A comprehensive programme evaluation can provide rational, credible data to support the decision to implement a new programme, to improve an existing one or to discontinue an ineffective one. The main aim of a formative evaluation is to offer suggestions for programme improvement. A qualitative study was conducted to explore how the introduction of a team effectiveness programme provided a process that individuals in the organisation were exposed to that linked the constructs of self-awareness and interpersonal sensitivity as a way to empower individuals with tools for effective team communication and collaboration. The main findings indicate that individuals who are more self-aware make an effort to understand and adapt their behaviour to accommodate others. By contrast, there are individuals who use this as a defence mechanism or as an excuse for not adapting their behaviour. The polar opposite results in a breakdown of trust, team cohesion and communication that counteracts the effectiveness of the programme. In the absence of effective leadership to drive and continually reinforce desired behaviour, the individual tends to revert back to old behavioural practices. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

本研究之主要目的，乃以生活型態為研究主軸，透過瞭解表演藝術觀賞者人口統計資料、自我監控、藝術觀感，來探討其與觀賞次數、媒體選擇、消息來源、考慮因素等觀賞行為的關係，提供政府單位與藝術團體在行銷上的參考。研究的另一目的，則在重新編製適合台灣社會使用的生活型態量表，以強調「活動」構面，來有效衡量出消費者真實的生活型態。 　　在研究方法方面，本研究使用問卷調查法，以兩廳院表演藝術觀眾資料庫為抽樣母體進行系統抽樣，總計獲得有效樣本483份，有效問卷率為30.43%。研究所使用的統計方法包括次數分配、平均數、標準差、因素分析、信度分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析及典型相關分析。 　　本研究主要結論如後： 　　一、由483份有效樣本發現，表演藝術觀賞者多為年輕、高教育程度者，並以女性所佔比例較高，多數未參加政黨及宗教信仰，台灣省籍（閩南人）佔多數，身份以上班族、學生、公教人員為主，每月所得以二萬元到四萬元居多，可自由支配於觀賞表演藝術活動的全額，則以一至三千元居多，其中近八成有過學習藝術的經驗。 　　二、藝術觀感經因素分析後，分為「機會學習藝術休閒」、「普及藝術、企業贊助」、「參與注意藝術活動」、「陶冶心性、藝術會友」，整體而言，表演藝術觀賞者的藝術觀感程度很高。 　　三、生活型態經因素分析後分為十六個因素，其中表演藝術觀賞者最同意「閱讀書報雜誌」、「加強藝文交流」、「聆聽流行歌曲、注意歌壇動態」，最不同意「觀看注意職籃棒賽」、「滿足現況、敦親睦鄰」、「追求都會休閒娛樂」的生活方式。 　　四、在表演藝術實際觀賞次數方面，觀賞較多依次為「西洋古典音樂」、「舞台劇」、「芭蕾舞、現代舞」，偏好排序亦同。 　　五、在觀賞相關因素方面，消息來源以「平面文宣」及「親友同學」為主，考慮因素除「注重演出內容水準」及「注重演出時間地玷」外，也相當「注重專家評語、媒體推薦」；媒體選擇方面，報紙以藝文版、生活旅遊版、頭版等閱讀比例較高，電視以名片欣賞、新聞、文化藝文節目觀賞比例較高，廣播則以音樂節目收聽較多。 　　六、在人口統計變項與生活型態的關係方面，發現性別、年齡、婚友狀況、教育程度、職業、所得、藝術經驗不同，確實在生活型態上有所差異。 　　七、在人口統計變項與實際觀賞次數的關係方面，除教育程度、藝術經驗外，性別、年齡、婚友狀況、職業、所得不同，在生活型態上有所差異。 　　八、在自我監控、藝術觀感與生活型態的關係方面，發現自我監控程度越高者，越傾向「參與藝文靈修活動」、「採取行動．保持身材」、「規畫生活、滿意安排」、「到戶外運動、與朋友相聚」；而藝術觀感程度越佳者，對藝術越有正面評價。 　　九、在自我監控與觀賞行為的關係方面，發現與實際觀賞次數的相關解釋力不足，但與觀賞相關因素的關係中，自我監控程度越高者，越常閱讀國際版、收看文化藝文節目，越注意「大型海報」、「藝文界朋友」、「專業雜誌」等消息來源。 　　十、在藝術觀感與觀賞行為的關係方面，發現藝術觀感程度越高者，越常觀賞西洋古典音樂、舞台劇、芭蕾及現代舞；越常閱讀藝文版、文教新聞版，也越常收看文化藝文節目，收聽古典音樂節目，而「大型海報」、「藝文界朋友」、「專業雜誌」是其主要消息來源，「演出水準」、「演出曲目、舞碼、劇碼」、「專家評語」、「媒體推薦」是主要考慮因素。 　　十一、在生活型態與觀賞行為的關係方面，與實際觀賞次數可抽出三組顯著典型相關，與媒體選擇可分別就報紙、電視、廣播抽取典型相關，與消息來源可抽出三組顯著的典型相關，與考慮因素則可抽取出兩組顯著的典型相關。

