Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla Bertoli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amorim_AdrianaEloaBento_M.pdf: 15352732 bytes, checksum: 327b5fe0a18f76c48649f2007c4f4dba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estudos sobre a acústica de salas de aula estão cada vez mais comuns no meio acadêmico e científico, devido à sua influência nas questões do ensino-aprendizagem. Os ambientes escolares exigem qualidade acústica que deve ser prevista já na concepção do projeto. A inadequação acústica de escolas e salas de aula é apontada em diversas pesquisas que utilizam variadas metodologias, geralmente através da aplicação de testes de acertos e erros de vocábulos, e também da análise de parâmetros de avaliação como medidas dos níveis de pressão sonora e do tempo de reverberação. Na rede estadual de ensino público em São Paulo, as salas de aula são projetadas a partir de diretrizes pré-estabelecidas que visam a padronização dos projetos de escolas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivos identificar as formas geométricas mais comuns de salas de aula propostas para a rede pública estadual de ensino em Campinas-SP, apresentar o comportamento dos parâmetros acústicos quanto à inteligibilidade da fala e apontar as formas mais favoráveis à qualidade acústica de salas de aula. Para a definição da amostra realizou-se um levantamento cadastral das escolas e o levantamento arquitetônico das salas. Desse levantamento, identificou-se o número de configurações geométricas mais comuns de salas. Foram analisadas as salas dentro da uma mesma configuração padrão, totalizando dezessete salas de aula. Para a medição acústica foi utilizada a técnica da resposta impulsiva da sala e os parâmetros acústicos foram obtidos através do programa de avaliação acústica de salas, o DIRAC®, da empresa Brüel & Kjaer. Os parâmetros derivados da resposta impulsiva analisados neste trabalho foram: o Tempo de Reverberação (TR), o Tempo de Decaimento Inicial (EDT), a Definição (D50), o Índice de Transmissão da Fala (STI) e a Porcentagem de Perda na Articulação de Consoantes (%ALCons), em função da freqüência na faixa de bandas de 1/1 de oitava. Também foi medido e analisado o Nível de Pressão Sonora ou ruído de fundo ambiental equivalente (LAeq) interno e externo à sala, obtido com o medidor de pressão sonora. A análise complementar da forma para cada sala foi feita pela proporcionalidade das dimensões, segundo a escala do Diagrama de Bolt. As formas geométricas em planta mais comuns de salas são as quadradas (7x7m) e retangulares (6x8m). Dentro de cada configuração as salas apresentaram diferentes desempenhos acústicos. Pelo fato de existir uma grande variedade de fatores e parâmetros que interferem na acústica da sala, foi possível identificar algumas tendências de comportamento acústico por configuração geométrica / Abstract: Studies about classroom acoustics are developed each time more into the scientific and academic society, due to its influence in the teach-learning. The school¿s environments demand acoustical quality that must be foreseen already during the design planning. Some situations of acoustic not adjusted on classrooms are shown in research that using several methods, generally with application of word¿s rightness and error tests as well as of the analysis and evaluation of parameters as the sound pressure levels and reverberation time. In the State of Sao Paulo the classrooms of public education buildings are projected in accordance with same lines of direction that aim at the school design standardization. Therefore, this work has as objective to identify what geometric shapes are more common on classroom¿s design found in public schools at Campinas-SP, to present the acoustic parameters behavior how much to the speech intelligibility of classrooms and to point the shapes that are most favorable to the acoustical quality for classrooms. It was made classroom¿s cadastral survey for sample definition and after was made architectural survey hers. This procedure allows identifying the number of the rooms more common geometric configurations. The classrooms which have the same configuration standard were selected and analyzed, totalizing seventeen classrooms. The acoustical measurements were made using the impulse response technique of the room and the acoustical parameters were obtained of the room acoustics evaluation software, the DIRAC®, by Brüel & Kjaer. The parameters were derived from the impulse response were analyzed in this work: Reverberation Time (RT), Early Decay Time (EDT), Definition (D50), Speech Transmission Index (STI) and Percentage Articulation Loss of Consonants (%ALCons), for each 1/1 octave frequency band. Also it was analyzed the internal and external background noise or ambiental Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (LAeq), which were measured with sound pressure level meter. Complementary analysis of the form for each room was made by the proportionality of the dimensions, according to Bolt¿s Diagram scale. Among the more common geometric shapes in plant of rooms had found were: the square shaped (7x7m) and rectangular (6x8m). Inside each configuration of classroom had presented different acoustical performances. For the fact to exist a great variety of factors and parameters intervening on classroom acoustics, it was possible to identify some acoustical behaviors trends for geometric configuration / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Acknowledging the various benefits that can be reaped from good quality education in schools, the primary aim of this study was to explore and investigate the effect of the BETD Graduates on the quality of education in primary schools, in Kunene region. Seventeen primary school principals took part in the study. They completed a questionnaire and the data was analysed using a qualitative method. Four main categories were investigated: (i) socio-demographic information (ii) the implementation of the BETD skills (iii) job performance and (iv) organizational effectiveness. This study suggests that there is a strong relationship between the type and quality of teacher education and its effect on the achievement and performances of learners in particular and the school in general. Therefore the quality of education in schools can be determined by the quality of the teachers on the ground. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The study focuses on the emotional experiences of parental bereavement of African adolescents who live in a rural environment. Findings revealed that the loss of a parent is very devastating for African adolescents. The adolescents received inadequate assistance from family, peers, community members or educators. It is essential after this study to uncover ways in which these adolescents could be assisted to cope with the loss of a parent who had been providing love, care, financial and material support, as well as safety and security. To gather data the researcher drew meaning from eight participants’ lived experiences from transcriptions of interviews with the participants. The participants, seven girls and one boy, were adolescents between the ages of twelve and fifteen years, who had lost their fathers. This study recommended that educators be equipped to take a major role in dealing with children in bereavement, since there are no educational psychologists or other professionals based in the school or neighbourhood. The community needs to be made aware of the plight of bereaved adolescents and should be introduced into giving positive and constructive assistance to these young people. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

(Résumé en français) "Exercices de style" est-elle une oeuvre simplement comique et acrobatique ? Sa réception positive mais plutôt superficielle auprès du public semble avoir dissimulé ses aspects plus profonds et plus problématiques. A nos yeux, en revanche, les 99 "Exercices" d'écriture sont tout à fait aptes à éclairer les problèmes essentiels de la création littéraire et de la transmission de l'énoncé qu'est la communication verbale. La structure multi-dimensionnelle du livre, où les "Exercices" s'enchaînent, se complètent et se répondent, nous rend sensibles non seulement aux réseaux intratextuels qu'entretiennent les "Exercices", mais également aux liens intertextuels qui lient cetains d'entre eux et les discours littéraires et non littéraires préexistants. D'autres "Exercices" témoignent du regard autoréflexif de l'écrivain, ceux qui peuvent être considérés comme autoparodie. Par ailleurs, la virtuosité des variations stylistiques exige parfois du lecteur une attention particulière - face à quelques variations hermétiques et presque inintelligibles, on devra recourir à d'autres composants du livre qui serviront de "traductions". La terme "traduction" devra être compris non seulement dans le sens de la transmission de messages entre différentes langues, mais aussi dans le sens de la transposition d'un signifiant dans d'autres signifiants, ou bien de la "réécriture" d'un énoncé, tout en restant dans la même langue. Si le principe des "Exercices de style" est de renouveler à l'infini des exercices d'écrire, ou plutôt de réécrire LE texte original - "qui est d'ailleurs inexistant" -, nous pouvons poser, semble-t-il, que la Littérature est basée sur le même procédé de tâtonnements,auquel le lecteur est enctraîné à participer. (Abstract in English) Is "Exercises in style" just a comic and acrobatic book ? The fact that the readers welcomed it so favourably - but rather superficially - seems to have overshadowed its more serious and problematic aspects. In our opinion indeed, Queneau's ninety-nine writing "Exercises" can clearly shed light on the essential problems of literary creation and utterance transmission, i.e. verbal communication. The book presents an intricate structure:the "Exercises" are linked together, echo each other and complement one another. Through this multidimensional structure, we can see the intratextual networks between the "Exercises" as well as their intertextual relations with pre-existent literary and non-literary discourses. Other "Exercises" show the author's autoreflective, autoparodic attitude. Furthermore, the virtuosity of the stylistic variations sometimes requires particular attention from the reader. To understand some abstruse, sometimes almost unintelligible "Exercises", the reader has to resort to other parts of the book, which will serve as "translation" for these enigmatic passages. The word "translation" here means not only transmission of messages from a language to another, but also transposition of a signifier to other signifiers - in other words, "rewriting" of an utterance in the same language. If the principle of "Exercices in style" is to practice writing endlessly, or rather rewriting of THE original text - "which actually does not exist" - , we can reasonably deduce that Literature is based on the same trial and error process the reader will inevitably take part in.

Acknowledging the various benefits that can be reaped from good quality education in schools, the primary aim of this study was to explore and investigate the effect of the BETD Graduates on the quality of education in primary schools, in Kunene region. Seventeen primary school principals took part in the study. They completed a questionnaire and the data was analysed using a qualitative method. Four main categories were investigated: (i) socio-demographic information (ii) the implementation of the BETD skills (iii) job performance and (iv) organizational effectiveness. This study suggests that there is a strong relationship between the type and quality of teacher education and its effect on the achievement and performances of learners in particular and the school in general. Therefore the quality of education in schools can be determined by the quality of the teachers on the ground. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The study focuses on the emotional experiences of parental bereavement of African adolescents who live in a rural environment. Findings revealed that the loss of a parent is very devastating for African adolescents. The adolescents received inadequate assistance from family, peers, community members or educators. It is essential after this study to uncover ways in which these adolescents could be assisted to cope with the loss of a parent who had been providing love, care, financial and material support, as well as safety and security. To gather data the researcher drew meaning from eight participants’ lived experiences from transcriptions of interviews with the participants. The participants, seven girls and one boy, were adolescents between the ages of twelve and fifteen years, who had lost their fathers. This study recommended that educators be equipped to take a major role in dealing with children in bereavement, since there are no educational psychologists or other professionals based in the school or neighbourhood. The community needs to be made aware of the plight of bereaved adolescents and should be introduced into giving positive and constructive assistance to these young people. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)