146f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-13T17:50:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ironildes Franca.pdf: 408703 bytes, checksum: 37100227656b91b1d7a1a8d6f339e10d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T17:04:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ironildes Franca.pdf: 408703 bytes, checksum: 37100227656b91b1d7a1a8d6f339e10d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T17:04:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ironildes Franca.pdf: 408703 bytes, checksum: 37100227656b91b1d7a1a8d6f339e10d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / As raízes das preposições a, em e para da língua portuguesa podem ser traçadas desde as preposições latinas ad, in e da locução prepositiva per ad. Esses simples morfemas assumem diversos significados e usos ao longo dos séculos e expressam simples idéias concretas de deslocamento de coisas e/ou pessoas, tanto quanto as mais abstratas noções de dedicação, devoção e atribuição. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar o processo de gramaticalização passado pela preposição a, em textos representativos dos séculos XVI e XVII, e observar até que ponto ocorre interferência de campos semânticos entre as preposições a, em e para, identificando as sutilezas de seus usos. / Salvador

Data mining is the nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. It is widely acknowledged that the role of domain knowledge in the discovery process is essential. However, the synergy between domain knowledge and data mining is still at a rudimentary level. This motivates me to develop a framework for explicit incorporation of domain knowledge in a data mining system so that insights can be drawn from both data and domain knowledge. I call such technology "semantic data mining." Recent research in knowledge representation has led to mature standards such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL) by the W3C's Semantic Web initiative. Semantic Web ontologies have become a key technology for knowledge representation and processing. The OWL ontology language is built on the W3C's Resource Description Framework (RDF) that provides a simple model to describe information resources as a graph. On the other hand, there has been a surge of interest in tackling data mining problems where objects of interest can be best described as a graph of interrelated nodes. I notice that the interface between domain knowledge and data mining can be achieved by using graph representations. Therefore I explore a graph-based approach for modeling both knowledge and data and for analyzing the combined information source from which insight can be drawn systematically. In summary, I make three main contributions in this dissertation to achieve semantic data mining. First, I develop an information integration solution based on metaheuristic optimization when data mining task require accessing heterogeneous data sources. Second, I describe how a graph interface for both domain knowledge and data can be structured by employing the RDF model and its graph representations. Finally, I describe several graph theoretic analysis approaches for mining the combined information source. I showcase the utility of the proposed methods on finding semantically associated itemsets, a particular case of the frequent pattern mining. I believe these contributions in semantic data mining can provide a novel and useful way to incorporate domain knowledge. This dissertation includes published and unpublished coauthored material.

The three structural possibilities marking a noun with an English article are a, the, and Ø (the absence of an article). Although these structural possibilities are simple, they encode a multitude of semantic and pragmatic functions, and it is these complex form-function interactions that this study explores and explains using a semantic map model. The semantic map that is proposed contains three dimensions, which I refer to as Grammatical Number, Referentiality, and Discourse Mode. Each of these dimensions contains a number of further semantic values or pragmatic functions - which I will label "attributes" - that are implicated in English article choice. Various semantic map versions are tested and compared with a methodological approach that uses data collected in a controlled protocol from an elicited conversational discourse. The version that performed best is used as a basis for proposing a comprehensive semantic map that includes the following dimensions and dimensional attributes: a Number dimension with 3 attributes (singular, plural, and uncountable); a Referentiality dimension with 11 attributes, including 7 referential attributes that describe kinds of identifiability (proper names, shared lexis, shared speech situation, frame, current discourse, identifiable to speaker only ["new reference"], and identifiable to neither speaker nor listener [non-specific]) as well as 4 non-referential attributes (categorization, general non-referential expressions, finite verb [verb-object] "noun incorporation", and idioms); and a Discourse Mode dimension with 4 attributes (headline, immediacy, normal, and reintroducing). This model of English articles contributes to the field of research on articles as well as to the field of English language instruction and learning. In addition, it is suggested that the methodological paradigm used to test the semantic map model may be useful as an experimental paradigm for testing semantic maps of other constructions and languages.

