Although Republicans and Democrats frequently disagree ideologically, the leaders of both parties share one commonality in particular--they inevitably make flawed judgments. To adequately understand the extent to which psychological filters act as a fundamental factor in decision making, this thesis shall analyze current political events and observe how partisans within both administrations deal with information incompatible with their own values and beliefs. Specifically referencing the war in Iraq, weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), civil unrest, national security, the national economic climate, and the housing market, this study examines the way leaders deal differently with conflicting information. Although all subjects in the latter shall be discussed, the primary focus is directed towards weapons of mass destruction during the Bush administration and the economic climate during the Obama administration. During their presidencies, both administrations faced different circumstances and congruently possessed different ideologies in respect of how to resolve current problems. Therefore, both President Obama and Bush shall equally be observed in order to adequately compare the extent to which each succumbs to cognitive biases when faced with dissonant information. In addition, groupthink theory, schema theory, and self-justification shall be discussed as complimentary forces which impair political members' decisions. Overall, qualitatively assessing both Republican and Democratic parties in one comprehensive examination breaks the bounds of usual political science studies because both partisans are linked more by their similarities than differences.

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Apache Kafka is a distributed, high throughput and fault-tolerant publish/subscribe messaging system in the Hadoop ecosystem. It is used as a distributed data streaming and processing platform. Kafka topics are the units of message feeds in the Kafka cluster. Kafka producer publishes messages into these topics and a Kafka consumer subscribes to topics to pull those messages. With the increased usage of Kafka in the data infrastructure of many companies, there are many Kafka clients that publish and consume messages to/from the Kafka topics. In fact, these client operations can be malicious. To mitigate this risk, clients must authenticate themselves and their operation must be authorized before they can access to a given topic. Nowadays, Kafka ships with a pluggable Authorizer interface to implement access control list (ACL) based authorization for client operation. Kafka users can implement the interface differently to satisfy their security requirements. SimpleACLAuthorizer is the out-of-box implementation of the interface and uses a Zookeeper for ACLs storage.HopsWorks, based on Hops a next generation Hadoop distribution, provides support for project-based multi-tenancy, where projects are fully isolated at the level of the Hadoop Filesystem and YARN. In this project, we added Kafka topicbased multi-tenancy in Hops projects. Kafka topic is created from inside Hops project and persisted both at the Zookeeper and the NDBCluster. Persisting a topic into a database enabled us for topic sharing across projects. ACLs are added to Kafka topics and are persisted only into the database. Client access to Kafka topics is authorized based on these ACLs. ACLs are added, updated, listed and/or removed from the HopsWorks WebUI. HopsACLAuthorizer, a Hops implementation of the Authorizer interface, authorizes Kafka client operations using the ACLs in the database. The Apache Avro schema registry for topics enabled the producer and consumer to better integrate by transferring a preestablished message format. The result of this project is the first Hadoop distribution that supports Kafka multi-tenancy.

Today's modern aerospace systems exhibit strong interdisciplinary coupling and require a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach. Analysis methods that were once considered feasible only for advanced and detailed design are now available and even practical at the conceptual design stage. This changing philosophy for conducting conceptual design poses additional challenges beyond those encountered in a low fidelity design of aircraft. This thesis takes some steps towards bridging the gaps in existing technologies and advancing the state-of-the-art in aircraft design. The first part of the thesis proposes a new Pareto front approximation method for multiobjective optimization problems. The method employs a hybrid optimization approach using two derivative free direct search techniques, and is intended for solving blackbox simulation based multiobjective optimization problems with possibly nonsmooth functions where the analytical form of the objectives is not known and/or the evaluation of the objective function(s) is very expensive (very common in multidisciplinary design optimization). A new adaptive weighting scheme is proposed to convert a multiobjective optimization problem to a single objective optimization problem. Results show that the method achieves an arbitrarily close approximation to the Pareto front with a good collection of well-distributed nondominated points. The second part deals with the interdisciplinary data communication issues involved in a collaborative mutidisciplinary aircraft design environment. Efficient transfer, sharing, and manipulation of design and analysis data in a collaborative environment demands a formal structured representation of data. XML, a W3C recommendation, is one such standard concomitant with a number of powerful capabilities that alleviate interoperability issues. A compact, generic, and comprehensive XML schema for an aircraft design markup language (ADML) is proposed here to provide a common language for data communication, and to improve efficiency and productivity within a multidisciplinary, collaborative environment. An important feature of the proposed schema is the very expressive and efficient low level schemata. As a proof of concept the schema is used to encode an entire Convair B58. As the complexity of models and number of disciplines increases, the reduction in effort to exchange data models and analysis results in ADML also increases. / Ph. D.

Bakgrund: Barnmorskor larmar världen över om en ohållbar och ansträngd arbetssituation. I Sverige är det brist på barnmorskor i 19 av 21 regioner. Forskning visar att arbetsmiljö och bristande bemanning är bidragande orsaker till att barnmorskor inte orkar arbeta kvar i förlossningsvården.  Motiv: Bemanningssituationen inom förlossningsvården har varit ett omdiskuterat ämne under lång tid. Barnmorskor uppskattar sitt yrke men arbetsvillkoren möter inte upp förväntningarna om ett hållbart yrkesliv.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa barnmorskors upplevelse av vad som bidrar till en hållbar arbetsplats inom svensk förlossningsvård.  Metod: En kvalitativ metod med åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Materialet analyserades med tematisk analysmetod.   Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två huvudteman med tre respektive två underteman. Det första huvudtemat var ”Barnmorskeprofessionens Betydelse” med underteman ”Att trivas med sin yrkesroll som barnmorska” och “Att kollegor bidrar till teamkänsla och trygghet”. Det andra huvudtemat var ”Ledningens ansvar för en hållbar arbetsmiljö” med underteman ”Att chefer och organisation har ett stort ansvar för en hållbar arbetsmiljö”, ”Stabil bemanning gör skillnad i verksamheten” och ”vidareutveckling bidrar till en hållbar arbetsplats”.  Konklusion: Barnmorskor uppskattar sitt yrke och har en drivkraft att bidra till vidareutveckling vilket är gynnsamt både för verksamheten och för den enskilda barnmorskan. Om hållbara förutsättningar skulle finnas i verksamheten skulle barnmorskor stanna inom förlossningsvården i större omfattning än de gör idag. / Background: Midwives are raising the alarm worldwide about an unsustainable and strained work situation. In Sweden, there is a shortage of midwives in 19 out of 21 regions. Research shows that the work environment and lack of staffing are contributing factors to midwives not being able to continue working in delivery care.  Motive: The staffing situation in delivery care has been a topic of discussion for a long time. Midwives appreciate their profession, but the working conditions do not meet the expectations of a sustainable working life.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate midwives' experience of what contributes to a sustainable workplace within delivery care in Sweden.  Method: A qualitative method with eight semi-structured interviews was conducted. The material was analyzed using the thematic analysis method.  Result: The analysis resulted in two main themes with five sub-themes. The first main theme was "The Significance of the Midwifery Profession" with the subthemes "Enjoying your professional role as a midwife" and “Colleagues contribute to teamspirit and safety”. The second main theme was "Management's responsibility for a sustainable work environment" with sub-themes "That managers and organization have a great responsibility for a sustainable work environment", "A trustable staffing makes a difference for the workplace” and "Development contributes to a sustainable workplace".  Conclusion: Midwives appreciate their profession and want to contribute to the development of their workplace, which is beneficial both for the organization and for the midwife as an individual. Prerequisite to achieve sustainable working conditions is required to make midwives continue working in delivery care to a greater extent than they do today.

Previous studies have established that when a subject’s attention is directed to a specific body part, the subject is able to move that body part faster than a body part their attention was not drawn to. This is known as the body compatibility effect, and it has been shown that this effect only occurs when viewing upright images of the human body. In this study, we presented control subjects and expert acrobats with inverted and upright stimuli. We hypothesized that the amount of time the acrobats spent inverted would result in the acrobats exhibiting body compatibility effects for both upright and inverted stimuli. Compatibility effects were observed in the upright condition for both groups, but neither group exhibited any compatibility effects in the inverted position. Unexpectedly the acrobats responded significantly faster to incongruent trials compared to the control subjects, leading to the conclusion that there must be some form of priming occurring concurrently with the body compatibility task allowing the acrobats to respond faster than the control participants.