There are telecommunication industry and information industry to cost altogether, that is to communicate with each other according to industry development and technological gradual progress and fit Technological standardization, make the industry must use the fast development in the manufacturer, make the convergence of each boundary-less.Moreover different operation key different from resource foundation to can form difficult entry-barrier that cross over also ability way accumulated. Taiwan¡¦s ICT with the technological follower type, but with pursuing while growing up under large ship of the fast gradual progress of technology, how to adjust strategic resources, Represent brand-new institutional framework to create biggest customer's value with the business activity, it is a key topic.This research probes the mobile telecommunication industry, and base on digital-converge progression, focus on the enterprise behaviors produced under the third generation of mobile telecommunication data services and innovated. And Selected Key companies to analyze separately under the extension environment from competition advantage and Merger & Acquisition, and study through the description of the case. The result of study is found as follows: 􀁺 Three kind of convergence triggering business model changed. 􀁺 New technology of telecommunication created new mobile services. 􀁺 Strategical merger and acquisition changed telecommunication industrial structure.

Titel Traditionella medier och den digitala agendan, konsten att kontrollera allmänhetens gestaltning av en organisationskris i sociala medier   Syfte Syftet med den här uppsatsen är undersöka hur allmänheten gestaltar en organisationskris i sociala medier genom den typ av inlägg som görs.   Metod Via en kvantitativ ansats har vi samlat in och analyserat de statusuppdateringar som allmänheten gör via sina egna Facebookflöden. Vi har sedan sammanställt detta i SPSS för att ge oss en blick över det insamlade materialet och möjlighet att få fram statistik på de inlägg som görs. Vi har samlat inlägg om den ubåtsjakt som försvarsmakten gjorde i oktober 2014 samt den skandal som drabbade SCA där de ovarsamt har hanterat företagets ekonomiska resurser.   Resultat I det insamlade materialet kan vi se att det är media som via de artiklar man publicerar sätter agendan för den bild av organistionernas kriser som kommer spridas i sociala medier. En majoritet av de inlägg som görs är artiklar som allmänheten delar vidare via sina egna sociala medier. Vi kan också se att det är organisationen som får ta en stor del av smällen i de inlägg som görs. Allmänheten skuldbelägger organisationen för det inträffade i nästan hälften av de insamlade inläggen. I de övriga skuldbelägger man antingen en tredje part eller en enskild individ beroende på vilken typ av kris det handlar om och hur bakgrunden till det inträffade ser ut.   De inlägg som görs om det inträffade är främst negativt vinklade och endast ett fåtal inlägg har en positiv vinkel i förhållande till det inträffade. De inlägg som görs får även en näst intill obefintlig spridning i form av likes, kommentarer och delningar. Majoriteten får under 10 likes, kommentarer eller delningar. Det finns alltså inget som tyder på att någon typ av inlägg i det insamlade materialet blir virala.

Silicon physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are security primitives relying on the intrinsic randomness of IC manufacturing. Strong PUFs have a very large input-output space which is essential for secure authentication. Several proposed strong PUFs use timing races to produce a rich set of responses. However, these PUFs are vulnerable to machine-learning attacks due to linear separability of the output function resulting from the additive nature of timing delay along timing paths. We introduce a novel strong silicon PUF based on the exponential current-voltage behavior in subthreshold region of FET operation. This behaviour injects strong nonlinearity into the response of the PUF. The PUF, which we term subthreshold current array (SCA) PUF, is implemented as a two-dimensional n x k transistor array with all devices subject to stochastic variability operating in subthreshold region. Our PUF is fundamentally different from earlier attempts to inject nonlinearity via digital control techniques like XORing the outputs of PUF and using feedforward structures, which could also be used with SCA-PUF. Voltages produced by nominally identical arrays are compared to produce a random binary response. SCA-PUF shows excellent security properties. The average inter-class Hamming distance, a measure of uniqueness, is 50.3%. The average intra-class Hamming distance, a measure of response stability, is 0.6%. Crucially, we demonstrate that the introduced PUF is much less vulnerable to modeling attacks. Using a machine-learning technique of support-vector machine with radial basis function kernel for optimum nonlinear learnability, we observe that the information leakage (rate of error reduction with learning) is much lower than for delay-based PUFs. Specifically, over a wide range of the number of observed challenge-response pairs, the error rate is 3-35x higher than for earlier designs. / text