Atualmente, os avanços tecnológicos, principalmente nas áreas de controle e automação, facilitam a inclusão de alarmes em sistemas de supervisão de plantas industriais. É possível incluir um número quase que ilimitado de alarmes com variação de tipos para cada ponto de medição de um processo. Consequentemente, o volume de informações cresce significativamente e isso pode ser prejudicial, uma vez que limita a habilidade do operador no gerenciamento de anomalias e pode exceder sua capacidade de realizar ações eficazes durante o funcionamento do processo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre modelagem semântica de contexto e utiliza uma base histórica de informações de eventos para análise de padrões. Dessa forma, o intuito é, por meio dos dados de contexto, obter conhecimento útil para inferência e determinação da situação. Uma aplicação real onde são investigados eventos ocorridos em uma planta de uma usina térmica de geração de energia elétrica é usado como estudo de caso para aplicar as ideias desenvolvidas bem como para validar a proposta. Decorrente desse estudo, é proposta uma ontologia de domínio específico implementada a partir de um modelo semântico de contexto. Por fim, é apresentada uma implementação de regras semânticas. / Nowadays, technological advance, especially in the areas of control and automation, make it easy alarm inclusion in supervision of industrial plant systems. You can include a number almost unlimited of alarms with different types for each measurement point of a process. Consequently, the volume of information grows significantly and this can be harmful since it limits the ability of the operator in managing anomalies and may exceed its ability to carry out effective actions during operation of the process. This work presents a study of semantic modeling of context and uses historical bases event information to identify patterns. Thus, the intention is use this context data to obtain useful knowledge for inference and define the situation. A real application where events of a thermal power plant for electricity generation are investigated is used as a case study to apply the ideas developed and to validate the proposal. As a Result of this study, it is proposed a specific domain ontology implemented from a semantic model of context. Finally, it is presented an implementation of semantic rules.

Metadados vêm sendo utilizados amplamente para descrever objetos de aprendizagem na Web. Contudo, mesmo que a adoção de um único padrão de metadados pudesse assegurar a reusabilidade de recursos e interoperabilidade entre aplicações, ainda não existe um esquema de metadados que seja apropriado para preencher todos os requisitos de cada aplicação. Com isso, a criação de novos padrões de metadados e perfis de aplicação torna-se constante com o passar dos anos. Atualmente, a Web está sendo estendida pela Web Semântica de forma sistemática. A integração dos seus dados vem sendo obtida em grande parte pela adoção de ontologias. A presente dissertação propõe uma abordagem de representação de conhecimento em três camadas baseada em ontologias para metadados educacionais. Esta abordagem é composta de ontologias modulares com intuito de aumentar o reuso e otimizar o processamento de inferências dos metadados. Além disto, é proposto um método de interoperabilidade entre metadados descritos em XML e OWL para a proposta de ontologias modulares. Os resultados apresentaram ganhos quanto ao uso de ontologias modulares e verificações de cardinalidades em mundo fechado. As ontologias propostas apresentam uma representação de conhecimento de forma unificada e são compatíveis com as tecnologias atuais da Web Semântica. / Metadata has been broadly employed to describe learning objects on the Web. However, even with the adoption of a unique metadata standard could secure reusability of resources and interoperability among applications, there is no metadata schema that would be enough to comply with all requirements of each application yet. Therewith, the creation of new metadata standards and profile applications are regularly over the years. Nowadays, the Semantic Web is extending the Web systematically. The integration of data has been activated mostly by the adoption of ontologies. This dissertation proposes an approach to knowledge representation in three layers based on ontologies for educational metadata. This approach is composed of modular ontologies that aim improve reuse and optimize the inference processing of metadata. Beyond that, an interoperability method is proposed to metadata described in XML and OWL to the modularized ontologies. The results show some optimization in using modular ontologies and cardinality verification in a closed world. The proposed ontologies unify the knowledge representation and they are compatible with the current Semantic Web technologies.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Devido a uma abordagem superficial feita na maior parte das gramáticas normativas de língua portuguesa no Brasil, a análise de conectivos, infelizmente, fica restrita muitas vezes a uma listagem de diversas conjunções / locuções conjuntivas e, portanto, minimiza-se um rico estudo idiomático, tão necessário à compreensão dos elementos que compõem os discursos, pois há neles uma quantidade considerável de funções importantes a serem avaliadas. É visível que, além das dificuldades inerentes à compreensão dos aspectos idiomáticos, o leitor não possui, em muitas oportunidades, conhecimento de mundo suficiente para compreendê-los. O que problematiza consideravelmente também a percepção de um conteúdo textual é o não reconhecimento dos valores possíveis dos conectivos. Parece que esses valores são imutáveis e que bastaria memorizar certas conjunções para sabê-los. Entretanto, o reconhecimento gramatical desse componente mostra-se importante na constituição e entendimento dos enunciados discursivos bem como nas funções de ordem morfológica e sintática. O que se pretenderá alcançar neste trabalho é justamente ampliar as dimensões de emprego e valores possíveis desses conectores, e propiciar assim uma visão macro desse tão importante recurso gramatical.Dessa forma, procurar-se-á ampliar o estudo dos conectivos, não só com os valores possíveis vinculados ao contexto em que estão inseridos, como também com os mecanismos textuais propiciados por eles, ou seja, um estudo funcional das conjunções/locuções conjuntivas / Due to a superficial approach done in most of the prescriptive grammars of Portuguese language in Brazil, the analysis of connectives, unfortunately, is very often limited to a listing of several conjunctions / subjunctive phrases and, so, rich idiomatic, so necessary study is minimized to the understanding of the elements that compose the speeches, since there is in them a considerable quantity of important functions to be valued. It is visible that, besides the difficulties inherent in the understanding of the idiomatic aspects, the reader it has not, in many opportunities, knowledge of sufficient world to understand them. What do it worst considerably also the perception of a textual content is it not recognition of the possible values of the connectives. It seems that these values are inalterable and that it would be enough to memorize certain conjunctions to know them. Meantime, the grammatical recognition of this component appears important in the constitution and understanding of expressed discursive as well as in the functions of morphological and syntactic order. What to intend to reach in this work is just to enlarge the dimensions of use and possible values of these connectors, and to favor so a vision macro of this so important grammatical resource.This way, is tried to enlarge the study of the connectives, not only with the possible values linked to the context in which they are inserted, but also with the textual mechanisms favored by them, in other words, a functional study of the subjunctive conjunctions / phrases