<p>Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new underfill-function in a POCT-instrument from HemoCue AB (Ängelholm, Sweden). The instrument is in use today among diabetes patients for self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). The new function is supposed to guarantee that measuring only will be performed on a sufficient sample volume to assure that the correct glucose value is received.</p><p>Methods and results: Blood samples (whole blood) from 12 patients were analysed with the instrument. Measuring were performed using different volumes in the cuvette. Full cuvette, 3µL, 2µL, 1µL and a measuring on an empty cuvette. The instrument performed measurements on all volumes added to the cuvette except for the empty cuvette. The less sample volume that was used the lower glucose values were reported by the instrument.</p><p>Conclusions: The new under fill-function did not work satisfactory. If such function would be more reliable it would be beneficial for the patient controlling hers/his bloodglucose provided that the testing procedure is being correctly done. This is very important because the results are often used to treat the patient.</p>

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new underfill-function in a POCT-instrument from HemoCue AB (Ängelholm, Sweden). The instrument is in use today among diabetes patients for self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). The new function is supposed to guarantee that measuring only will be performed on a sufficient sample volume to assure that the correct glucose value is received. Methods and results: Blood samples (whole blood) from 12 patients were analysed with the instrument. Measuring were performed using different volumes in the cuvette. Full cuvette, 3µL, 2µL, 1µL and a measuring on an empty cuvette. The instrument performed measurements on all volumes added to the cuvette except for the empty cuvette. The less sample volume that was used the lower glucose values were reported by the instrument. Conclusions: The new under fill-function did not work satisfactory. If such function would be more reliable it would be beneficial for the patient controlling hers/his bloodglucose provided that the testing procedure is being correctly done. This is very important because the results are often used to treat the patient.

First of all, this study deals with the religiosity in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity / and investigates whether there is a relationship between the self-monitoring and these types. The important point here is that non-religious individuals were studied under this scope, as well. Another building block of the study is the relationship between religiosity and political participation forms. Just as religiosity, political participation was reviewed from a multi-dimensional point of view and conventional, unconventional and post-modern participation were investigated both in terms of non-religious, intrinsic and extrinsic religious individuals. Likewise, the relationship between political participation and self-monitoring was analyzed, as well. The important point for the study here is that no other study of a similar nature has been found neither in the national nor international literature, and that, therefore, the study will contribute to both in this sense. A questionnaire was conducted on 872 university students. Numerous analyses were conducted in this study in order to reveal the relationship among these concepts. As a result of the study, it was found that the intrinsic religiosity is associated with low-self-monitoring while the extrinsic religiosity is associated with high-self-monitoring. In addition, it was determined that self-monitoring is positively influential on the political participation. In parallel to the relationship of the self-monitoring with the religiosity, it was found out that the extrinsic religious perform more participation in every form of political participation than the intrinsic religious.

Verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedelsbranschen har ett ansvarar för att den mat som producerats är säker. År 2009 gjordes ändringar i den svenska livsmedelslagen där bland annat kraven försvann på att verksamhetsutövare måste ha skriftliga rutiner och dokumentation (Lindblad, Westöö, Lindqvist, Hjertqvist &amp; Andersson, 2009). Oavsett om verksamhetsutövarna har skriftliga rutiner och dokumentation eller inte måste de kunna bevisa att de har tillräcklig kunskap för att arbeta med livsmedelshantering. Genom ett fungerande system för egenkontroll, alltså en egen kontroll av verksamheten, skapas säkra livsmedel och risken för matförgiftning minskar (Israelsson, 2006). Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka verksamhetsutövarna inom livsmedelsbranschens uppfattning om egenkontroll. Denna studie bygger på kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken verksamhetsutövare inom livsmedelsbranschen och en livsmedelsinspektör. Urvalet av respondenter till studien begränsades till en kommun i södra Sverige. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in och transkriberades sedan ordagrant för analysering. Respondenterna i studien såg positivt på förändringen i dagens lagstiftning, men många hade ändå valt att ha kvar sina gamla egenkontrollprogram. De såg det som en säkerhet och trygghet i att kunna gå tillbaka till den och luta sig mot de rutiner som fanns nedskrivna. / Food businesses are responsible to ensure that the food they produce is safe. In 2009 changes were made to the Swedish laws on food safety, with one of the resulting changes being that the previous requirements of having written procedures and documentation disappeared (Lindblad, Westöö, Lindqvist, Hjertqvist &amp; Andersson, 2009). However, whether a business has written procedures and documentation or not, it must still be able to prove that it and its employees have enough knowledge to safely work with food. Through a functioning system of self-monitoring, the risk of food poisoning decreases (Israelsson, 2006). The aim of this study is to investigate the food business' opinion regarding the self-monitoring system. This study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six operators within the food business as well as one food inspector. The respondents to the study were geographically limited to southern Sweden. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The respondents in this study were positive to the change in current law, but many still chosen to retain their old self-monitoring system. They saw it as a safety measure as well as being beneficial when it comes to going back and look at the documented routines.

過去在防禦型印象管理策略前因的探討相當缺乏，應徵者端的前因文獻存在缺口，故本研究欲探討防禦型印象管理的三種策略：「道歉」、「開脫」與「合理化」策略的選擇因素包含應徵者的自我監控特質與國籍差異，並將五大人格特質納為本研究的控制變項。本研究採問卷法，透過紙本與網路兩種收集管道，總共收集了台灣與非台灣(歐洲)兩地共171份有效樣本，其中台灣為102份，非台灣(歐洲)則為69份。 本研究結果指出，應徵者在進行防禦型印象管理戰術選擇時會因國籍的不同而有差異，特別是對於「道歉」與「開脫」策略的影響，台灣樣本傾向使用前者，而歐洲樣本則傾向使用後者，然而「合理化」策略並未有差異；至於自我監控特質則僅影響「合理化」策略的使用，對「道歉」與「開脫」策略的使用並無影響。本研究結果同時提供面試官與應徵者如何解讀防禦型印象管理戰術；對企業而言，面試官並無法完全藉由應徵者使用的防禦型印象管理戰術推測其自我監控特質；對應徵者而言，合理化策略在研究結果中為一保守且安全的策略使用。 / In the past, there are lacks of researches studied about the antecedent of defensive impression management tactics. Especially the antecedents of applicants’ side are still unknown, and that is the purpose of this research. This research plans to explore the effects of applicants’ self-monitoring and nationality differences on the choices of applicants’ defensive impression management tactic. Paper and online questionnaire methods were conducted. 171 samples were been collected which were from Taiwan and non-Taiwan (Europe). There were 102 samples from Taiwan area and 69 samples were from non-Taiwan area which is Europe area. The results show that the nationality differences affect applicants’ choices of defensive management tactics, especially apology and excuse tactics. Samples from Taiwan area tend to choose apology tactic. However, samples from non-Taiwan (Europe) area prefer to choose excuse tactic in the same situation. And self-monitoring only affects justification tactic. These results can provide the guidance for both interviewers and applicants. For interviewers, it’s not suitable to infer applicant’s self-monitoring by the tactic he/she chose. And for applicants, justification tactic could be a safe option in such situation.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can be effective in preventing poor outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus but previous research has identified that SMBG is not being undertaken in line with current recommendations. Guidance informs health professionals to educate patients on how they should self-monitor but very little is know about how patients self-monitor in the real world. In this thesis, a quantitative scoping study is first presented. This study used routine data sources to examine the levels and patterns of self-montoring in different population groups and then proceeded to a larger qualitative study to explore and question what patients are doing in practice in relation to self-monitoring, and why. This involved a qualitative multi-case study of patients, their support people, health care practitioners (HCPs) and patient diaries. Ten individuals and their nominated support people and HCPs formed ten cases among whom 21 in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out and six patient diaries analysed. The exploratory work was framed around Stones’ version of structuration theory and uncovered a complex linkage of individual motives for monitoring, associated responses and behaviours in relation to the motive, and the underpinning attitudes and beliefs behind the motive. The following key points emerged from the analysis. People have differing relationships with their diabetes and this links with the level of engagement they have with their condition. Resistance to support people and health services was commonly observed. Experiences of diabetes reviews were important, with an identified need for them to feel more like collaboration and less like surveillance. A significant factor was the gaps and limitations in knowledge and understanding around diabetes for patients, relatives, support people and HCPs; and, finally, there was a noted maintenance of blood glucose levels higher than recommended through SMBG in several participants, which stemmed from a fear of hypoglycemic episode. The analysis concluded that although self-monitoring of blood glucose, in theory, and when considered in isolation, is a simple process to undertake, its application in the wider context of self-management and the individual is much more complicated. The process is influenced by many complex factors and generates a variety of responses and behaviours, some not in keeping with good diabetes self-management. There was a significant lack of person-centered approaches to managing diabetes which was, in part, due to existing health systems and processes. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness of the gaps that exist in terms of such approaches as well as the gaps in knowledge and understanding of individuals with diabetes and those caring for and supporting them. In more specific terms, it is essential to develop and evaluate individual approaches to patients in relation to their self-monitoring and associated self-management in the context of their own lives, which involves the assessment of engagement and understanding around self-monitoring.

