How can we build small scale dynamic shapes with what we have? This project will present a method to build your own free form wooden structure without relying on high-tech computer programs or custom made parts from expensive factories.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente dissertaÃÃo trata da proposiÃÃo de diretrizes para a melhoria do setor serviÃo em HabitaÃÃes de Interesse Social (HIS) tendo-se por base a anÃlise quantitativa e qualitativa de autoconstruÃÃes. Està em andamento, na atualidade, uma mudanÃa na lÃgica de concepÃÃo de novos produtos, na qual as informaÃÃes de clientes em potencial tÃm sido mais amplamente consideradas. No Ãmbito da arquitetura e construÃÃo, sobretudo com a participaÃÃo ativa da iniciativa privada na produÃÃo de HIS, tem-se dado uma maior importÃncia para a consideraÃÃo das necessidades dos futuros usuÃrios na etapa de planejamento e projeto de novas edificaÃÃes. Um tipo de instrumento utilizado para a aferiÃÃo da adequabilidade do espaÃo construÃdo e a satisfaÃÃo dos usuÃrios consiste na AvaliaÃÃo de PÃs-OcupaÃÃo (APO). Pesquisas que relatam os resultados deste tipo de aferiÃÃo, no entanto, tÃm apontado para a insatisfaÃÃo dos usuÃrios com relaÃÃo ao setor serviÃo em HIS. Objetivando propor diretrizes projetuais para este setor, optou-se, assim, por analisar o setor serviÃo em habitaÃÃes autoconstruÃdas como forma de obter informaÃÃes de clientes em potencial para este segmento do mercado imobiliÃrio. Estabeleceram-se duas etapas complementares de coleta e anÃlise de dados: a primeira, quantitativa, e a segunda, qualitativa. O setor serviÃo foi analisado em um total de 80 habitaÃÃes autoconstruÃdas atravÃs de levantamento fÃsico, registro fotogrÃfico e realizaÃÃo de entrevistas com os moradores. O levantamento dos dados permitiu uma anÃlise quantitativa, com base em indicadores tÃcnicos, e qualitativa, com base em entrevistas. Ao final, foi feito um estudo comparativo de todas estas informaÃÃes com diretrizes mÃnimas para o setor serviÃo definidas pela literatura, de forma a validÃ-las e ampliÃ-las. Entende-se que a principal contribuiÃÃo da presente pesquisa consiste na melhoria dos espaÃos de HIS com base em informaÃÃes de clientes em potencial, agregando, assim, valor ao produto final: a edificaÃÃo. / This dissertation deals with the proposition of guidelines for the improvement of the service area in social housing and was based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of self-built houses. Currently, the design logic of new products has been changing, and the potential customerâs information have been more widely considered. In the building and construction field, especially because of the growth ofthe private sector participation in the production social housing, Ithas been given greater importance to the consideration of the future usersâ needs at the stage of planning and designing new buildings. One type of instrument used to measure the suitability of the building and the userâs satisfaction is the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE). Surveys report that the results of this type of measurement, however, have pointed to the usersâ dissatisfaction in the regard of theservice area in social housing. This research aims to propose design guidelines for this sector, so it has been decided to analyzeof the service areain self-built housing, considering that It would be possible to generate information about potential customers in social housing. Two complementary stages of data collection and analysis were settled: the first one, quantitative, and the second one, qualitative. The service area was analyzed in a total of 80 self-built dwellings through physical survey, photographic records and interviews with residents. The survey data allowed a quantitative analysis, based on technical indicators, and a qualitativeanalysis, based on the interviews. Finally, a comparative study was made of all this information opposed to guidelines for the service area defined in the literature in order to validate them and enlarge them as well. It is understood that the main contribution of this research is the improvementsocial housing environments based on potential customersâinformation, adding value to the final product: the building.

Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreno_MayradeMattos_M.pdf: 31675100 bytes, checksum: 2792fd629fdb63ab03fc46066d708989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os grandes centros urbanos vêm enfrentando alterações em seu clima devido,principalmente ao, crescimento acelerado que remove vegetação impõe a impermeabilização direciona ventos e afeta a insolação. Estas alterações podem ser observadas tanto em áreas centrais quanto em bairros periféricos incluindo aqueles caracterizados pela autoconstrução. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é propor parâmetros para implantação efetiva de áreas verdes em bairros em esenvolvimento caracterizados pela autoconstrução consolidada. As variáveis componentes do conforto urbano estudadas para as unidades de caso, foram radiação solar,temperatura, umidade do ar e ventos predominantes, compondo o conjunto de variáveis ambientais, em relação à morfologia e uso do espaço urbano adaptado foramanalisados: a topografia do sítio, blocos de edificações, densidade, gabarito, materiais de construção, cor das edificações, pavimentação, áreas verdese espaços livres.A dinâmica urbana: leis de zoneamento e características populacionais foram observadas. Através do método de caracterização das áreas , regressão e interpolação dos dados de sensação térmica e de conforto foram gerados parâmetros e ferramentas como: gráfico em três dimensões da zona de conforto para clima tropical de altitude, mapas de conforto formula e definição de intervalos confortáveis. Concluiu-se que a implantação de áreas verdes em regiões urbanas em desenvolvimento e/ou sedimentadas, se deve ocorrer com base em parâmetros que favoreçam o seu melhor aproveitamento para o conforto urbano, como caminho dos ventos predominantes, densidade, morfologia do sítio, distribuição viária, além do conhecimento das características dos habitantes dos bairros de seus hábitos e práticas cotidianas / Abstract: The phenomenon of climate alterations in urban centersi s a well-known fact. The rapid growing of cities imposes the removal of vegetation, affects permeability, changes wind directions and affects insolation. These changes are observed mainly in urban central areas but also in cities outskirts, including those characterized by theself-built housing. The main objective of the present work is to define parameters for implantation of green areas in developing urban regions characterized by consolidated self construction. For this research component variables of urban comfort for the studied areas were analyzed: solar radiation, air temperature relative humidity, speed and direction of prevailing winds; in relation to adapted urban space, topography and land use (blocks of construction material, density, buildings height, external surface colour of the constructions, pavement materiais, green areas and public spaces) were discussed; urban laws and population characteristics were also investigated. The characterization of the areas, regression and interpolation method of the measured data with those obtained in a survey among the inhabitants of the city district about thermal sensation and comfort,allowed to establish parameters and tools as: graph in three dimension sof the comfort zone for tropical climate of altitude, comfort maps, formulas and definition of comfortable intervals. In conclusion, it is shown that for implementation of green areas in urban settlements, either in development or consolidated, it is necessary to follow parameters that favour the improvement of urban comfort, such as the path of prevailing winds, site density and morphology, streets distribution. It is importan to have in mind the inhabitants'characteristics, customs and daily practices / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This diploma project investigates serial produced housing and the possibilities of type house construction. In spring 2020, the government report “Building and living at lower cost - proposals for better competition in housing construction” was published. It proposes a change in the building law that would allow planning permissions for serial produced multi-family houses despite the projects violating the detailed plan or area regulations. I used this report as a starting point for an analysis of affordable housing in Sweden. As a part of that analysis, I have focused the architectural research on Kombohusen sold by SABO, which has currently been reproduced on more than one-hundred sites across Sweden. Additionally, I did parallel research on the work of Walter Segal who developed a method of timber construction in the 70s that enabled cheap timber buildings to be constructed by non-professional self-builders as an alternative way of creating affordable housing.
 Both the research of the serial produced and the self-built revealed to me that their core architectural concepts lie in the detail drawing. That is why this diploma explores constructional details of a house that could potentially be mass produced. It proposes a system based on a lightweight sandwich unit made of timber. The unit forms the basis for larger elements that can be transported on site and erected rapidly.
 The design of the units evolved around a belief that one of the challenges of an architect lies in drawing and redrawing buildings that can serve society beyond the life cycle of their original shape. As such, the units, the elements, and the house should be easy to assemble, adjust and dismantle to ensure long-term maintenance and reusability.