Every weekend in the Society for Creative Anachronism, people from the far reaches of the globe leave behind the structures of their everyday lives, dress themselves in clothing from the Middle Ages, and construct medieval personae. Within a pastiche of fantastical and historical influences, participants create the “Middle Ages as they should have been,” a liminal space where they experience a temporary communitas. Through their participation in informal rituals and formal ceremonies, they celebrate each other’s successes and create a community—a utopia—in which courtesy and honor are the shared core values. In addition, through their performances, people access their creative potential and explore issues of identity. When the weekend is over, the participants return to their modern lives, and—for many—a residue of their temporary creative adaptation persists and contributes to a transformation of their person. Using my insight as a participant observer, this dissertation focuses on some of the elements that contribute to the process of community creation and personal transformation.

O BNP tem sido apontado como ótimo marcador de disfunção ventricular esquerda na sala de emergência. O poder de complementar informação prognóstica aos pacientes com SCA ainda não está bem estabelecido. Analisar a contribuição do BNP no prognóstico a longo prazo de pacientes com SCASSST. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificar a associação dos níveis séricos do BNP com o TIMI RISK escore e com a área de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Foram avaliados 46 pacientes consecutivos portadores de SCASSST, discriminados por troponina I positiva (valor >0,5ng/ml), admitidos no período de maio/2003 a janeiro/2004, e acompanhados por um período de seguimento de 48 meses. O estudo foi completado por 40 pacientes. A análise do BNP de admissão e após 96 horas foi realizada pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significante. Utilizou-se a curva ROC para analisar a acurácia do BNP de 96 horas como preditor de morte, além de definir o ponto de corte. O teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para comparar as frequências das características clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e bioquímicas. Para avaliar um possível fator de confusão entre o BNP de 96 horas, idade e desfecho, usou-se a análise de regressão logística. Houve uma elevação do BNP entre a admissão e 96 horas (mediana de 148 vs. 267 p=0,04). Ocorreram 13 óbitos no período de seguimento. Utilizando o valor de corte do BNP de 96 horas de 300pg/ml como preditor de morte, observou-se sensibilidade de 92,3%, especificidade de 77,8%, valor preditivo positivo de 66,7% e valor preditivo negativo de 95,5%. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,93. Diferenças significativas não foram observadas nas características clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e angiográficas entre sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Observou-se nítida associação entre o BNP de 96 horas com a pontuação do TIMI RISK escore. Verificou-se também a relação entre o incremento do BNP, admissão e 96 horas, e a anatomia coronariana no grupo com extensa área do miocárdio sob risco isquêmico (p=0,021). A elevação do BNP após 96 horas da admissão está associada a uma população com maior área de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Os resultados Indicam que o maior incremento entre o BNP de admissão e após 96 horas está associado à maior gravidade e extensão de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Tal fato poderia explicar a relação entre BNP elevado com a pontuação do TIMI RISK escore. Análise do BNP obtido após 96 horas de evento isquêmico é uma importante ferramenta na estratificação de risco de morte a longo prazo na SCASSST. / BNP has been considered an excellent marker of left ventricular dysfunction in the emergency room. However, its ability to provide prognostic information on patients with acute coronary syndrome has not been well established. To assess the contribution of BNP to predict the long-term prognosis of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In addition, to assess the association of BNP serum levels with TIMI risk score and with jeopardized myocardial area. The study comprised 46 consecutive patients with NSTEMI, discriminated by positive troponin I (>0.5ng/mL), admitted from May 2003 to January 2004, and followed up for 48 months. Forty patients completed the study. The BNP levels at admission and 96 hours after that were analyzed by using the non parametric Wilcoxon test with 95% confidence interval. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. The ROC curve was used to assess the accuracy of the 96-hour BNP as a predictor of death, in addition to defining the cutoff point. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of clinical, electrocardiographic, and biochemical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess a possible confounding factor between 96-hour BNP, age, and outcome. An elevation in BNP was observed between admission and 96 hours after that (median of 148 vs. 267, respectively; p=0.04). Thirteen patients died during follow-up. By using the 96-hour BNP cutoff point of 300pg/mL as a predictor of death, the following were observed: sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 77.8%, positive predictive value of 66.7%, and negative predictive value of 95.5%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93. Significant differences were not observed in clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic characteristics between survivors and non-survivors. A clear association of 96-hour BNP with TIMI risk score was observed. A relation between BNP increase, both at admission and after 96 hours, and coronary anatomy was observed in the group with an extensive jeopardized myocardial area (p=0.021). The increase in BNP 96 hours after admission is associated with a larger jeopardized myocardial area. The results indicate that the greater increase in BNP 96 hours after admission is associated with greater severity and extension of the jeopardized myocardium. That fact could explain the relation between increased BNP and TIMI risk score. Assessing BNP 96 hours after an ischemic event is an important tool to stratify the long-term risk of death in NSTEMI.

