?s das gera??es, bem como as ferramentas e alternativas encontradas pela comunidade e suas adapta??es e transforma??es como forma de conserva??o da tradi??o do saber fazer

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work notices the transformations occurred in rural areas of the sub-médio San Francisco River and it analyses the development of irrigated agricultural perimeters since the implementation of public projects of irrigation in the region by Codevasf. Those public projects focus on the process of transference of management to small farmers and the factors that interfere in these processes. Some difficulties arise from the relationship Codevasf and small farmer workers. To solve them, reference was taken from the proposal of work of emancipation programs elaborated by the Ministério da Integração Nacional that guides the work done by Codevasf. In this study, we try to comprehend the complexity of practices of different actors involved in the relationship between those parties and their effects in the internal dynamism of irrigated perimeters. We made reference on how this process is done in the access to the land in Brazil since the first occupations up to the present moment and the importance of the role of the Lei de Irrigação. Also, the vital role of the San Francisco River was observed when the implementation of public policies in the agricultural development of the San Francisco Valley through programs of settlement of small farm workers in irrigated areas. It was tried to understand the web that involves the irrigated perimeters. The principal part of the analyses was done in the Maniçoba Project in Juazeiro Bahia for it is the perimeter where most of the time was spent on professional practices. Codevasf still works in a paternal way in relation to the farmers and political interference is still done which creates a dependence from the part of the producers and their organizations. To reverse this situation, it is necessary that Codevasf take the decision to set itself apart from the management of the irrigated perimeters and it should put into practice the needed actions to overcome obstacles that have put the effectiveness of its emancipation in order to make agricultural workers responsible for their own acts. / Este trabalho observa as transformações ocorridas no espaço rural do submédio São Francisco e o desenvolvimento da agricultura, com a implantação dos projetos públicos de irrigação, implantados e administrados pela Codevasf. Enfoca o processo de transferência de gestão da Codevasf para os pequenos produtores (emancipação), levando em consideração os fatores que interferem no referido processo. É tomada como referência a proposta de trabalho dos programas de emancipação, preconizados pelo Ministério da Integração Nacional que orienta os trabalhos da Codevasf. Neste estudo, vem à luz, a complexidade das práticas dos atores (Codevasf/Pequenos Produtores), envolvidos nesta trama de relações e os efeitos delas na dinâmica interna dos perímetros. Trata também de como se realiza o processo de acesso à terra no Brasil, reportando-se às primeiras ocupações na história (posse e colonização) até o acesso à terra nos perímetros públicos irrigados e do papel determinante da lei de irrigação na operacionalização dos programas de irrigação. Ressalta a importância do Rio São Francisco na implantação de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento da região e para o crescimento agrícola do vale sanfranciscano, através de programas de assentamento de pequenos produtores em áreas irrigadas. São evidenciados os impactos das políticas públicas de irrigação e seus efeitos sobre os pequenos produtores dos perímetros irrigados, no município de Juazeiro-BA. A análise de documentos oficiais, depoimentos de técnicos, observações in loco, os contatos diretos com os produtores são instrumentos para compreensão da problemática que envolve os perímetros de irrigação. A ênfase maior da análise centra-se no Projeto Maniçoba, em Juazeiro-BA, por ter sido o perímetro onde foi vivenciado o maior tempo da prática profissional da autora. Constata-se que a forma de atuação da Codevasf é ainda bastante paternalista em relação aos produtores e que as ingerências políticas têm gerado um comportamento dependente tanto dos produtores, quanto de suas organizações. Conclui-se daí que para reverter a situação evidenciada, a Codevasf deve tomar a decisão de afastar-se da gestão dos perímetros, colocar em prática ações necessárias para superação dos obstáculos que têm dificultado a efetivação da emancipação, deixando que os produtores se responsabilizem por seus atos.

The construction of big electrical power dams on the São Francisco river channel have led to changes in its hydrological system and altered its discharge and sediment s transport behaviour, and then generating some environmental impacts and potencialized others. The accelerated bank erosion is considered one of the most harmful ones leading to application of various of alternatives in order to control it and consequently the channel sedimentation. This research was developed in order to monitor bank erosion process in the right margin of the Low San Francisco River, during January 2004 until February 2005, in four different sites located from Propriá to the river estuary, studying the possible causes and also the riprap efficiency in order to control the river bank erosion. The pegs methods was used to measure erosion rate and to describe it the profiling method was used in four different sites (A, B, C and D). Water Level Indicators in three of the studied sections was installed in order to study the subterranean waters flux on the river banks. The annual rates of bank erosion was 2,06 meter to site A, 4,06 meter to site B, 4,35 meter to site C and 10,03 meter to site D. They are lower numbers then was recorded in previous years, explained by the redesign of the bank morphology promoted by the occurenc of January 2004 flood, which promotes an apparent stabilization of the erosion process. The variation of erosion among the sites was related to the localization, soil texture, the bank height climate and hydrological features, also wind speed, monthly amplitude waves near the edge and the hydraulic flux from soil to the river. The behavior of riprap constructed in order to control the erosion is efficient in the most of locals they were implanted, although they could collapse in the future because of lack of studies related to the river morphological changes near them. These data can subsidy public decisions in order to minimize the environment negative impacts caused by unsustainable natural resources uses in the San Francisco River Basin. / A implantação de grandes projetos hidrelétricos na Bacia do Rio São Francisco tem provocado modificações no regime hídrico e alterado o comportamento de descarga e transporte da carga sólida do rio, e, assim, gerado impactos ambientais ou potencializado outros. A acelerada erosão marginal é considerada uma das mais graves alterações ambientais nesta bacia hidrográfica e tem levado à implementação de várias alternativas para o seu controle e do conseqüente assoreamento. Este estudo teve como objetivos monitorar as taxas de recuo da margem direita do rio São Francisco, no período de janeiro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005, em quatro seções localizadas no trecho entre o município de Propriá e a foz do rio, estudar as causas do processo e verificar a eficiência dos enrocamentos implantados no controle da erosão no trecho em estudo. Para quantificação das taxas de erosão foi utilizado o Método das Estacas e para descrição do processo erosivo atuante na margem o Método das Perfilagens Sucessivas em quatro diferentes seções (A, B, C e D). As seções foram instrumentadas com Indicadores de Nível D água INAs, para o estudo da interação das águas superficiais e subterrâneas na interface dos taludes marginais. O recuo do topo do talude, nas seções estudadas foram de 2,06 m na seção A, 4,06 m na seção B, 4,35 m na seção C e 10,03 m na seção D. São números bem inferiores em relação aos anos anteriores, explicados pelo retaludamento promovido pelas cheias de janeiro de 2004, que temporariamente promoveram uma desaceleração do processo. A variação das taxas de erosão aconteceu em função da localização das seções, da composição granulométrica do material que compõe a face dos taludes, da altura dos barrancos, da pequena variação mensal da cota do nível d água, da ação dos ventos e conseqüente formação de ondas, da velocidade do fluxo próximo à margem e devido ao sentido do fluxo hidráulico nos taludes, do solo para o rio. Os enrocamentos têm evitado o avanço do processo erosivo na maioria dos pontos em que foram implantados. Porém, poderá haver um futuro colapso da estrutura, em conseqüência do solapamento de sua base devido ao impacto das ondas. Os dados obtidos servirão para subsidiar decisões voltadas para o planejamento e gestão ambiental da região que busquem minimizar os impactos ambientais negativos resultantes das políticas públicas de utilização dos recursos hídricos da Bacia do Rio São Francisco.