Mentalisering innebär förmågan att förstå och tänka kring egna och andra människors intentioner och inre mentala tillstånd. Mentaliseringssvikt uppstår när man brister i denna förmåga. Mentaliseringssvikt har visats vara vanligt hos individer diagnostiserade med borderline personlighetsstörning, och då de har liknande symtombild som individer med uppmärksamhetsstörning (ADHD) har det påtalats att mentaliseringssvikt kan vara en betydelsefull faktor även hos denna grupp. I denna studie genomfördes 6 semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys med syftet att undersöka erfarenheter av mentalisering hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD. Frågeställningar var följande: hur beskrivs upplevelser som har med mentalisering att göra, och hur upplevs de påverka ens sociala interaktioner och relationer? 3 teman framgick: 1. Mina interpersonella relationer är både trivsamma och mödosamma, 2. Tankar och känslor påverkar mig intensivt samt 3. Jag utvecklas och har fått större självkännedom från mina konstruktiva men också destruktiva strategier. Resultatet diskuterades i relation till att denna grupp av intervjudeltagare upplevt eller upplever mentaliseringssvikt. Framtida forskning föreslås utforska kopplingar mellan ADHD och mentaliseringssvikt vidare. / Mentalization is the ability to understand and to think about your own and other people’s intentions and internal mental states. Impaired mentalizing occur when there is a lack of this ability. Impaired mentalizing is common among individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, and since they have symptoms similarities with individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it has been discussed whether impaired mentalizing might be a significant factor among this group of individuals as well. 6 semi-structured interviews were completed in this study and was analysed through an inductive thematic analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of mentalizing among a group of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. The questions of interest were the following: how do individuals with ADHD describe their experiences that is related to mentalizing, and what are their experiences of mentalization affecting their social interactions and relationships? 3 themes emerged: 1. My interpersonal relationships are both pleasant and strenuous, 2. Thoughts and feelings affect me intensely and also, 3. I develop and have gotten greater self-awareness from my constructive and destructive strategies. The results are discussed in relation to this group of interview participants having experienced or is experiencing impaired mentalizing. Future research is suggested to focus further on linkages between ADHD and impaired mentalization.

The thesis is focused on research for children's understanding of social stratification on primary school. The main topic are children's representations of the structure of society regarding occupations. The aim is the diagnoses of children's understanding reflecting the structure of society. It tries to reveal if children on primary school percieve invisible network of statuses and roles that result from the structure of our society and carry social rules and agreements. The theoretical part defines socialogical terms, deals with topics concerning the structure of society and describes past and current theories of social stratification. It also presents home and foreign research of children's understanding. Considering a little amount of research on this topic, the thesis draws inspiration from another theses focused on the same topic, yet aimed at children on secondary school. The practical part describes the qualitative research of the thesis. The major issue is How and on which basis a child thinks about the structure of society regarding occupations?. Qualitative research using the method of the depth semi-structured interview studies criteria taken into consideration by children thinking about this topic. The results are analysed by the method of process coding and presented by...

8 Abstract The diploma thesis Case study of Klecánky allotment site or there is not one gardener like the other is a case study of one of the huge allotment sites located near the village Zdiby on the north periphery of Prague. The aim of the thesis is to find out who the garden plot users are and what motivations for being in the allotment site they have. Furthermore to find out which concept of their garden plots they have chosen and which functions the allotment site satisfies. The thesis puts special emphasis on sustainable development aspects of gardening and on the values and value orientations of the garden plot users. The research was conducted with methods of participant observations and semi-structured interviews. In the course of the research it turned out that the gardeners demonstrate lots of common characteristics, however, their attitudes and values are different in substantial aspects. This is connected with the extent of their cultivation of fruits and vegetables. It also appeared that this fact is strongly related to the age and to the extent of busyness of the garden plot users. The analysis reflects these findings and besides the description of the gardeners as one social group it also refers deeply to each of the gardener groups. The outcomes of the thesis can help to understand to the...

The diploma thesis deals with gender aspects of preschool education from kindergartens leading's view. The main aim was to research situation and approach to gender equality in preschool education. Because of it I have decided to focus on knowledge and attitude of leading of kindergartens and their importance to preschool curriculum and also to order of children group from the gender perspective. The theoretical part summarizes findings about school socialization, preschool institutions and documents about curriculum. This part also focus on viewpoint of character of institutional children education, studies of school and preschool socialization and the aspects which are cause for feminization of preschool education. The empirical part introduces the methodological steps of the research. That means method, data collecting or the way of questioning which work on the constructivism and critical theory. This offers the results of analysis of semi-structured interviews. The main part of the thesis includes the results of twelve research and refers to occurrence of gender topics in the space of kindergartens - construction of professional identity of leading schools or definition of teaching and preschool education. The research refers to understanding of gender issues by preschool leaders in connection...

This paper examines how we discuss social issues in the L2 classroom under the guidelines of Lgr11. To answer this, I ask the following sub-questions; How are the overall goals of education and parts (see Appendix B) of the Curriculum for English currently perceived by English teachers? How are the social subjects in the L2 classroom currently handled? Thirdly, what kind of lesson plan can be implemented in the classroom context under the guidelines of Lgr11? Looking at past research and relevant documents along with the qualitative data and through a triangulation of evidence carried out consisting of semi-structured interviews, supported by netnography research I propose a lesson plan using the collaborative action research model. All data was collected through technical means such as Zoom, phone calls and Facebook groups. The results of the interviews with teachers have shown that there is a unity in some respects with similar interpretations of Lgr11 and the curriculum. As well as differences of views and approaches concerning social issues in the L2 classroom. Based on the netnography research findings, most tasks given consisted of receptive skills while productive skills were used less. The netnography also supported the interview findings in the claim that popular topics were used more, whereas unpopular topics were neglected significantly. CLIL as a method was found to be absent in most of the collected data with some exceptions.

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This study aims to explore the English 5 syllabus in relation to what aspects of English are covered and what changes were introduced in the new 2022 version of the upper-secondary-school English 5 course in Sweden. Another aim is to compare and contrast the new English syllabus with the attitudes, practical implementation and priorities and non-priorities of Swedish upper secondary school teachers of English towards the new English 5 syllabus. The method used in this study was a semi-structured interview and the data analysis method was qualitative content analysis. The study found that only very few meaningful changes were made to the English syllabus and it further found that none of the interviewed teachers felt that the changes to the syllabus had affected their teaching. Teachers perceived the reformed English 5 syllabus to be much about the same things that are stated therein and stated different priorities depending on their teaching situation and the student groups they taught. Three out of the four participants stated having both particular priorities and non-priorities in their teaching. The findings of this study were in accordance with the theoretical background and previous research in the field. The findings of this study are relevant as they provide a clear description of the reformed syllabus and its educational consequences for teachers to utilise in order to better understand how to implement the changes to their teaching. Additionally, it may encourage state agencies to take teachers' perceptions and experiences into account when making policy decisions.

At the turn of the century, photographers started a transition from analogue to digital photography: a transition which took years to complete. The photographic landscape is now in a new period of development, with new AI-programs based on machine learning. These programs can be about (I) editing programs that aim to streamline the photographic workflow or correct pictures with technical flaws, such as reducing grain from a high ISO or enlarging pictures. The programs also incorporate (II) AI generated images based on prompting from an AI-artist, so called text-to-image programs like DALL-E 3, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion and Firefly 2. In this study we have done seven semi-structured interviews with Swedish photographers. We have used a postphenomenological theory based on Don Ihde’s philosophy. In analyzing the material from the interviews we have used narrative analysis. The results showed that photographers who worked in advertising, with organizations or clients had a higher tolerance for image manipulation with (II). These photographers valued effectiveness in their workflow and saw a larger need to adapt to new technology. While nature photographers valued authenticity and used (I) sparingly. Another result from the study was that Swedish photographers do not consider (II) photography and do not think that AI generated images should be allowed to compete in photo competitions, only in certain categories with only AI generated images.

Detta examensarbete behandlar hur olika företag reducerar ställtider samt hur de förhåller sig tillvarandra och beskriven teori. Problemområden som detta arbete behandlar är huvudsakligen standardiserad arbetssätt, produktionsplanering samt rengöring och underhåll. Arbetet går främst ut på att analysera tillvägagångssätten, faktorer samt metoder som bidrar till hur företag reducerar ställtider. Med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra olika företag gjordes en litteraturstudie som stöd till de olika problemområden som företagen brottas med. Genomförande av kodning som går hand i hand med semistrukturerade intervjuer som var till hjälp för att få en tydligare helhetsbild över företagens syn på hur ställtider reduceras men gjorde det även enklare att hitta samband och mönster i förhållande till de problem som bidrar till ställtider. En analys och jämförelse gjordes mellan de fyra olika företagen för att se hur de eliminerar de problem som uppstår i produktionen. Det kunde påvisas att det rådde både likheter och olikheter bland företagen. De främsta likheterna var hur företagen eliminerade problemområden som uppstod. De olikheter som fanns bland de olika företagen kunde knytas till ledningens kunskap om just ställtidsreduktion, det rådde olika kunskapsnivåer. En annat viktig faktor som bidrog till olikheter bland företagen var deras storlek i volym som i sin tur även påverkar produktionsförmågan. / This thesis deals with how different companies reduce downtime and how they relate to each other and described theory. Problem areas that this work deals with are mainly standardized working methods, production planning and cleaning and maintenance. The work is mainly about analyzing approaches, factors and methods that contribute to how companies reduce downtime. With the help of semi-structured interviews with four different companies, a literature study was conducted to support the different problem areas that the companies struggle with. Implementation of coding that goes hand in hand with semi-structured interviews that was helpful in gaining a clearer overall picture of companies' views on how set-up times are reduced, but also made it easier to find connections and patterns in relation to the problems that contribute to set-up times. An analysis and comparison was made between the four different companies to see how they eliminate the problems that arise in production. It could be shown that there were both similarities and differences among the companies. The main similarities were how the companies eliminated problem areas that arose. The differences that existed among the different companies could be linked to the management's knowledge of downtime reduction, there were different levels of knowledge. Another important factor that contributed to differences among companies was their size in volume, which in turn also affects production capacity.

The thesis is focused on research for children's understanding of social stratification on secondary school. The aim is the diagnoses of children's understanding on the topic of social stratification - finding the reflection of class inequalities, interpretation of the causes of social stratification, own evaluation of the society and ideas of social mobility. In the first part was defined the theoretical base of the thesis - the concept of social stratification and basic scientific theories of social stratification, constructivism, children's understanding of the world. Also were presented foreign and home research for understanding of social stratification. In the second part were defined methodological basis of the thesis and were presented the results of a qualitative research for children's understanding using the method of the depth semi-structured interview. The research results suggested that students understand the topic of social stratification and reflect it in a different way. KEYWORDS: constructivism, preconcept, children's understanding, social stratification, qualitative research, semi-structured interview