This dissertation works to create a clearer understanding of sustainability in water policy. Current water policy in four US cities was compared to a matrix of recommended sustainability themes that have been presented in the literature to determine the extent of which these themes have been implemented into water policy. To best analyze policy for sustainability it is necessary to look at the policy of cities that are considered sustainable. This was determined by a city’s inclusion in “Most Sustainable US Cities” lists. The two cities that best represented sustainability were Austin, TX and San Francisco, CA. The research also included cities that are not considered leaders in sustainability but are similar in demographics, population, and state; these two cities are Fort Worth, TX and San Jose, CA. Finally, the same matrix was applied to the state policy to establish how state policy influences city sustainability. The results of this study add to the current knowledge in this field as it contributes a current analysis of sustainable water policy. The final findings compile the themes into a sustainability pyramid framework of common, uncommon, and rare sustainability. It appears that the ‘sustainable’ cities have included more uncommon and rare themes than the traditional cities, while common themes are implemented across the board. Common themes are those that are traditionally associated with sustainability – themes like conservation, reuse, and reducing pollutant impact on water sources. In order increase sustainability, cities should apply more of the themes from the top of the pyramid.

The watershed of São Francisco River has suffered drastic degradation processes, with emphasis on the environmental damages created in the lower São Francisco. The river estuary has very extended mangrove areas threatened by human actions such as shrimp farming and the removal of timber to be used in construction. The characteristics of mangrove areas at the mouth of the river have not been enough studied mostly from changes occurred in the last two decades. The structural behavior of mangrove forests is a response to environmental conditions and greater structural development is related to subsidies of rainfall and tidal near the equatorial zones, under the influence of the intense convective activity of the intertropical convergence zone. This zone, in general, includes latitudes between 10 ° and 15 ° from the Equator. The structure of the forest is defined based on various parameters, such as species composition, diameter at breast height (1.30 m substrate), height, basal area, density, spatial distribution and distribution by class of diameter, and spatial patterns of species distribution. Significant amount of nutrients can return to the soil through the decomposition of leaves, stems, fruits, flowers and animal remains and fecal material, components that defines litterfall or litter, and is a parameter frequently used to evaluate the ecosystems productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural behavior of the mangrove litter production and estuarine river San Francisco. / A Bacia Hidrográfica do São Francisco vem sofrendo processos de degradação, merecendo destaque o passivo ambiental criado no seu baixo curso. Uma extensa área de manguezal da região estuarina do São Francisco destaca-se por apresentar áreas constantemente ameaçadas por ações antrópicas como a carcinicultura assim como a retirada de madeira para utilização na construção de habitações. A especificidade das características das áreas desse manguezal ainda não foi suficientemente estudada, principalmente a partir das alterações ocorridas no baixo curso do rio nas duas últimas décadas. O comportamento estrutural dos bosques de mangue é uma resposta às condições ambientais existentes, e estes ecossistemas atingem maior desenvolvimento estrutural onde são grandes os subsídios das chuvas e das marés próximas às zonas equatoriais, que estão sob influência da intensa atividade convectiva da zona intertropical de convergência. Essa zona, de forma geral, compreende latitudes com limite máximo entre 10° e 15° a partir do Equador. A estrutura do bosque é definida em função de diversos parâmetros, cabendo destaque para composição de espécies, o diâmetro à altura do peito (1,30 m do substrato), altura, área basal, densidade, distribuição espacial e distribuição por classe diamétrica, e padrões de distribuição espacial das espécies componentes da floresta. Significativa quantidade de nutrientes pode retornar ao solo por meio da decomposição das folhas, caules, frutos, flores, bem como restos de animais e material fecal, componentes que formam a serapilheira ou litter, sendo este um parâmetro freqüentemente usado para avaliação da produtividade de ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento estrutural do manguezal e a produção de serapilheira na região estuarina do rio São Francisco.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 231-237. / by Mark David Abkowitz. / Ph.D.

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The purpose or this paper. is to show that the decline in the Volume of tonnage handled by the Port of San Francisco from 1931 to 1952 is chiefly attributable to the tremendous economic growth of California since 1940. Other economic, as well as non-economic causes of this decline which are in the investigator's opinion, significant enough to warrant consideration, will be analyzed.