My Interior Design practicum is an inquiry about the nature of urban informality through the study of present and emerging urban vernaculars within Kambi Moto, an informal area in Nairobi Kenya. I argue that unique vernacular characteristics manifest in everyday living and can be captured through the experience and knowledge of self-builders, entrepreneurs and dwellers within informal settlements. An understanding of these vernacular characteristics is instrumental in the designing of meaningful and effective social housing prototypes. The main methods used to document vernacular characteristics include, post occupancy evaluations (POEs), time diaries, photographs and observation. Within an interior design context, these tools helped describe the spatial needs, wants and desires of the everyday dwellers of Kambi Moto. The four resulting compact housing configurations support one-to-ten member households with provisions for a home-based business (HBB) or a rental unit. All units have an adaptable rooftop with a garden.

My Interior Design practicum is an inquiry about the nature of urban informality through the study of present and emerging urban vernaculars within Kambi Moto, an informal area in Nairobi Kenya. I argue that unique vernacular characteristics manifest in everyday living and can be captured through the experience and knowledge of self-builders, entrepreneurs and dwellers within informal settlements. An understanding of these vernacular characteristics is instrumental in the designing of meaningful and effective social housing prototypes. The main methods used to document vernacular characteristics include, post occupancy evaluations (POEs), time diaries, photographs and observation. Within an interior design context, these tools helped describe the spatial needs, wants and desires of the everyday dwellers of Kambi Moto. The four resulting compact housing configurations support one-to-ten member households with provisions for a home-based business (HBB) or a rental unit. All units have an adaptable rooftop with a garden.

La construction en terre devient un sujet d’actualité pour l’architecture contemporaine occidentale. En revanche, au Mali, le matériau terre est aujourd’hui délaissé. Ce paradoxe invite à porter notre attention sur le territoire malien, afin d’apprendre du terrain les implications du matériau terre, notamment à l’échelle urbaine. Au Mali, la ville en terre est aujourd’hui essentiellement synonyme de patrimoine figé. Il existe pourtant un secteur urbain bien vivant : l’urbanisation informelle, qui, stimulée par les énergies de survie, génère une dynamique spatiale spécifique. C’est à partir de cette réflexion générale que l’étude s’est resserrée sur un petit quartier informel essentiellement construit par des pêcheurs Bozo de la ville de Bamako, capitale du Mali. Le filtre employé pour analyser le terrain utilise la triade d’Henri Lefebvre : Temps, Espace, Energie. La posture du narrateur consiste ici à profiter du regard décalé du voyageur pour dévoiler ce qui renvoie à des questions universelles. Le statut d’étranger permet, en effet, de voir la réalité du terrain informel sous un jour nouveau. L’écriture opère ici comme un révélateur du terrain, elle élabore un « point de vue » qui modifie en profondeur les représentations urbaines. L’essence de cette recherche porte sur la mise en lumière d’une logique urbaine enfouie et dissimulée dans l’espace informel. Ce travail consiste à monter en théorie des processus qui font émerger une culture constructive et urbaine particulière au contexte du quartier. L’enseignement ainsi issu du terrain suggère un potentiel d’exploitation sur le lieu lui-même (valorisation), et sur d’autres contextes (déterritorialisation). / Earth construction is becoming a popular topic in Western architecture, yet in the context of traditional Malian construction techniques earth has largely been abandoned. This paradox asks us to turn our attention to the reality on the ground in West Africa, in order to understand the implications of using earth as a building material, especially on an urban scale. Today the earthen city is essentially synonymous with cultural heritage, but there is one place where it is alive and well— informal urbanization. This sector is stimulated by the necessities of survival, which generate remarkable spatial dynamics. From this general observation, this study was narrowed to a small informal fishing district in the city of Bamako. The ultimate purpose of this research is to highlight an urban logic buried and hidden in informal space. This work consists in writing a theory of informal urbanization that is contextually and culturally specific, according to a "bottom-up" principle. The narrator takes advantage of the peculiar perspective of the traveler in order to shed light on more universal questions. Indeed, the position of the stranger allows us to see the reality of informal spaces in a new light. The act of writing makes explicit certain processes that animate the site; it develops a "point of view" that fundamentally changes urban representations. Lessons learned as well as derived from the field pave the way for certain vernacular principles to be reused on site. At the same time, such a vernacular theory allows us to transfer these principles to other sites by means of deterritorialization.

