Orientador: Bela Feldman-Bianco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:12:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_GuilhermeMansur_M.pdf: 2826841 bytes, checksum: cbcaefe50eadf446d7bd6cd5daf72a6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa os significados da migração temporária de trabalhadores de diferentes nacionalidades para o Okemo Mountain Resort, um complexo turístico de esqui norte-americano localizado no estado de Vermont. Mostro como, na atual conjuntura global, o Okemo se organizou e estruturou seu crescimento com base na utilização de diferentes Programas para Trabalhadores Temporários estrangeiros do Estado norte-americano. O estudo de caso revela como as estratégias de obtenção desse tipo de mão-de- obra flexível pelo Resort articulam-se aos diferentes modos pelos quais grupos e sujeitos oriundos de contextos sociais distintos representam a experiência de migração sazonal nos EUA. Ao fazer isso, procuro desconstruir alguns pressupostos ¿megaconceituais¿ que orientam as discussões sobre esses fluxos de estrangeiros, mostrando a indissociabilidade de concepções particulares de ¿migração¿, ¿juventude¿, ¿trabalho¿ e ¿turismo¿ na experiência dos trabalhadores do Okemo. Tal perspectiva teórica ancora-se numa literatura que problematiza as diversas formas de deslocamento internacional características da globalização contemporânea através não da celebração de hibridismos, misturas e mobilidades, mas da proposição de estudos histórico-etnográficos atentos às relações de poder e às particularidades inerentes a tais processos / Abstract: This dissertation analyses the multiple meanings of the temporary migration of workers from different nationalities to the Okemo Mountain Resort, a North-American turistic complex localized in the state of Vermont. I show how, in the current global conjuncture, the Okemo made use of "Guestworker Programs" to expand, reshaping its internal labour market in the process. The case-study reveals how Okemo estrategies' to obtain flexible work-force from abroad are articulated to the different ways in which agents from different contexts represent the experience of temporary migration to the US. In the context of these debates, I seek to deconstruct some assumed ¿megaconcepts¿ which underlie discussions about the mobility of foreign workers to the US, showing that concepts like "migration", "youth", "work" and "tourism" cannot be dissociated in the experience of these workers. Such a perspective is based on a literature which discusses the different kinds of contemporary international mobility not through the celebration of hibridities and mixtures, but taking into account power relations and differences revealed by ethnografic informed analyses / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et comparative menée dans une station balnéaire landaise et une station de ski savoyarde, cette recherche examine les dimensions spatiales de la vie sociale des personnes qui habitent différents lieux au cours d’une même année pour travailler dans le secteur du tourisme. À l’articulation de la sociologie urbaine et des sociologies de la précarité et de la jeunesse, cette étude analyse les effets socialisateurs d’une relation discontinue à l’espace et au temps, au regard des multiples sphères de l’existence convoquées par cette discontinuité : professionnelle, résidentielle, relationnelle, conjugale, familiale et corporelle. Une approche synchronique montre d’abord comment des individus partageant une relative communauté de positions habitent de manière variable un même espace selon leurs caractéristiques sociales, leur trajectoire d’entrée et leur ancienneté dans le lieu. La comparaison entre ce qui se joue l’été dans une station littorale et l’hiver dans une station montagnarde confirme le poids des effets de lieu sur les modes d’appropriation différenciés de ces espaces et la manière dont se structure la vie sociale locale. Cette recherche permet également d’éclairer les effets sociaux de la précarité et la force socialisatrice des différentes formes d’adaptation secondaires qu’engage la discontinuité spatiale et temporelle. Pour beaucoup d’enquêtés, majoritairement âgés de moins de trente ans et issus des classes moyennes et supérieures, faire les saisons apparaît comme un moyen d’échapper provisoirement, par la mobilité, à la cristallisation d’une forme potentielle de déclassement social. Cette pratique, dans un contexte fortement marqué par la précarisation structurelle de l’emploi, s’inscrit alors dans une logique d’expérimentation associée à la jeunesse et de différemment de l’entrée dans l’âge adulte. En outre, la recherche montre comment l’ancrage local et l’attachement à un lieu de saison particulier, où la vie sociale est régie par l’interconnaissance et des relations de proximité, peuvent offrir différentes ressources face à l’instabilité et l’incertitude. Les formes de compensation symboliques à la précarité dont ces ressources deviennent les supports alimentent chez les enquêtés une forte intériorisation des contraintes sociales et de l’injonction à la mobilité portée par le capitalisme moderne. Une approche diachronique met ensuite en lumière les conditions sociales qui encadrent le parcours de bi-saisonnier mobile. Elle dévoile comment l’entrée dans le monde des saisons puis la stabilisation plus ou moins longue dans l’alternance apparaissent à la fois comme une forme de rupture avec la trajectoire antérieure mais aussi en continuité avec certaines dispositions incorporées dans le cadre familial ou professionnel. Avec l’avancée dans le cycle de vie, les contraintes induites par la vie de bi-saisonnier mobile et les faibles possibilités de projection qu’elles engagent entrent en tension avec les formes de stabilisation résidentielles, conjugales et professionnelles que suppose l’entrée dans la vie adulte. Ces tensions poussent la plupart des individus à rompre avec l’alternance saisonnière après quelques années d’expérience. Cependant, la force socialisatrice du milieu dans lequel ils ont évolué participe chez certains à une reconfiguration du destin social auquel ils étaient objectivement destinés au regard de leur milieu d’origine ou de leur trajectoire scolaire. Cette reconfiguration peut se matérialiser par la sédentarisation dans un lieu touristique investi temporairement au départ. / With the comparative ethnographic studies of a seaside resort in Les Landes and a Savoy ski resort as a starting point, this research examines the spatial dimensions of the social lives of people who inhabit different places within a same year to work in the tourism sector. Joining urban sociology and the sociology of youth and social insecurity, this study analyses the socializing effects of a discontinuous relationship to time and space, in the light of the multiple spheres of