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El archivo musical del convento de San Francisco de Lima es uno de los pocos repositorios histórico-musicales peruanos que han llegado a nuestros días. Es rico en documentación musical que data principalmente del siglo XIX y e inicios del XX, un período poco estudiado de nuestra historia musical. Esta investigación se propone ofrecer, como parte de un esfuerzo de catalogación de más largo aliento, un inventario completo de los expedientes musicales reconstituidos, ya que su actual estado de suma fragmentación ha sido un impedimento para su adecuada descripción, acceso y estudio. Nuestras observaciones, obtenidas a través de la progresiva familiarización con los documentos y su lectura crítica como parte del proceso de catalogación, justifican la reevaluación tanto de la importancia del espacio conventual en la vida musical de la Lima decimonónica, como de la práctica catalográfica como un ejercicio eminentemente reflexivo e interpretativo. / The music archive of the friary of Saint Francis in Lima is one of a few extant Peruvian historical music repositories. It is rich in music documents dating mainly from the 19th and early 20th centuries, an understudied era of our musical history. This research aims to provide, as part of a broader cataloguing effort, a thorough inventory of the reconstituted musical files, since their current state of high fragmentation has been an obstacle for their proper description, retrieval and study. Our findings, obtained through a progressive acquaintance with the documents and their critical reading as part of the cataloguing process, prompt for the reassessment both of the importance of the conventual space for the music life in 19th century Lima, and of cataloguing as a an eminently reflexive and interpretative entreprise. / Tesis

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Este trabalho em Geografia Urbana enfoca a produção de ilhas de alto padrão de moradia na metrópole paulistana. Trata-se do estudo dos casos do Parque dos Príncipes e da Vila São Francisco; lugares caracterizados por significativo processo de segregação socioespacial voluntária: loteamentos destinados às frações de classe social com elevado poder aquisitivo, cercados por muros. Objetiva-se identificar os principais agentes responsáveis pela produção do espaço urbano nos lugares estudados; analisar suas atuações e entender, no espaço e no tempo, as causas da escolha da sub-região oeste da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), para a implantação desse tipo de modelo habitacional. Para tanto, considerou-se o espaço como um sistema indissociável de objetos e de ações (SANTOS, 2003), o espaço urbano como fragmentado, articulado e conflituoso (CORRÊA, 2003), bem como a metrópole paulistana como sendo corporativa e fragmentada (SANTOS,1990). Como resultado final foi possível a identificação dos proprietários fundiários (Família Matarazzo e outros), dos promotores e incorporadores imobiliários (Camargo Corrêa, Gafisa, Godoi, Rodobens, Setin), do Estado e das associações de moradores (APRPP, ARPPO, ACCSF, SACSF), como principais agentes produtores da atual configuração dos lugares investigados. Todos se organizam Cada um a sua maneira, ora conflitando ora concordando entre si e corroboram para a produção da lógica da metrópole corporativa, inclusive com remoção de favelas e privatização de espaços públicos via fechamento de ruas e uso exclusivo de praças e parques. / This urban geography research focuses on the production of islands of high standard of housing in the metropolis of São Paulo. it is the study of cases of Princes Park and the village of San Francisco; places characterized by a significant process of voluntary spatial segregation; allotments, surrounded by walls, made for people with social standard and high purchasing power, surrounded by walls.The purpose is to identify the main causative agent witch is responsible for the production of the urban space at the specified places; analyze their actions and understand, at space and in time, the reasons for choosing the western sub-region of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MASP) to implement this type of housing model. For the development of this idea, we considered the space as an indivisible system of objects and actions (Santos, 2003), urban space as fragmented, articulated and confrontational (Corrêa, 2003, as well as the São Paulo metropolis corporate and fragmented (SANTOS, 1990).As the final result, it was possible the identification of landowners (Matarazzo family and other), promoters and real property developers (Camargo Corrêa, Gafisa Godoi, Rodobens Setin) the State the neighborhood association (APRPP, ARPPO, ACCSF, SACSF) as major cause of the current situation at the studied places. All are organized - Each one in your on way, sometimes conflicting, sometimes agreeing with each other - corroborate to the production of the metropolitan corporate logic, including slum clearance and the privatization of public spaces closing streets and making exclusive the use of the squares and parks.

The major transit systems operating in San Francisco are San Francisco Municipal (MUNI), Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), and Caltrain. The system of interest for this paper is MUNI, in particular the bus and light rail systems. During the past decade transit ridership in the area has experienced diverging growth, with bus ridership declining while rail ridership is growing significantly (Erhardt et al. 2017). Our data show that between 2009 and 2016, MUNI rail ridership increases from 146,000 to 171,400, while MUNI bus ridership decreases from 520,000 to 450,000. Direct ridership models (DRMs) are used to determine what factors are influencing MUNI light rail and bus ridership. The DRMs predict ridership fairly well, within 10% of the observed change. However, the assumption of no multi-collinearity is voided. Variables, such as employment and housing density, are found to be collinear. Fixed-effects panel models are used to combat the multi-collinearity issue. Fixed-effects panel models assign an intercept to every stop, so that any spatial correlation is removed. A transportation network company, Uber and Lyft, variable is introduced (TNC) to the panel models, to quantify the effect they have on MUNI bus and light rail ridership. The addition of a TNC variable and elimination of multi-collinearity helps the panel models predict ridership better than the daily and time-of-day DRMs, both within 5% of the observed change. TNCs are found to complement MUNI light rail and compete with MUNI buses. TNCs contributed to a 7% growth in light rail ridership and a 10% decline in bus ridership. These findings suggest that the relationship TNCs have with transit is complex and that the modes cannot be lumped together.