Orientadores: Lucila Chebel Labaki, Paulo Vatavuk / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenhria Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T09:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MarielaCristinaAyresde_D.pdf: 6670093 bytes, checksum: 7493d382fbba10e3322a45d4388ad370 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A ventilação natural é um dos fatores importantes na qualidade e no conforto da habitação. Para ser eficiente, é necessário que o projeto seja adequado à realidade urbana e climática da região. No Estado de São Paulo, a casa autoconstruída , em geral, não recebe o apoio técnico necessário para a qualidade desejada do projeto. Muitas vezes, a falta de qualidade se reflete aos parâmetros de conforto dos moradores. Dentre esses parâmetros, a ventilação, ao redor das edificações, depende da implantação tanto do loteamento, quanto das edificações que oferecem, ou não, condições de arejamento e ventilação. Dentre as maneiras de estudar-se a ventilação natural, optou-se, nesse trabalho, pelo método baseado em simulações computacionais, com utilização de CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), através do software Phoenics. A proposta do projeto é avaliar, através de modelagem computacional, as alterações na ventilação natural no espaço do lote padrão, exterior às habitações; ocasionadas por transformações construtivas nestas edificações. A partir de um banco de dados existente sobre loteamentos autoconstruídos em Campinas/SP, em 2000, verifica-se, após cinco anos, modificações projetuais nas habitações do loteamento São José, analisando-se as alterações no domínio do lote e averiguando seus efeitos sobre a ventilação. A inserção do problema no software divide-se em três momentos de análise: 1-) parâmetros de simulação a serem utilizados; 2-) ar externo e a relação com o entorno próximo; 3-) entorno próximo e a relação direta com a área livre do lote. Como forma de relacionar os valores virtuais com a realidade, foi proposta uma quadra típica, contendo habitações reais existentes no bairro onde se coloca, lado a lado, a mesma habitação com e sem as alterações encontradas no período de cinco anos. A análise para os valores de convergência é feita através de gráficos e as alterações são monitoradas por meio de videos retirados do próprio software, nos quais é possível analisar, pela construção de linhas de corrente específicas, as diferenças gerais em cada casa. Os resultados demonstram a interferência das alterações dos projetos na velocidade e no fluxo do vento. A observação geral da quadra, e o diagnóstico de cada casa, constatam as alterações na relação do fluxo e velocidade do vento na malha urbana, as quais, na maior parte dos casos, são negativas. A contribuição do trabalho é a constatação de que: a-) alterações particulares interferem no fluxo do vento do espaço externo, repercutindo nas áreas urbanas do entorno próximo; b-) geram recirculação do ar quando são a modificação consiste na construção de coberturas, ou seja, superfícies horizontais; c-) aumentam a geração de vórtices nas vias locais, quando utilizados muros ao invés de grades, isto é, alterações verticais. Quanto à urbanização das autoconstruções, o trabalho contribui para a conscientização sobre o problema da largura cada vez menor das vias locais e possíveis melhorias nas diretrizes para autoconstrutores. / Abstract: Natural ventilation is one of the important factors in housing quality and comfort. It is necessary that the project is adequate to the urban reality of the region and climate so that ventilation is effective. In the State of São Paulo, self-built houses often do not receive the necessary technical support to the desired quality of the project. Often, the lack of quality is reflected in the parameters of comfort for residents. Among these parameters, ventilation around the buildings depends on the site planning, which defines the conditions of aeration and ventilation. Among the research methods for natural ventilation, in this work it was chosen that based on computer simulations, through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), using the software Phoenics. The aim of the work is to evaluate through computational modelling the changes in natural ventilation in the space of the standard lot, outside the house, due to constructive modification in these buildings. From a database on existing lots