Rapporten presenterar ett arbete som har haft som fokus att undersöka vilka designriktlinjer som bör vägleda formgivningen av en mobilapplikation för self-monitoring, om syftet är att stödja människor med bipolär sjukdom. Arbetets frågeställning har undersökts genom ett användarcentrerat designarbete vilket inneburit att människor med diagnosen bipolär sjukdom inkluderats och därigenom haft möjlighet att uttrycka sitt perspektiv. Processen har baserats på metoder inom området för User Experience Design där arbetsprocessen innefattat utveckling av en pappersprototyp, konceptutforskning med tillhörande intervju, storyboards samt designriktlinjer. Som en avslutande del har tre mobilapplikationer, vilka marknadsförts som verktyg för self-monitoring av humör, utvärderats utifrån de inom examensarbetet utvecklade designriktlinjerna. Utvärderingen visade på stora brister vilket indikerar att behoven hos de användare som lever med bipolär sjukdom inte tillfredsställs genom de mobilapplikationer som finns tillgängliga på marknaden. Arbetets främsta bidrag är de slutgiltiga designriktlinjerna: 1) Påminn om viktiga aktiviteter; 2) Den sociala och privata användaren; 3) Förstå och motiveras; 4) Det personliga verktyget samt 5) Lättare än en dagbok, som uppmärksammar vilket innehåll en mobilapplikation för self-monitoring bör tillhandahålla för att vara till nytta för användare med bipolär sjukdom.

Up to 60% of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) do not participate in regular physical activity (PA) despite the known benefits. To encourage these individuals to increase PA behavior, this study tested the feasibility and implementation of a nurse-directed counseling intervention using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). The study used a framework derived from self-efficacy theory to 1) compare changes in self-efficacy, BP and activity counts between participants receiving CGMS counseling and standard T2DM counseling, 2) examine relationships between PA self-efficacy and BP and activity counts, 3) evaluate recruitment, retention, and screening strategies, and 4) assess instrument reliability and utility. Adults (N=52) with T2DM (non-insulin requiring, inactive) were randomized to intervention (n=27) or control groups (n=25). Both groups received 90 minutes of diabetes education with a follow-up phone call at 4 weeks. The intervention group also received feedback on their own CGMS graphs and a role model's graph depicting PA related reductions in glucose levels. PA benefits/barriers were discussed and goals were set. Outcomes were recorded at 1 and 8 weeks. Participants were older (57±14 years), predominantly (90%) white, about half (52%) female, and had diabetes for 8±7 years. Relative to the control group, participants receiving the intervention had higher self-efficacy scores at 8 weeks, indicating more confidence in sticking to a PA program. Their light/sedentary activity minutes decreased significantly and moderate activity minutes increased significantly; systolic BP, A1c and BMI decreased significantly. Only self-efficacy for "Sticking to it" was positively associated with moderate activity. The most successful recruitment media was multiple newspaper press releases. Most referrals came from endocrinology physicians. Of 231 study volunteers, 106 did not meet the criterion of A1c≥7.5%. These data suggest that CGMS feedback is feasible for counseling individuals with T2DM to improve PA and may improve risk factors for diabetes-related complications. Newspaper press releases are effective for recruiting participants with T2DM. Less restrictive inclusion criteria in a larger study may allow more participation by sedentary individuals with T2DM but may reduce effect size. CGMS was well tolerated and its data aided diabetes-related teaching.