The presented work focuses on controlling and its place in the enterprise management of Intertell spol. s r. o. The thesis is devided into theoretical and practical part. In the first theoretical part the terms of controlling, the controller are defined and there are types of controlling according to the business activities defined there too. The chapter also includes selected tools and methods of controlling. In the practical part there is the Intertell spol. s r. o. company description given which is followed by a subsequent analysis carried out of the external and internal environment of the company. In the course of the text the production activities of the enterprise are being described. Subsequently, the author conducts the analysis of current controlling management of the enterprise and the findings are summarized in the conclusion chapter. In the proposal part, the author recommends improvements in management of the enterprise by the introduction of the internal accounting, proposes to monitor the profitability of individual projects and also recommends an increase in the number controllers in the enterprise.

In the current study, SAPs of cationic monomer [2 - (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride have been prepared by free radical solution polymerisation with different crosslinkers. They were subjected to repeated cycles of swelling and de-swelling in DI water and NaCl solution. The conductivity of the swelling medium was measured and related to the swelling/de-swelling characteristics of the SAPs. The swelling capacity was also determined in saline solution. The swelling and de-swelling processes were described by first-order kinetics. The SAPs exhibited varied swelling capacity for crosslinkers of the same functionality as well as different functionality. The SAPs were used to adsorb, the dye Orange G at different initial concentrations of the dye. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The SAPs were also used to adsorb three other dyes, Congo red, Amido black and Alizarin cyanine green. They exhibited different adsorption capacity for different dyes. The adsorption phenomenon was found to follow first order kinetics. In the later part of the study, the co-monomers of [2 - (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride with zwitter-ionic monomers [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide and [3-(Methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide inner salt were prepared in turns at two different concentrations. The effect of the addition of the zwitter-ionic monomers and their concentration of the swelling capacity and dye adsorption capacity was studied. There was no effect on the swelling capacity of the polymers due to either the species of the zwitter-ionic monomer or their concentration. However, there was a reduction in soluble content of the polymers. The dye adsorption capacity decreased at the higher concentration of the zwitter-ionic monomer.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2979.pdf: 2470713 bytes, checksum: cb66cbd2392299db2bc5224246b85d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Many companies which adopted ERP systems in the past are frequently reluctant tostart new projects to upgrade the technology to newer versions. The decision is difficult due to thelong time of the project, the amount of financial investments and internal workforcerequired for the job, which are usually similar to the original ERP implementation. This work has asproposal a research and analisys of the apparently large demand of resources necessary to upgradethe versions of ERP R/3 systems. Firstly, a review in literature is made to present the arquitecture,characteristics and concepts of modules and funcionalities of these ERPs systems. It is alsoincluded the study of the life cicle of ERPs systems and its interfaces with legacy systems. Insequence, the versions upgrade subject is explored, where this author suggests that upgrade ofversions gives new life to ERPs systems and discuss how the suppliers share the ERP´s market andfinally explore the kinds of upgrades available for these systems. After these studies, twoquestionnaires are made to obtain data. This research is a Unique Case study type and has asobjective to describe the behavior of critic factors of implementation during an upgrade of ERPsystems, verifying if the demands are justified. / As empresas que necessitam fazer atualizações em seus sistemas ERP SAP R/3questionam os tempos, os valores e a utilização dos recursos humanos e estruturais solicitados parafazer estas atualizações. As demandas necessárias se aproximam aos de uma implementação. Estetrabalho tem como proposta a pesquisa e análise das dificuldades para atualizar as versões dosistema ERP R/3 da SAP. Inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica é feita para dimensionar aabrangência dos sistemas ERPs e apresentar um referencial teórico de conceitos sobre os sistemas degestão empresarial; sobre a arquitetura e as características dos sistemas ERPs; sobre os conceitos demódulos e funcionalidades que estão diretamente relacionados a estes sistemas; sobre a evolução eciclo de vida destes sistemas; sobre a integração que estes sistemas têm com os sistemas legados. Nasequência é explorado o assunto atualização de versão, onde o autor sugere que as atualizações deversões dão sobrevida aos sistemas ERPs; a participação do mercado dos fornecedores de sistemasERPs; e as formas utilizadas para se atualizar o sistema ERP R/3 da SAP. Com base na pesquisa enos assuntos explorados são gerados os instrumentos de coleta de dados. Para execução destetrabalho realizou-se um estudo de caso único com objetivos descritivos visando analisar se algunsdos fatores críticos de implementação de sistemas ERPs se comportam da mesma forma naatualização de versão, justificando as demandas.