characterized by self-built houses in Campinas, SP, in 2000, is was observed, after five years, the design modifications in the housing of the settlement São Jose, analysing the alterations in the lot and examining their effects on ventilation. The insertion of the problem in the software is divided into three stages of analysis: 1 -) simulation parameters to be used, 2 -) external air in its relation with the surrounding, 3 -) and the near surrounding in its relationship with the open area of the lot. In order to relate the virtual values with the reality, a typical block was proposed, containing existing houses in the neighbourhood, placed side by side, the same houses with and without the occurred modifications in the five years. The convergence analysis for the values is carried out through graphs and changes are monitored by means of videos obtained from the software, where it is possible to verify, through specific stream lines, the general differences in each house. The results show the interference of changes in the projects and in the wind flow velocity. The general observation of the block, and the diagnosis of each house, show the changes in the flow and wind speed in the urban network, which in most cases are negative. The contribution of this work is the fact that: a-) individuals changes affect the wind flow from the outer space, with consequences in the nearby urban areas b-) they generate recirculation of air when the modification is the construction of roofs, that is, horizontal surfaces, c-) they increase the generation of vortices in local streets, where walls are used instead of fences, that is, with vertical changes. In relation to self-built urban settlements, the work contributes to the awareness of the problem of ever smaller width of local streets and possible improvements in guidelines for selfbuilders. / Doutorado / Edificações / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

This project asks questions about identity, place and the role of structures as memory aids. It specifically deals with the aftermath of having moved from one culture to another,  and how being surrounded by a new and foreign architectural world can interrupt one’s connec-tion to the sense of self. Working from the question “Can I recreate what I lost by using an imaginary architecture imbued with my memories?” I create what I call architectural ghosts, structures made with porcelain, wood, wire and metal as an attempt to replace the memory connections I lost when leaving Mexico.

「天下雖安，忘戰必危」，基於國防科技發展攸關一國武力消長，且一旦武器外購管道受阻，國家安全及命脈均將受到威脅。面對國際情勢的複雜變化、中國大陸軍力的擴張、南海及東海領土領海主權爭議、美國「再平衡」的戰略作為、非傳統安全問題，造成亞太地區的安全困境及軍備競賽，嚴重影響整體區域安全，欲確保臺海和平及區域穩定，我們絕不能寄望他人的善意，唯有積極強化國防自主，方能有效維護國家安全。有鑑於自主國防理念，我國推行「國艦國造」政策，期以扶植國內造船產業發展，並帶動國家整體經濟發展，然「國艦國造」並非一蹴可及，需要長期努力及結合造船團隊才能逐步達成，本文即以決策理論為基礎，以「決策者」、「利益團體」及「官僚體系」等三種決策模型，分析國艦國造政策主要窒礙問題為，缺乏重工業基礎，造艦關鍵總成能量不足、政府未整合相關產業推展窒礙，適時修訂相關法令、造艦與修艦概念未整合，全壽期委外造艦模式難以推展等。並續以精進造船廠策略聯盟等六項建言修訂「國艦國造」整體政策，並期許國防部及民間造船產業鏈上的每一分子，均應以國家整體利益為重，以「國防定要自主的決心」共同完成「國艦國造」的光榮使命。 / Facing a changing international environment with traditional and non-traditional issues, such as military expansion of People’s Republic of China, territorial disputes in South and East China Sea, the U.S. “rebalancing”, etc., it is important to keep the national defense independent and accordingly maintain cross-strait peace and regional stability in East Asia. Therefore, Taiwan has promoted the “self-built warship” policy as a long-term goal in order to foster local shipbuilding industry, to encourage economic growth, and most important of all, to realize the ultimate goal which is self-defense. This thesis is trying to analyze the current problem of “self-built warship” under the decision-making framework by using the decision-maker model, the interest groups model, and the bureaucratic organizations model. Through these three models, I conclude that several obstacles hindering the policy promotion: lack of foundation of heavy industries, lack of key technology for shipbuilding, lack of capacities to integrating related industries, lack of proper law-making, lack of consistent capacities of constructing and repairing, and difficulties in outsourcing with total life cycle of warship. Finally, the author provides six policy recommendations improving the “warship self-built” policy which is expected to be fulfilled for the self-defense, a long term military defense policy in Republic of China on Taiwan.