No description available.

The master paper explores the activities of the municipality in the general municipal institutional system. Works of Lithuanian and foreign authors on local self-government, functions of the municipality as well as the municipal institutional structure are being analysed and systematized thus, a municipal institutional structure model in Lithuania is being presented and analysed. Evaluation of the Laws of the Republic of Lithuania regulating actions of the community and municipal institutions as well performed. Authors hypothesis is being approved that the efficient functioning of the municipal institutional structure depends on the united activities of the city community, municipalitys council add administration as well.

Right to Local Self-Government - Summary The diploma thesis deals with topic of Right to Local Self-Government in the Czech Republic. Chapter one is introductory and summarizes contemporary theoretical approaches to the concept of territorial Self-Government and the nature of the right on it. Furthermore this chapter explains the importance of territorial Self-Government and describes its evolution in the bohemian lands, while it puts closer look to the restoration of territorial Self-Government and its design after 1989. Finally, this chapter looks at position of the Czech Republic in the typology of local government systems. Second Chapter examines all Constitutional complaints on the infringement of the rights of Self-Governments (municipalities), while it describes the circumstances under which the lawsuit emerged, and discusses the argumentation of the Czech Constitutional Court. The thesis summarizes data on author of the complaint, authority accused of the infringement, and result of the case. In the third chapter the thesis discusses other important judgements of the Czech Constitutional Court on the Self- Government and the rights of municipalities. It focuses on the most important judgements on the content of the right to Self-Government and day-to-day conduct of municipalities. In the fourth...

The dissertation analyzes the subsidiarity principle as one of the key methods of social performance of modern jurisprudence, protection of human rights, social harmony, state governance and self-government. The dissertation presents the evolution of the concept of subsidiarity, analysis of the meanings of its use to enable the understanding of subsidiarity as an ethical and social value, which is important in shaping the value orientations, in further development of the social state, improving the efficiency of institutional system management, protection of individual rights and their effective implementation in the state organization. The dissertation analyzed the European Union legislation and documents of institutions important for the understanding of the concept of subsidiarity and its practical application, by demonstrating how through the application of this principle the competences of the institutions of the European Union and national authorities are identified and, based on the principle of decision making in the lowest link of the management chain (closest to the citizens) the state distributes authorisations for the institutions of the different management level (national, regional or local). The dissertation presents the analysis of national legislation which imposes the principle of subsidiarity, discussed the impact of the principle on the system of legal institutes, its use in the state governance and local self-government, characterizes the subsidiarity... [to full text] / Disertacijoje yra analizuojamas subsidiarumo principas kaip vienas pagrindinių šiuolaikinės jurisprudencijos, žmogaus teisių apsaugos, socialinio sugyvenimo, valstybės valdymo ir savivaldos socialinio veiksmingumo metodų. Disertacijoje pateikiama subsidiarumo sampratos raida, jo vartojimo reikšmių analizė, leidžianti subsidiarumą suvokti kaip etinę ir socialinę vertybę, kuri yra svarbi formuojant vertybines nuostatas, toliau plėtojant socialinę teisinę valstybę, didinant institucinių sistemų valdymo efektyvumą, asmens teisių saugos ir jų įgyvendinimo veiksmingumą valstybės organizacijoje. Disertacijoje aptariami teoriniam subsidiarumo principo sampratos suvokimui ir jo praktiniam taikymui svarbūs Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai ir institucijų dokumentai, parodoma kaip jį taikant identifikuojamos Europos Sąjungos ir valstybių narių institucijų kompetencijos bei, vadovaujantis sprendimų priėmimo žemiausioje valdymo grandyje (arčiausiai piliečių) principu, valstybėje paskirstomi įgaliojimai skirtingo (valstybinio, regioninio ar vietos) valdymo lygmens institucijoms. Disertacijoje pateikiama nacionalinės teisės aktų, įtvirtinančių subsidiarumo principą, analizė, aptariamas šio principo poveikis teisinių institutų sistemai, jo panaudojimas valstybės valdymui ir vietos savivaldai, apibūdinama subsidiarumo principo paskirtis valdžios institucijų sąrangoje, nustatant ir atribojant institucines galias, parlamentinės ir administracinės kontrolės objektą, nagrinėjamos šio principo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The primary aim of this study is to provide a deeper and more complete understanding of why the great municipal amalgamation (storkommunreformen) during the 1940s became the political solution to the problem that the Government believed many of Sweden’s municipalities had in satisfactorily providing for a local welfare society. The study also describes the results of this large-scale reorganization process. The events examined include the political decision-making process at the national level that took place during 1939-1949, as well as the regional/local realization of these decisions during 1946-1952. The parliamentary treatment of the municipal division issue should be viewed as a good example of what researchers have termed a Swedish decision-making model. One clear manifestation of this was the fact that the national commission that investigated the question primarily formulated the principles for the reform. The committee’s proposal received strong endorsements in the reports from the reviewers of the proposal. The government authorities and many of the municipalities felt that a new division of municipalities was justified. Opposition that did occur came mostly from rural municipalities with small populations. Many of these municipalities believed that the present municipal divisions functioned well as they were. Of those municipalities that were affected by amalgamation, 39 percent of them did not agree with the decision. The majority of these could agree to merge with other municipalities, but not with the municipalities stipulated by the authorities. Considering the fact that the then current divisions were based on a long tradition, demands for retaining independence could have been greater. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that 66 percent of all larger municipalities were formed using some level of force. This still indicated a relatively widely distributed opposition to the amalgamation decisions, however.

In my diploma thesis I deal with the history of the Německý (today Havlíčkův) Brod in the nineteenth century. I am watching the fate of Josefa Menšíková, Czech patriot and the local mayor's wife. But the diploma work is not limited to one region. Partly I devoted to the town history of Třebíč and Tišnov or phenomenon of Czech emigration to the United States related to the area of Nebraska. Throughout my diploma thesis, I notice the local self-government of the Německý Brod, transformation of the city and its inhabitants and fates of Josefa Menšíková friends. (Karel Havlíček, Ferdinand Čenský). Keywords Havlíčkův Brod; Karel Havlíček Borovský; National emancipation; Německý Brod; Local self-government

TITLE: Selected questions of normative regulation of the Czech educational system AUTHOR: Michaela Fořtová DEPARTMENT: Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy SUPERVISOR: JUDr. Stanislav Sádovský, PhD., LLM, MSc ABSTRACT: The thesis is devoted to the problems of normative regulation in the sphere of the Czech educational system. At the very beginning it defines regulation and its influence within the framework of jurisprudence in the form of normative regulation. Therefore the dissertation deals with the term of legal standard, its structure and the types of legal norms. It indicates normative regulation in practice, thus in selected laws. Thereafter it performs classification of normative instruments in education, which is made on the basis of law sources difference. The end of this thesis is dedicated to normative regulation of the educational system, which is illustrated by selected documents. Then regulation is evaluated and possibilities of its improvement suggested. KEYWORDS: school system, rule-making, law sources, self-government, inspection

The position of local self-government in the regulation of lotteries and other similar games This thesis covers the position of local self-government in the Czech republic in the regulation of gambling. The role of local self-government, especially the municipalities, was rather recently reinforced thanks to a series of changes during the last two years. My objective is to describe the development of the position of local administration in this area and through an impartial opinion show the consequences of the aforementioned changes. My thesis is composed of three parts. Before I start dealing with the essential topic of my thesis, I have to define the basic notion in the first part of my work, by which I mean the notion of lotteries and other similar games of chance not only according to Act No. 202/1990 Coll., but also according to the foreign legislation (e.g. Belgian). I mention two basic aspects of this notion. The first one is based on the civil law and the second one much more important to my thesis is based on the norms of public law. After this selection I continue with classification of games of chance, but accordnig to my thesis, I try to show the differences between the games of chance that are object of the regulation of local self-government and the games of chance that are not. The most...

La péréquation française est devenue un enjeu fort des finances publiques locales. La croissance des moyens financiers et du nombre de dispositifs consacrés à la réduction des inégalités entre collectivités territoriales en est l’illustration. Malgré la mise en œuvre de péréquations nationales aux résultats encourageants, la cohérence et la complexité des mécanismes restent à parfaire. L’incapacité législative à contenir la péréquation dans un cadre stable et délimité n’est pas étrangère aux difficultés à appréhender la conciliation entre deux grands principes : la liberté et l’égalité. A ce titre, les grandes théories de la justice redistributive développées depuis le siècle des Lumières sont à considérer. Au contraire de la Loi fondamentale allemande, la Constitution française permet au législateur d’organiser très librement la solidarité inter-collectivités, d’autant que le juge constitutionnel, précurseur et gardien du droit à la péréquation, exerce en la matière, un contrôle incomplet au détriment de l’autonomie financière et fiscale des collectivités. A partir des fondements théoriques et positifs de la péréquation, un droit effectif et respectueux de l’autonomie locale reste à construire afin de corriger les insuffisances d’un système péréquateur récemment modifié par la réforme des lois de finances pour 2010 et 2011. / The financial equalisation system in France has become crucial in the management of local authorities. By way of illustration, there is an ongoing growth of financial resources, systems and plans of action to reduce inequalities between local governments and districts. Despite the encouraging results in the national equalisation implementation, its consistency and complexity mechanisms are to be enhanced. The disability to define freedom and equality contains the legislator in the design of stable and defined framework for equalisation. As such, the theory on a uniform distribution raised since the Age of Enlightenment, is to be considered. Unlike the German laws and regulation, the legislator is free to set up rules of financial interdependency among local authorities in the French Constitution. The constitutional judge, precursor and equalisation decision-maker, supervise an insufficient control to the detriment of financial and fiscal autonomy of local authorities. From the basis of equalisation benefits, there are some evident difficulties surrounding the limit of this system in respect to the degree of local authority’s financial autonomy. An operational review of both horizontal and vertical equalisation mechanisms, as well as the choice of redistribution criteria should be undertaken. The stakes are high to adjust and put right the shortcomings of the equalisation system, recently modified by a financial regulation reform for 2010 and 2011.

- Position, organization and activities of the Czech Bar Chamber The object of the diploma thesis "Position, organization and activities of the Czech Bar Chamber" is to provide complex description of the legal nature of the Czech Bar Chamber and aspects of its position in the system of public administration, to thoroughly introduce the organization of the Czech Bar Chamber including position and authority of each of its bodies and last but no least to also zoom in on the scope of its major activities. The diploma thesis consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter of the diploma thesis deals with the legal nature and position of the Czech Bar Chamber as an organization of professional self-government in the system of public administration encompassing in the first part of the chapter general explanation of the public administration and its division and explanation of the self-government with focus on professional self-government. The second part of the chapter zooms in on all aspects of that position, specifically legal enactment and statutory regulations, vested administration, the scope of activities and liability, the nature of legal regulations, members, independence and financing of the Czech Bar Chamber. The second chapter of the diploma thesis discusses...