No description available.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la complexité croissante des systèmes de production et de leur commande a rendu crucial le besoin d’utiliser les méthodes formelles pour faire face aux problèmes relatifs au contrôle, à la fiabilité, au diagnostic des fautes et à l’utilisation optimale des ressources dans les installations de production. Cela concerne en particulier les systèmes automatisés de production (SAP), caractérisés par des cycles technologiques complexes qui doivent s’adapter à des conditions changeantes. Les SAP modernes sont des sous-systèmes interconnectés tels que des machines à commande numérique, des stations d'assemblage , des véhicules guidés automatisés (AGV), des cellules robotisées, des convoyeurs et des systèmes de contrôle par ordinateur. Les fabricants utilisent des machines automatisées et des contrôleurs pour assurer des produits de qualité plus rapidement et plus efficacement. Aussi, ces systèmes automatisés peuvent fournir des informations essentielles pour aider les gestionnaires à prendre les bonnes décisions. Cependant, en raison de la grande flexibilité des SAP, des défaillances telles qu’un mauvais assemblage ou le dépôt d’une pièce dans un tampon inapproprié peuvent se produire lors du fonctionnement du système. De tels dysfonctionnements diminuent la productivité du système générant ainsi des pertes économiques et des effets perturbateurs sur le système. En conséquence, le problème de l’optimisation des performances des SAP est impératif.Cette thèse se focalise sur l’évaluation et l’optimisation des performances des systèmes de production automatisés via le modèle des réseaux de Pétri temporisés. / In the last decades, there has been a constant increase in the awareness of company management about the importance of formal techniques in industrial settings to address problems related to monitoring and reliability, fault diagnosis, and optimal use of resources, during the management of plants. Of particular relevance in this setting are the so-called Automated Manufacturing Systems (AMSs), which are characterized by complex technological cycles that must adapt to changing demands. Modern AMSs are interconnected subsystems such as numerically controlled machines, assembly stations, automated guided vehicles, robots, conveyors and computer control systems. Manufacturers are using automated machines and controls to produce quality products faster and more efficiently. Meanwhile, these automated systems can provide critical information to help managers make good business decisions. However, due to the high flexibility of AMSs, failures such as a wrong assembly or a part put in a wrong buffer may happen during the operation of the system. Such failures may decrease the productivity of the system which has an economical consequence and can cause a series of disturbing issues. As a result, the performance optimization in AMSs are imperative. This thesis focuses on the performance evaluation and performance optimization of automated manufacturing systems using timed Petri nets models.

Orientadores: Marcos Pereira Marinho Aidar, Rafael Silva Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosado_BrunoHenriquePimentel_D.pdf: 5546425 bytes, checksum: c44175517f96f35f31d721d7439b5cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O entendimento de como espécies de plantas utilizam água, requer a caracterização dos fatores que afetam o fluxo de água no contínuo solo-planta-atmosfera (SPA). Desta forma, esta tese reúne trabalhos nos quais investiguei como variações no uso de água de espécies arbóreas na Floresta Atlântica estão relacionadas a atributos morfológicos, grau de exposição da copa (EC) e à variação de fatores abióticos em função da altitude na Mata Atlântica. As altitudes estudadas, 100 e 1000 metros de altitude acima do nível do mar, correspondem às Florestas Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas (FODTB) e Montana (FODM). A maior radiação solar (RS) e demanda evaporativa do ar (DPV) associada à menor pressão atmosférica na FODM favoreceriam uma maior transpiração, criando situações de maior vulnerabilidade à variação na disponibilidade hídrica. No entanto, não se pode descartar que mesmo espécies que co-ocorrem em um mesmo ambiente podem apresentar diferentes capacidades de regular o uso de água devido ao papel de atributos morfofisiológicos sobre o SPA. Foram estudados alguns dos componentes do contínuo SPA tais como a densidade de comprimento de raízes finas (DCR) e repelência hídrica foliar (RHF), além de medidas diretas de fluxo de água do xilema. Variações em atributos funcionais e seu reflexo no uso de água das espécies se deram em função da EC e da variação dos fatores abióticos conforme aumento da altitude. Maiores DCR e RHF na FODM; regulação da transpiração noturna na FODM além de menores condutâncias totais associadas a atributos morfológicos indicaram ajustes associados ao uso da água. Estes resultados trazem novas contribuições para o entendimento do funcionamento de floresta tropicais chuvosas ao evidenciar que luz e nutrientes não podem ser considerados como os únicos fatores limitantes destes ambientes / Abstract: Understanding how different plant species and / or functional types use water requires characterization of the factors that affect the continuous soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA). This thesis presents a number of studies in which I investigated how changes in water use of tree species in the Atlantic Forest are related to morphological attributes, crown exposure (CE) and the variation of abiotic factors as a function of altitude in the Atlantic. The altitudes studied, 100 and 1000 meters above sea level, correspond to the lowland ombrophilous dense forest (LODF) and Montane (MODF). Potentially, the higher solar radiation, higher vapor pressure déficit and lower atmospheric pressure at the MODF, would drive higher transpiration rates leading to higher vulnerability to variation in water availability in comparison to the LODF. However, we can not disregard that even co-occurring species may show different abilities to regulate water use due to the role of morpho-physiological traits on the SPA. Were studied components that are part of the continuum SPA such as fine root length density (RLD), which indicates efficiency water absorption, leaf water repellency (LWR) and wood density, besides measurements of sap flow. Variations in functional attributes and its reflection on water use species that have were associated to CE and the variation of abiotic factors according to altitude. Higher RLD and LWR at the MODF; regulation of nighttime transpiration at the MODF and trend of lower total conductance in relation to the LODF indicate adjustments associated with the water use. These results provide important contributions to understanding tropical rain forest functioning and indicate that light and nutrients can not be considered as the only limiting factors at these environments / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Raiane Ferreira de Miranda - 2017.pdf: 9029827 bytes, checksum: 6b8f8f4ddaa3080a5d3e06d7971b47da (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / The souari nut tree, native of the Brazilian Savannah, presents adaptation to the dry season and to poor soils. However, it is believed that in conditions of absence of water deficit and good soil fertility, the plant can develop better than in natural conditions, making commercial cultivation possible. Thus, the present study had as objective to evaluate the water relations and the growth of the souari nut trees in function of irrigation and organic fertilization. For this, 120 souari nut trees (from the 6 to the 8 year-old), spaced at 5.0 x 5.0 m were used in a randomized block experiment with six blocks and 16 plants per block, where four Treatments (IA: Irrigated and fertilizated, IN: Irrigated and no-fertilizated, SA: no-irrigated and fertilizated, SN: no-irrigated and no-fertilizated) in the scheme of subdivided plots. In Nov / 2014 the fertilization was of 12.5 kg of organic composting and 1.0 kg of Yorim, and in Nov / 2015, 5 kg of bovine manure and 2.5 kg of chicken manure per plant. The irrigation system used was a microsprinkler with a emitter per plant (Pressure = 10 mca, q = 43 L h-1, wet radius = 2 m), whereby, during the dry season, an average of 116.95 and 92,24 L plant-1 day-1 were applied in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Water relations evaluation consisted of foliar temperature monitoring (nov/2015 to jun/2016) and transpiration by means of sap flow density (out/2015 to may/2016) in irrigated and non-irrigated plants. As growth variables, the height and perimeter of the stem were evaluated monthly, crown area and root density at 6.5 and 7.1 year-old, respectively. The results showed that when irrigated the leaf temperature of the plant remains below the mean air temperature, regardless of the dry or rainy period, while without irrigation the plant presents in water deficit during the dry season. In dry conditions the mean perspiration of the souari nut tree is 24.09 L plant-1 day-1 and if irrigated on average 42.29 L plant-1 day-1. In spite of water supply and fertilization, the plant does not respond in growth in terms of height and stem perimeter. On the other hand, irrigation influences the canopy area, providing trees with larger canopy areas. When irrigated the souari nut tree presents distance and effective depth of the root system (80%) up to 2.00 m, and in dry conditions the roots are horizontally closer to the plant up to 1.60 m, in depth also concentrate up to 2,00m. / O pequizeiro, nativo do bioma Cerrado, apresenta adaptação à estação seca e a solos pobres. Entretanto, acredita-se que em condições de ausência do déficit hídrico e boa fertilidade do solo, a planta pode se desenvolver melhor que em condições naturais viabilizando seu cultivo comercial. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as relações hídricas e o crescimento do pequizeiro em função da irrigação e adubação orgânica. Para isso, foram utilizadas 96 plantas de pequi (do 6º. ao 8º. ano de idade), espaçadas a 5,0 x 5,0 m em experimento conduzido em blocos ao acaso com seis blocos e 16 plantas por bloco, onde foram avaliados quatro tratamentos (I.A.: Irrigação com adubação, I.N.: Irrigação sem adubação, S.A.: Sem irrigação e com adubação e S.N.: Sem irrigação e sem adubação) no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Em Nov/2014 a adubação consistiu de 2,5 kg de material de compostagem e 1,0 kg de Yorim, e em nov/2015 foram aplicados 5 kg de esterco bovino curtido e 2,5 kg de cama de frango por planta. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi microaspersão, com um microaspersor por planta (Pressão =10 mca, q = 43 L h-1, raio molhado = 2 m), pelo qual foram aplicados, no período de estiagem, em média 116,95 e 92,24 L planta-1 dia-1 em 2015 e 2016, respectivamente. A avaliação das relações hídricas consistiu no monitoramento da temperatura foliar (nov/2015 a jun/2016) e a transpiração por meio da densidade do fluxo de seiva (out/2015 a mai/2016) nas plantas irrigada e não irrigada. Como variáveis de crescimento avaliou-se a altura e perímetro do caule mensalmente, área da copa e densidade de raízes aos 6,5 e 7,1 anos de idade do pomar, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que quando irrigada a temperatura foliar da planta mantém-se abaixo da temperatura média do ar, independentemente do período seco ou chuvoso, enquanto que sem irrigação a planta apresenta-se em déficit hídrico durante a estação seca. Em condições de sequeiro a transpiração média do pequizeiro é de 24,09 L planta-1 dia-1 e se irrigada em média 42,29 L planta-1 dia-1. A despeito do fornecimento de água e adubação, a planta não responde em crescimento em termos de altura e perímetro do caule. Por outro lado, a irrigação influencia na área da copa, proporcionando árvores com áreas de copas maiores. Quando irrigado o pequi apresenta distância e profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular (80%) até 2,00 m, e em condição de sequeiro as raízes apresentam-se horizontalmente mais próximas à planta até 1,60 m e em profundidade concentram-se igualmente, até 2,00m.

The purpose of the essay is to examine the Swedish Social Democrats (SAP) and its relation to the EU. The specific area of interest is the SAP in its relation to the process of the constitutional/reform treaty. The process period researched in this essay stretches from 2000-april 2008. The research question is, How has the SAP evolved in relation to the EU during the time period 2000 till 2008 and are there signs of external EU pressure changing the party behaviour or position? This case study has the methodological approach of a qualitative text analysis. The concept of Europeanization makes it possible to construct an analytical framework which measures possible impact from the EU on domestic political parties. This impact is measured in three different areas, first if the party is adapting its internal structure to ease its engagement with the EU, secondly if the party is adapting its policy because of the EU and thirdly in the area of patterns of party competition. With the analytical framework drawn from the concept of Europeanization it is possible to point at indicators that are signs of EU-impact. The SAP seems to have both a practical adaptation and a policy adaptation but it still remains somewhat EU-sceptical in the area of patterns of party competition. The conclusion is that there are quite massive amounts of evidence of possible EU-pressure on the SAP.

With the proliferation of Internet, ERP systems like all the domains of Information Technology have known an important evolution. This final thesis project is a study about the evolution of ERP systems, more precisely about their migration to the Web giving birth to a new generation of systems: the Web-Based or Web-enabled ERP systems. This migration to the Web is justified by the difficulty of making possible the communication between partner’s legacy systems and the organizations’ ERP systems. A historical evolution of these systems is presented in order to understand the reasons that lead vendors to adopt the Web Service Technology. Based on different studies, the main technologies such as Web services, Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Application server are also presented. From an interpretative research approach mySAP ERP has been chosen as a case study. This Master’s thesis has been led into AIRBUS France Company within the framework of the SAP Customer Competence Center (SAPCCC) Web site project. The project is aimed at re-building the SAPCCC Web site. The new characteristic of the Web site is to make it accessible by all AIRBUS partners working with SAP applications. To make the Web site accessible by the partners from their own applications located on their own platforms the development has been done thanks to mySAP ERP which is an ERP using the Web service technology. Finally, this thesis presents a comparative study between traditional ERP systems and the new generation of Web-based ERP systems.

Les bactéries rhizosphériques stimulatrices de croissance (PGPR) du genre Azospirillum sont utilisées commercialement pour leur capacité à stimuler la croissance et à augmenter le rendement des céréales via une relation associative complexe et peu comprise. L'objectif de cette étude a été d'utiliser les outils modernes de la métabolomique pour caractériser les mécanismes biochimiques activés par la souche A. lipoferum CRT1 chez son hôte, le maïs.L'analyse des contenus phytochimiques des racines, feuilles et sève ascendante a suggéré pour la première fois l'importance de la communication racine-feuille et des sucres simples dans l’augmentation de croissance et du potentiel de conversion photochimique de jeunes plantules par A. lipoferum CRT1. Une analyse transcriptomique a révélé un impact modéré au niveau des racines et des modifications de nombreux nœuds régulateurs des processus biologiques cellulaires des feuilles, dont ceux contrôlés par les auxines et l’acide abscissique. Des essais agronomiques conduits deux années consécutives sur quatre sites ont indiqué que l'augmentation de rendement par A. lipoferum CRT1 dérivait d’une sécurisation de la germination lors de stress environnementaux précoces et non de modifications des métabolomes (dont ceux liés à la nutrition azotée et phosphorée), de la croissance et du potentiel photosynthétique des plantules, des modifications qui étaient par contre liées aux contextes pédo-climatiques. La sécurisation de la germination était due à une accélération de la sortie de la radicule et de la consommation des sucres simples, et molécules apparentées, de la graine / Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the genus Azospirillum are used commercially for their capacity to stimulate the growth and enhance the yield of cereal crops via an intricate, complex and poorly understood associative relationship. The aim of this study was to use modern metabolomics tools to decipher the biochemical mechanisms activated by A. lipoferum CRT1 in its maize host.The analysis of the phytochemical contents of roots, leaves and ascending sap revealed for the first time the importance of root-to-shoot communication and of simple sugars in the enhancement of growth and photochemical conversion potential of young plantlets by A. lipoferum CRT1. A transcriptomic analysis showed moderate impact on roots and a coordinate modulation of several regulatory nodes of cellular biological processes, including some mediated by auxins and abscissic acid. Agronomic field trials conducted two consecutive years in four sites correlated yield enhancement by A. lipoferum CRT1 to the securing of seed germination during environmental stresses. No correlation was found with modifications of plantlets metabolomes (including those linked to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition), growth and photochemical conversion potential which were found to depend on additional soil and climate cues. Germination securing was due to a speeding of radicule emergence and of seed simple sugars consumption