Save the Children Fund (SCF) was at its foundation in 1919 a value-driven organization. The values, or guiding principles, of the founding generation are the lens through which I look at the history of SCF, and the associated histories of war and peace, human rights and NGO-state relations. These guiding principles are identified as universalism, utilitarianism and optimistic pacificism. They can be understood as a paradigm to which the social community which made up the founding generation of SCF gave their assent. The first chapter locates the founding generation within the political culture of the anti-war movement. Succeeding chapters detail the metamorphosis of SCIF from a'contentious social movement into a respectable national organization. As soon as the organization adopted a national rather than a universal orientation, the coordinates of all its guiding principles shifted. In particular the optimistic pacificism of the founding generation was replaced by pessimistic defencism. It was not until after the Cold War that SCIF began to realign itself with its original guiding principles. The three guiding principles are found to be of continuing relevance. Universalism has been reasserted as a positive creed leading SCF to seize political opportunities to reach out to children from all sides. The organization has adopted a utilitarian perspective that affirms the dynamic role of young people in generating their own futures. Lastly, the primacy attached to peace by war-affected people has underlined SCFs urgent mission to uphold an optimistic belief in the possibility of peace.

本論文共一冊，約六萬字，分六章二十三節。 第一章緒論：說明本論文研究背景，研究動機與目的並列示本論文整體性架構。 第二章理論基礎：指出創業投資之意義、程序、功能與特性，並就策略觀點探討創業 投資方案之評估。 第三章文獻探討：就國內外有關創業投資活動的文獻，加以整理比較。 第四章研究方法：揭示本論文研究架構，變數說明、研究設計與研究限制。 第五章實證分析與發現：提出模型研究結果，以說明創業投資方案之評估重點，以及 試圖導出一個參考模式，以為企業界之應用。 第六章結論與建議：根據研究結果，指出評估創業投資方案之注意事項與本研究之應 用，以及對後續研究之建議。

Oficialiai pateikiama kriminalinė statistika neatspindi realaus nusikalstamumo, o tik tas nusikalstamas veikas, kurios yra žinomos teisėsaugos institucijoms, užregistruojamos. Norint imtis atitinkamų prevencijos ir kontrolės priemonių, efektyviai panaudoti išteklius nusikalstamumo mažinimui, būtina analizuoti ne tik oficialius duomenis, bet ir įvertinti latentinę nusikalstamumo dalį. Šiame darbe analizuojamas latentinis nusikalstamumas ir jo tyrimo galimybės. Magistro darbą sudaro trys skyriai. Pirmame skyriuje atlikta skirtingų autorių latentinio nusikalstamumo sampratos analizė, pateiktas registruoto ir latentinio nusikalstamumo neatitikimo santykis, apžvelgtos latentinio nusikalstamumo rūšys, išskiriant kiekvienos rūšies svarbiausius bruožus. Antrame šio darbo skyriuje pateikti latentinį nusikalstamumą lemiantys veiksniai. Veiksniai suskirstyti į keturias grupes, pagal nusikalstamos veikos latentiškumą lemiančius asmenis, t. y. išskirti latentiškumo veiksniai priklausantys nuo aukos, kaltininko, liudytojo, teisėsaugos institucijų. Trečiame skyriuje nurodyti latentinio nusikalstamumo įvertinimo būdai, pateikti latentinio nuskalstamumo įvertinimo būdų privalumai ir trūkumai. Pateikti atliktos viktimologinės studentų apklausos duomenys. / Officially presented crime statistics does not represent all criminality. It shows only criminal offenses that are known by law enforcement and are recorded. Additionally to analysis of unofficial data it is needed to assess latent crime to use resources effectively and take adequate preventive and control measures. In this study it is analyzed latent crime and its research opportunities. Work consists of three chapters: First one includes analysis of understanding of latent crime by various writers. Estimated recorded and latent crime ratio. Reviewed latent crime types and indicated main characteristic details. In the second chapter it is presented latent crime factors which are divided in to four branches according to individuals: victims, offenders, witnesses, law enforcement. In the third chapter it is described assessment methods of latent crime and reviewed advantages and disadvantages of assessment methods. This chapter includes summarized results of victimological survey of students.

Long-term perspectives on the evolution of river deltas have provided useful knowledge capable of responding to pending questions related to the ongoing climate and environmental changes. Increasing utilization pressure on delta environments has necessitated increased attention to protect the socio-economic and ecological values. As a result, multiple local initiatives have been designed, aimed at mitigating environmental deterioration and implementing adaptive measures, but many such initiatives have shown limited success. This thesis uses a case study of Save River delta in Mozambique to explore the relation between geomorphological evolution and socio-ecological system dynamics in delta environments. In addition, key environmental variables that concern the society today are highlighted and discussed in a management perspective. The results of the study show the development of Save River delta from the mid-Holocene to the present. The geomorphological settings of the delta suggest a faulted coastline over which subsequent deposition of fluvial sediments has formed a protruding delta front. Between c. 3000 and 1300 years ago, fine-grained sediments accumulated on top of the delta-front in the proximal part of the delta. This type of material was deposited under intertidal conditions and supported the formation of mangrove habitat. The geographical distribution of the mangrove deposit was driven by successive stages of back-barrier swamp formation and sea-level change as the delta evolved. From c. 1300 years ago, the river delta started to receive fluvial sediments from pulses of floods forming an alluvial floodplain. These sediments have accumulated mainly on the fine-grained mangrove wetland deposit. All the geomorphological features have evolved in a shoreward-shifting pattern over time. Centennial to decadal changes observed in the delta have followed a predictable geomorphological pattern, which is also part of the millennial evolution. The mangrove system, the base for the socio-economic system, is consequently strongly affected by the geomorphological development of the area. An increasing sensitivity of socio-ecological systems to environmental stressors, e.g. floods, cyclones and erosion, has motivated multiple initiatives to work towards a sustainable management of delta environments. This thesis highlights the need for interplay between geomorphology and ecology, considering both long- and short-term dynamics of delta environments. Hitherto, management initiatives have been concentrated on fragmented interventions of controlling water flow, which have disrupted the natural dynamics by obstructing the sedimentation-erosion cycle. To change this trend, coastal planners need to consider the significance of natural processes, e.g. cyclones, floods, erosion and accretion, for the long-term ecological and social sustainability of delta environments. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2. Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Magister Commercii - Mcom (Political Studies) / While they have emerged as global ideals based on the recognition of liberty, dignity and universal rights to 'all individuals' within the global community, human rights have faced numerous criticism and scepticism from the Global South. This research paper argues that such scepticism has had negative impact on the drive for the protection and promotion of human rights and International Human Rights Law in global politics. Given such huge challenges, this research paper points out that, unless the global human rights discourse undergoes significant reform and shift, its Western-centric domination will result into more harm than good in the international community's agenda for human rights protection and promotion. Postcolonial Africa has been at the forefront of the debate on the power-political use of the notion. As such, it has been argued that human rights discourse has influenced relations and policies between the West and the Third World, especially Africa. In this relationship, human rights have been viewed as a strategic tool for powerful states in global politics, to use in their quest to legitimise the case for political change. Furthermore, human rights have also been employed by governments seeking to justify their interference in the domestic affairs of other states, especially the West in the case of postcolonial Africa. It has therefore emerged that the human rights rhetoric/ discourse has been understood by postcolonial Africa as serving to establish a powerful perspective relating to the present and past collective experiences of injustice, exclusion and domination within global politics. Here, the global human rights regimes and Africa seem to be at a crossroads regarding the role of human rights in international politics.

This thesis as a social documentary, using images to provoke awareness of the emotions of children, their lives during the 15-year old Civil War that was in Liberia, West Africa. This thesis will visually explore different timelines, the past, the present and the future of children depicted. In depicting the past, the images capturing specific moment of what a child had to witness during the war. In depicting the present images showcase the aftermath of the war for children who have survived, and finally, for the future, images showcasing how the lives of some of the children have changed because of sacrifices made by people who observed the war and its consequences. Inspiration was gathered from several groups of artists that covered events such as the Great Depression, Vietnam, the Holocaust, etc. These artists include: Henry Mayhew, Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Walker Evans, and Gordon Parks among many.

<p>In comparison to other basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction and multiplication,division is far more complex and expensive. Many division algorithms, except for lookup tables, rely on recursion with usually complex operations in the loop. Even if the cost in terms of area and computational complexity sometimes can be made low, the latency is usually high anyway, due to the number of iterations required. Therefore, in order to find a faster method and a method that provides better precision, a non-recursive polynomial-based algorithm was developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linköping University. </p><p>After having performed high-level modelling in Matlab, promising results were achieved for up to 32 bits of accuracy. However, since the cost model did not take in account other factors that are important when implementing in hardware, the question remained whether the division algorithm was also competitive in practice or not. Therefore, in order to investigate that, this thesis work was initiated. </p><p>This report describes the hardware implementation, the optimization and the evaluation of this division algorithm, regarding latency and hardware cost for numbers with different precisions. In addition to this algorithm, the common Newton-Raphson algorithm has also been implemented, to serve as a reference.</p>

In this thesis two versions of a single filter frequency masking narrow-band high-speed recursive digital filter structure, proposed in [1], have been implemented and evaluated considering the maximal clock frequency, the maximal sample frequency and the power consumption. The structures were compared to a conventional filter structure, that was also implemented. The aim was to see if the proposed structure had some benefits when implemented and synthesized, not only in theory. For the synthesis standard cells from AMS csx 0.35 mm CMOS technology were used.

In comparison to other basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction and multiplication,division is far more complex and expensive. Many division algorithms, except for lookup tables, rely on recursion with usually complex operations in the loop. Even if the cost in terms of area and computational complexity sometimes can be made low, the latency is usually high anyway, due to the number of iterations required. Therefore, in order to find a faster method and a method that provides better precision, a non-recursive polynomial-based algorithm was developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linköping University. After having performed high-level modelling in Matlab, promising results were achieved for up to 32 bits of accuracy. However, since the cost model did not take in account other factors that are important when implementing in hardware, the question remained whether the division algorithm was also competitive in practice or not. Therefore, in order to investigate that, this thesis work was initiated. This report describes the hardware implementation, the optimization and the evaluation of this division algorithm, regarding latency and hardware cost for numbers with different precisions. In addition to this algorithm, the common Newton-Raphson algorithm has also been implemented, to serve as a reference.

Most of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are operated under low loading both in water quality and water capacity (flow rate) in Taiwan. Because various treatment methods used in WWTP would cause different power consumptions. In general, the flow rate of wastewater treated is proportional to the power consumption. The purpose of this study is simulating water quality and water capacity with a case of municipal wastewater treatment plant, using standard activated sludge method. In this work we will investigate the feasibility of save power using operation and parameters adjustment in wastewater system. A further step is to conduct the save energy in current WWTP under normal wastewater treatment capacity and national effluent standard. Results showed the major save energy was at inflow pump and aeration system of biological treatment stage. Both power consumptions of two were about 60 ~70 % of total power consumption in the plant. Thus we should focus the operating conditions to plan the save energy project, and calculate the total power system and energy consumption of all unit facilities before we are going to improve the energy save in WWTP. Important note is firstly to select units and facilities having high energy consumption for evaluating the possibility of energy save. Secondly is develop and using a good management system to attain the goal of save energy.