O presente trabalho objetiva discorrer acerca do potencial semântico-expressivo do predicativo, bem como de seu perfil modalizador. Enxergamos essa função sintática como um elemento modalizante em essência, já que, em muitos casos, o falante consegue demonstrar sua opinião por meio de seu uso, agregado a escolhas lexicais convenientes. Em muitas partes da dissertação, a semântica e a estilística conseguem explicar melhor o fenômeno modal do predicativo. A sintaxe não dá conta disso sozinha. Falamos ainda da topicalização do predicativo como um recurso modalizador, bem como da noção de balizamento.Usamos também como exemplos um corpus exemplificativo heterogêneo para mostrar que o predicativo, topicalizado ou não, funciona como recurso modalizador, semântico e expressivo / This paper aims to discuss about the expressive semantic-predicative potential, and his modalizator profile. We see this syntactic function as a modalizating element "in essence, because, in many cases, the speaker can show his/her opinion using it, connected with lexical convenient choices. In many parts of the dissertation, semantics and stylistics can better explain the phenomenon of predicative modal form. Syntax does not make it herself. We still talk about predicative topicalization as a modalizator resource and also talk about the concept of "marking". We also use heterogeneous corpus examples to show that predicative, topicalizated or not, works as a modalizator, semantic and expressive resource

abstract: The concept of Linked Data is gaining widespread popularity and importance. The method of publishing and linking structured data on the web is called Linked Data. Emergence of Linked Data has made it possible to make sense of huge data, which is scattered all over the web, and link multiple heterogeneous sources. This leads to the challenge of maintaining the quality of Linked Data, i.e., ensuring outdated data is removed and new data is included. The focus of this thesis is devising strategies to effectively integrate data from multiple sources, publish it as Linked Data, and maintain the quality of Linked Data. The domain used in the study is online education. With so many online courses offered by Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), it is becoming increasingly difficult for an end user to gauge which course best fits his/her needs. Users are spoilt for choices. It would be very helpful for them to make a choice if there is a single place where they can visually compare the offerings of various MOOC providers for the course they are interested in. Previous work has been done in this area through the MOOCLink project that involved integrating data from Coursera, EdX, and Udacity and generation of linked data, i.e. Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples. The research objective of this thesis is to determine a methodology by which the quality of data available through the MOOCLink application is maintained, as there are lots of new courses being constantly added and old courses being removed by data providers. This thesis presents the integration of data from various MOOC providers and algorithms for incrementally updating linked data to maintain their quality and compare it against a naïve approach in order to constantly keep the users engaged with up-to-date data. A master threshold value was determined through experiments and analysis that quantifies one algorithm being better than the other in terms of time efficiency. An evaluation of the tool shows the effectiveness of the algorithms presented in this thesis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