O BNP tem sido apontado como ótimo marcador de disfunção ventricular esquerda na sala de emergência. O poder de complementar informação prognóstica aos pacientes com SCA ainda não está bem estabelecido. Analisar a contribuição do BNP no prognóstico a longo prazo de pacientes com SCASSST. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificar a associação dos níveis séricos do BNP com o TIMI RISK escore e com a área de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Foram avaliados 46 pacientes consecutivos portadores de SCASSST, discriminados por troponina I positiva (valor >0,5ng/ml), admitidos no período de maio/2003 a janeiro/2004, e acompanhados por um período de seguimento de 48 meses. O estudo foi completado por 40 pacientes. A análise do BNP de admissão e após 96 horas foi realizada pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significante. Utilizou-se a curva ROC para analisar a acurácia do BNP de 96 horas como preditor de morte, além de definir o ponto de corte. O teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para comparar as frequências das características clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e bioquímicas. Para avaliar um possível fator de confusão entre o BNP de 96 horas, idade e desfecho, usou-se a análise de regressão logística. Houve uma elevação do BNP entre a admissão e 96 horas (mediana de 148 vs. 267 p=0,04). Ocorreram 13 óbitos no período de seguimento. Utilizando o valor de corte do BNP de 96 horas de 300pg/ml como preditor de morte, observou-se sensibilidade de 92,3%, especificidade de 77,8%, valor preditivo positivo de 66,7% e valor preditivo negativo de 95,5%. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,93. Diferenças significativas não foram observadas nas características clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e angiográficas entre sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Observou-se nítida associação entre o BNP de 96 horas com a pontuação do TIMI RISK escore. Verificou-se também a relação entre o incremento do BNP, admissão e 96 horas, e a anatomia coronariana no grupo com extensa área do miocárdio sob risco isquêmico (p=0,021). A elevação do BNP após 96 horas da admissão está associada a uma população com maior área de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Os resultados Indicam que o maior incremento entre o BNP de admissão e após 96 horas está associado à maior gravidade e extensão de miocárdio sob risco isquêmico. Tal fato poderia explicar a relação entre BNP elevado com a pontuação do TIMI RISK escore. Análise do BNP obtido após 96 horas de evento isquêmico é uma importante ferramenta na estratificação de risco de morte a longo prazo na SCASSST. / BNP has been considered an excellent marker of left ventricular dysfunction in the emergency room. However, its ability to provide prognostic information on patients with acute coronary syndrome has not been well established. To assess the contribution of BNP to predict the long-term prognosis of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In addition, to assess the association of BNP serum levels with TIMI risk score and with jeopardized myocardial area. The study comprised 46 consecutive patients with NSTEMI, discriminated by positive troponin I (>0.5ng/mL), admitted from May 2003 to January 2004, and followed up for 48 months. Forty patients completed the study. The BNP levels at admission and 96 hours after that were analyzed by using the non parametric Wilcoxon test with 95% confidence interval. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. The ROC curve was used to assess the accuracy of the 96-hour BNP as a predictor of death, in addition to defining the cutoff point. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of clinical, electrocardiographic, and biochemical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess a possible confounding factor between 96-hour BNP, age, and outcome. An elevation in BNP was observed between admission and 96 hours after that (median of 148 vs. 267, respectively; p=0.04). Thirteen patients died during follow-up. By using the 96-hour BNP cutoff point of 300pg/mL as a predictor of death, the following were observed: sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 77.8%, positive predictive value of 66.7%, and negative predictive value of 95.5%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93. Significant differences were not observed in clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic characteristics between survivors and non-survivors. A clear association of 96-hour BNP with TIMI risk score was observed. A relation between BNP increase, both at admission and after 96 hours, and coronary anatomy was observed in the group with an extensive jeopardized myocardial area (p=0.021). The increase in BNP 96 hours after admission is associated with a larger jeopardized myocardial area. The results indicate that the greater increase in BNP 96 hours after admission is associated with greater severity and extension of the jeopardized myocardium. That fact could explain the relation between increased BNP and TIMI risk score. Assessing BNP 96 hours after an ischemic event is an important tool to stratify the long-term risk of death in NSTEMI.

Objective Over the latest decades, NGOs have grown exponentially both in size and influence; they have come to play a significant role in development and support for civil society and the democratization process in developing countries. With an increased influence and budgets, NGOs have also come to be increasingly associated with corruption – as victims of corruption, as driving forces of corruption, and finally as anti-corruption activists and strategists. However, corruption is a complex and ill-defined concept where definitions and perceptions vary greatly between scholars and practitioners. The aim of the thesis is to describe and compare how western NGOs as well as the Swedish governmental donor agency Sida, operating in Afghanistan, a war-ridden, developing country with a high level of corruption define and approach corruption[1]. Theories The study is based on theories of institutionalism and anthropology to analyze how the chosen organizations define corruption. These theories are most appropriate for this thesis since the focus of the study is on organizations and the individuals working within them. Institutional theories study how institutions affect individuals behavior and how an individual's behavior affects the evolution of institutions. On the other hand, anthropology theories study how people who share a common cultural system organize and shape the physical and social world around them and how they, in turn, are shaped by those ideas, behaviors, and the environment. Analysis and methodology The analysis is based on an institutionalist approach, and organizational theories focus on power-dependency, considering that in terms of social science, the institutionalist approach emphasizes the role of institutions, which is the focus of this thesis. Therefore, this approach was an appropriate choice when conducting this research. The method used in the thesis is a comparative methodology. Each organization's anti-corruption policy, as well as interviews with representatives of two Swedish NGOs and Sida, was compared and analyzed. Results and discussion Similarities are found in organizations' formal definition of corruption, as all organizations share a similar anti-corruption policy, where corruption and corrupt activities are defined from a Western model. However, the differences are found in the experience of corruption, as NGOs, unlike Sida are active in the field, they are more exposed to the complex and challenging environment in which they feel that their formal guidelines and policies are not adapted to. They primarily experience that the level of tolerance of corruption varies in the context in which they are active.  The donor agency, Sida, is believed by the Swedish NGOs to be focusing more on working within the regulations and formal policies of anti-corruption, conducted by their origin country being Sweden, rather than on the complex nature of the context the operate in in this case being Afghanistan. Consequently, this issue is also followed by NGOs feeling pressure to implement projects within the framework of the donor agency's regulation, to avoid risking any loss of donor funds.  On the other hand, Sida states the opposite, emphasizing a more cooperative relationship with their partner NGOs.

Stålkonstruktioner är väldigt vanligt inom industrin och samhället, och det finns många olika typer av stål där rostfritt stål är en av dem. Idag använder SCA Obbola rostfritt stål till konstruktioner som maskiner, skywalk, och plattformar. På SCA Obbola (Ångcentrl2) finns en ångproducerande reaktor har ett stort elfilter som rengör rökgasen från partiklar så att farliga utsläpp kan undvikas. Plattformar är fastsvetsade i filtret sådan att personalerna kan få åtkomst till maskiner och mätinstrument, men dessa plattformar har börjat att få korrosionsskador. Syftet med detta projekt var att ta fram nya typer av fribärande plattformar som sitter inte i filtret men bärande från marknivå för att undvika (korrosionsinducerat) skador på filtret och personalen. 3D-modeller av de fribärande plattformarna skapades med Computer-Aided Design-mjukvaran Inventor och punktmoln-mjukvaran Recap Pro. Konstruktionerna analyserades med finita elementmetoden för undersökning av hållbarheten med hänsyn till specificerade krav från SCA Obbolas. Vidare utfördes analytiska beräkningar, och de analytiska resultaten jämfördes i efterhand med FEM-resultaten. Slutligen undersöktes vilken typ av balkpelare som kunde användas som vertikala pelare för att bära konstruktionerna från marknivå. Resultaten visar att spänningarna på de analytiska och numeriska beräkningarna (i Von Mises) skiljde mellan 0–2 MPa och konstruktionerna vägde ca.1300–1500 kg. Slutsatserna var att hållbara konstruktionerna skapades och 100x100 VKR-rör valdes som vertikala balkpelare för att de klarar av belastningar i både den veka och styva riktningarna valdes. / Steel constructions are very common in industry and the society, and many different types of steels exist, among them is stainless steel. Today SCA Obbola uses stainless steel in various ways, for example machines, skywalks, platforms. At SCA Obbola (Ångcentral2) a steam producing reactor includes a large electric filter to clean the flue gas from particles so that the harmful emissions can be avoided. Platforms are welded to the filter so that the staff has access to machines and sensors, but these platforms have started to show serious corrosion damage. The purpose of this project was to develop a new type of cantilevered platform that is not attached to the filter but levered from ground to avoid (corrosion-induced) damage to the filter and injuries of the staff. 3D-models of the cantilevered platforms were developed using the computer-aided design software Inventor and the point-cloud software Recap Pro. The constructions were analyzed employing finite element method (FEM) to investigate its durability with regards to requirements specified by SCA Obbola. In addition, analytical calculations were performed, and the analytical results were compared with the FEM results. Lastly an investigation of which type of beam-pillar that could be performed as vertical pillars to lever the new constructions was performed. It is shown that the stresses obtained by the analytical and numerical calculations (in Von Mises) differed between 0-2 MPa and the new constructions weight about 1300-1500 kg. In conclusions, durable constructions were developed and 100x100 VKR-pipe that can withstand high loads in both weak and stiff directions was chosen as vertical beam-pillars.

Sedan motoriseringens intåg i skogsbruket har markskadorna ökat. Framtida klimatscenarier visar på kortare vintersäsonger, samt större mängder nederbörd som ger försämrad bärighet. En branschgemensam miljöpolicy arbetades fram med målsättning att motverka körskador, och få en gemensamsyn på körskador i skogsbruket. En strategi krävdes för att uppnå god miljöhänsyn vid drivningar. SCA Skog arbetade fram sin metod; SED - Skonsam, Effektiv Drivning. Metoden innebär att både i planerings- och drivningsarbetet minimera risken för körskador. Syftet med studien var att undersöka var brister uppstår i SED-metoden. Resultatet visade att 27,4 procent av drivningarna underkändes eftergranskning av traktdirektiv och körloggar. Drivningar med loggade spökslag, påvisade inga förbjudna skotarspår i spökslagen. Markpåverkan kringhänsynsområden och andra känsliga partier har minskat, och fastkörningar med allvarliga körskador som följd sker nästan aldrig i dagsläget genom SED-metoden.

Bakgrund: I bakgrunden tas det upp hur stroke som sjukdom uppkommer samt de vanligaste orsakerna, symptom och biverkningarna. Afasi tas upp som följdsjukdom efter stroke med fokus på uppkomst, behandling, omvårdnad och riskfaktorer. Kommunikationen som tas upp är inriktad på definitionen av kommunikation som begrepp och relaterade begrepp, det vill säga kommunikationsmetoder som SCA och olika kommunikationsformer som bland annat verbal och icke-verbal kommunikation. Bakgrunden tar även upp personcentrerad omvårdnad som kärnkompetens för litteraturstudien och Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori ”Human – to – human relationship”. Bakgrunden avslutas med en problemformulering om hur sjuksköterskor upplever kommunikationen med personer med afasi efter stroke blandat med kunskapsbrist inom ämnet samt avsaknad av relevant forskning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor upplever att kommunicera med personer med afasi efter stroke. Metod: Den allmänna litteraturstudien har inspirerats av Fribergs analysmodell för kvalitativ analys. Den här litteraturstudien är skriven med induktiv ansats. Databassökning gjordes i Pubmed och Cinahl. Studien är baserad på artiklar med kvalitativ design varav en med mixad metod. Resultat: I resultatet framgick fyra kategorier: Att tidspress påverkar omvårdnad negativt för personer med afasi, att få ökad kunskap om kommunikationshjälpmedel, att hantera blandade känslor, att sjuksköterskan upplever att kommunikationen med patienten försämras när anhöriga är delaktiga.  Slutsats: Kommunikationsmetoder behöver implementeras mer inom sjukvården för att underlätta för sjuksköterskor gällande kommunikation med personer med afasi. Genom att implementera kommunikationsmetoder kan arbetsmiljön förbättras och en bättre vård kan ges till personer med afasi.