existence impacted by this discontinuity: professional, residential, conjugal, relational, domestic and corporeal. A synchronic approach first shows how individuals sharing a relative similarity in their positions inhabit a same space differently depending on social characteristics, their trajectory and their history at the resort. The comparison between what goes on in the summer at the seaside resort and in the winter at the mountain resort confirms the weight of place on the different appropriations of these spaces and the way local social life is structured. This research also sheds light on the social effects of social insecurity and the socializing power of different forms of secondary adaptation that spatial and temporal discontinuity engages. For many subjects, mostly under the age of 30 from middle – upper class backgrounds, being a seasonal worker appears to be a temporary way of escaping the crystallization of a potential social downgrading by staying mobile. This practice, in a context strongly marked by the structural precariousness of employment, fits into an experimentation logic linked to youth as opposed to entering adult life. Furthermore, this research shows how local anchoring and the attachment to a particular seasonal resort, where life is ruled by interconnections and local relationships, offer different resources to cope with instability and incertitude better. The symbolic ways of compensating for social insecurity for which these resources become the backing nourish a strong internalization of social coercion and the injunction to be mobile carried by modern capitalism. A diachronic approach then brings the social conditions that surround the course of a bi-seasonal mobile worker’s life to light. It shows how entering the seasonal working world and the stabilization in this alternating lifestyle seems to be both a break from the trajectory prior to it but also a continuity of certain dispositions previously assimilated in the home or professional spheres. With the advancement of life, the constraints of bi-seasonal mobile life, and the little outlook they entail, come into conflict with residential, domestic, marital and professional forms of stabilization that the characterizes the entrance into adult life. These conflicts eventually lead most individuals to stop the seasonal alternating lifestyle after a few years experience. However the socializing force of the social environment they have evolved in leads to a reconfiguration of their social destiny for some, which they where objectively destined to by their background or their education trajectory. This reconfiguration can materialize in the form of the settlement in a touristic place that had been inhabited temporarily in the first place.

Over the last decade, each year 2500 - 6000 Thai go to Sweden to work as berry pickers during the berry season via a regulated system of temporary work permits. Bangkok-based staffing agencies rely on the networks of local brokers to recruit workers in Thailand’s more peripheral northeastern Isan region, as part of the larger migration industry in Thailand. During the berry season, these local brokers also travel to Sweden and are part of the division of labour. Next to picking berries, their jobs can be cook, camp leader, and driver. Key concerns raised in relation to this seasonal work are precarity and vulnerability to exploitation, resulting from to the need to pay high fees to staffing agencies and a piece-rate wage-system. This thesis aims to analyze roles and positions across time and space of local Thai brokers. It does so by examining how they have come to occupy their current positions, and what their roles are in the recruitment process in Thailand and during the during the berry season in Sweden. Moreover, it investigates the interlinkages between these two roles, and how differences in remuneration and payments of fees shape precarity at the micro-scale. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in the Kaeng Khro district in Thailand in March 2019, this study suggests that the local brokers are industry veterans. Moreover, is suggests a large degree of variation in size and scope of local brokerage. During the berry season in Sweden, the local brokers tend to occupy positions above the regular berry pickers. Moreover, it is suggested that there is a differentiated precarity within the group of brokers, resulting from differences in the payment of wages and the need to pay fees to staffing agencies.

The purpose of this study is to describe if and how a seasonal based company named SkiStar, learns through the exchange of experience and knowledge. We have analyzed gathered qualitative and empirical data to explore this subject. We conducted three semi-structured group interviews with employees from the SkiStarshop division. They described their routines and procedures in SkiStarshop. The collected data was processed and analyzed through our theoretical framework. This framework consisted of research and theoretical presentations of the concepts: seasonal work, learning organization, single- and double-loop learning, mental models, shared visions and corporate amnesia. In conclusion this division, within this seasonal based company, was to some degree successful in acquiring and transmitting the employee’s knowledge and experience to next season’s employees. However, we found that the studied division’s transfer of knowledge and experience to other separate divisions within SkiStar was limited. Our final result is that this company has qualities of a learning organization with improvement potential in this same area. / Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva om och hur ett säsongsbaserat företag, SkiStar, arbetar med lärande i form av kunskaps- och erfarenhetsutbyte och hur det påverkar organisationens arbete. Vi har analyserat insamlad kvalitativ empirisk data för att svara på våra frågeställningar. Tre semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer genomfördes med anställda i SkiStar som berättade om rutiner och arbetssätt inom affärsområdet SkiStarshop. Det insamlade materialet bearbetades och analyserades mot studiens teoretiska referensram. Den utgjordes av en kunskapsöversikt och teoretisk presentation av begreppen: säsongsarbete, lärande organisation, singel- och double- loop learning, tankemodeller, gemensamma visioner och organisationsminnesförlust. Det visade sig att det studerade affärsområdet inom det säsongsbaserade företaget till viss del lyckades ta till vara på medarbetarnas kunskap och erfarenheter och överföra dessa till nästa säsong. Däremot fann vi att det studerade affärsområdets förmedling av kunskap och erfarenheter till SkiStars övriga affärsområden var begränsat. Resultatet är att vi har funnit att företaget till viss del är en lärande organisation.