abstract: Keyword search provides a simple and user-friendly mechanism for information search, and has become increasingly popular for accessing structured or semi-structured data. However, there are two open issues of keyword search on semi/structured data which are not well addressed by existing work yet. First, while an increasing amount of investigation has been done in this important area, most existing work concentrates on efficiency instead of search quality and may fail to deliver high quality results from semantic perspectives. Majority of the existing work generates minimal sub-graph results that are oblivious to the entity and relationship semantics embedded in the data and in the user query. There are also studies that define results to be subtrees or subgraphs that contain all query keywords but are not necessarily ``minimal''. However, such result construction method suffers from the same problem of semantic mis-alignment between data and user query. In this work the semantics of how to {\em define} results that can capture users' search intention and then the generation of search intention aware results is studied. Second, most existing research is incapable of handling large-scale structured data. However, as data volume has seen rapid growth in recent years, the problem of how to efficiently process keyword queries on large-scale structured data becomes important. MapReduce is widely acknowledged as an effective programming model to process big data. For keyword query processing on data graph, first graph algorithms which can efficiently return query results that are consistent with users' search intention are proposed. Then these algorithms are migrated to MapReduce to support big data. For keyword query processing on schema graph, it first transforms a keyword query into multiple SQL queries, then all generated SQL queries are run on the structured data. Therefore it is crucial to find the optimal way to execute a SQL query using MapReduce, which can minimize the processing time. In this work, a system called SOSQL is developed which generates the optimal query execution plan using MapReduce for a SQL query $Q$ with time complexity $O(n^2)$, where $n$ is the number of input tables of $Q$. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2016

Orientador: José Eduardo Santarem Segundo / Banca: Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa Santos / Banca: Elvis Fusco / Resumo: O aumento dos fluxos de informação na Web, devido a difusão e utilização cada vez maior das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), tornam substancial a criação de tecnologias capazes de otimizar o acesso aos recursos informacionais e à informação. O recurso audiovisual que cresce desordenadamente requer soluções concernentes à estruturação, representação, interoperabilidade e à sua recuperação, gerando discussões muito necessárias na área da Ciência da Informação. A Web Semântica se propõe a possibilitar estruturação e a significação dos conteúdos na Web, para que computadores possam processar e interpretar o conteúdo para uma recuperação de informações mais eficiente, apresenta-se como o universo adequado para muitos estudos e pesquisas. Nesse contexto, o projeto Linked Data prevê melhores práticas para disponibilizar dados facilitando a interoperabilidade e a recuperação de informações. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar e analisar os conjuntos de dados sobre recursos audiovisuais no contexto do Linked Data, buscando verificar como a estrutura dos padrões de descrição pode contribuir para o ambiente informacional digital na representação de recursos e na interoperabilidade. O método utilizado foi o descritivo e exploratório, que consistiu no levantamento e documentação bibliográfica sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa e no estudo de ontologias e de padrões de metadados para descrição de recursos audiovisuais. A etapa exploratória consistiu na análise ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increase in Web information flows due to diffusion and increasing use Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) make substantial creating technologies that optimize access to information resources and information. The audiovisual resource that grows inordinately requires solutions concerning the structure, representation, interoperability and recovery, generating much needed discussions in the area of Information Science. The Semantic Web aims to enable the structuring and the significance of the content on the Web, so that computers can process and interpret the content for more efficient information retrieval, is presented as the appropriate universe for many studies and research. In this context, the project Linked Data provides best practices to provide data to facilitate interoperability and information retrieval. The objective of this work is to identify and analyze the data sets of audiovisual resources in the context of Linked Data, in order to verify the structure of the description of patterns may contribute to the digital information environment in the representation of resources and interoperability. The method used was descriptive and exploratory, which consisted of the survey and scientific literature on the central themes of research and study of ontologies and metadata standards for describing audio-visual resources. The exploratory phase consisted in the analysis of data sets audiovisual feature available in Linked Data. It is concluded that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre