Dans cette thèse, des structures MEMS de type micropoutre ont été conçues pour des applications capteurs. Un procédé de fabrication alternatif au silicium, associant la technique de sérigraphie à l'utilisation d’une couche sacrificielle (SrCO3), a été utilisé pour la réalisation de micropoutres piezoélectriques (PZT, matériau servant à la fois d’actionneur et de transducteur) dans un premier temps. Des tests de détection en phase gazeuse ont été réalisés avec et sans couche sensible avec succès à l’aide du mode de vibration non conventionnel 31-longitudinal. Le toluène a notamment pu être détecté à des concentrations voisines de 20ppm avec une couche sensible PEUT. D’autres espèces telles que l’eau, l’éthanol ou l’hydrogène ont été détectés sans couches sensibles afin de s’affranchir des contraintes liées à celle-ci (vieillissement notamment). Des tests préliminaires de caractérisation en milieu liquide ont également été réalisés avec dans l’optique la détection d’espèces en phase liquide. Par ailleurs, un capteur de force a été conçu et réalisé avec le même procédé de fabrication. Ce dernier est composé d’une micropoutre en matériau diélectrique sur laquelle est intégrée une piezorésistance servant à la transduction du signal associé à la déformation subie par la micropoutre. Des détections de force en mode statique (sans actionneurs) ont permis de caractériser les capteurs, notamment en termes de sensibilité, de gamme de force et de force minimale détectable ou encore de linéarité. / The project concerns the conception, fabrication and characterization of cantilever-type MEMS structures for sensors applications. An alternative process to silicon related ones, associating the screen-printing technique to a sacrificial layer (SrCO3), was used to realize piezoelectric cantilevers (PZT material utilized as actuator and transducer) in a first time. Detections in gas phase were performed successfully with and without sensitive layer thanks to the unusual 31-longitudinal vibration mode. Namely, we were able to detect toluene at concentrations as low as 20ppm with a PEUT sensitive layer. Other species like water, ethanol or hydrogen could be detected without sensitive layer in order to get rid of the sensitive layer-related issues (ageing for example). Preliminary characterizations were carried out in liquid phase in a view to perform liquid phase detection. Besides, a cantilever-based force sensor, fabricated thanks to the same fabrication process was designed. This last one integrates a piezoresistor allowing the transduction of the mechanical signal linked to the strain overcome by the microcantilever. Force detections in static mode (without any actuator) permitted the sensors’ characterization. Indeed, their sensitivity, force range, minimal detectable force and linearity were carried out.

[EN] Human beings, in order to obtain information, interact with their surroundings through the senses, a process which involves cognitive, physical, and emotional events. Designed objects, ambient objects, establish ways of individual and social relation and interrelation. Design has gone through various stages, and there is currently a predominant preoccupation with the object's appearance -an emphasis on the visual. The generation of materials that simulate others' surfaces has also contributed to sidestepping the tactile sense in interaction with objects. Given this panorama, this document proposes the conceptualization and development of a sensory design project that promotes the exercise of tactile and haptic perception, making it possible to generate significant knowledge, emotions, and experiences through contact with designed objects. This aim of this study is to uphold the perceptual experience of sensory design through theoretical and pragmatic concepts. To that end, the first chapter describes sensory design as a generator of significant experiences from the standpoint of the participation of an individual's comprehensive sensory system. The second differentiates the characteristics of the perceptual processes and those of tactile and haptic perception in particular. The third section lays out, by means of an analogy, a sensory design intended for tactile and haptic perception. The evaluation of the experience of the series Opposites Touch from a practical standpoint is analyzed in the fourth chapter, in which the qualities of that which is designed and the internal conditions of the individual affect the kind of experience and conceptions created, shaping a variety of values -aspects which can be discerned in all design processes. / [ES] El ser humano, para obtener información, interactúa con el entorno a través de los sentidos, en estos procesos intervienen eventos cognitivos, físicos, y emocionales. Los objetos diseñados, elementos del entorno, establecen modos de relación e interrelación individual y social. Si bien, el diseño ha pasado por diversas etapas, en la actualidad hay una preocupación predominante por la apariencia del objeto, un énfasis en lo visual; la generación de materiales que simulan la superficie de otros ha contribuido también a soslayar el sentido táctil en la interacción con los objetos. Ante este panorama se propone la conceptualización y desarrollo de un proyecto de diseño sensorial que propicie el ejercicio de la percepción táctil y háptica, posibilitadora de generar conocimiento, emociones y experiencias significativas a través del contacto con los objetos diseñados. Este estudio tiene como objetivo sustentar la experiencia perceptual del diseño sensorial, desde las nociones teórica y pragmática. Para ello se describe en el primer capítulo el diseño sensorial, como generador de experiencias significativas a partir de la participación del sistema sensorial integral del individuo. En el segundo, se distinguen las características de los procesos perceptuales y particularmente aquellas propias de la percepción táctil y háptica. El tercer apartado propone, desde la analogía, un diseño sensorial dirigido a la percepción táctil y háptica. La valoración de la experiencia, desde la dimensión pragmática, de la serie Los opuestos se tocan se analiza en el cuarto capítulo, en el que se destaca que las cualidades de lo diseñado y las condiciones internas del individuo afectan la clase de experiencia y las concepciones creadas, forjando diversos valores, aspectos a apreciar en todo proceso de diseño. / [CAT] L'ésser humà, per a obtenir informació, interactua amb l'entorn a través dels sentits, en aquests processos intervenen esdeveniments cognitius, físics, i emocionals. Els objectes dissenyats, elements de l'entorn, estableixen maneres de relació i interrelació individual i social. Si bé, el disseny ha passat per diverses etapes, en l'actualitat hi ha una preocupació predominant per l'aparença de l'objecte, una èmfasi en el visual; la generació de materials que simulen la superfície d'uns altres ha contribuït també a esbiaixar el sentit tàctil en la interacció amb els objectes. Davant aquest panorama es proposa la conceptualització i desenvolupament d'un projecte de disseny sensorial que propicie l'exercici de la percepció tàctil i hàptica, posibilitadora de generar coneixement, emocions i experiències significatives a través del contacte amb els objectes dissenyats. Aquest estudi té com a objectiu sustentar l'experiència perceptiva del disseny sensorial, des de les nocions teòrica i pragmàtica. Per a açò es descriu en el primer capítol el disseny sensorial, com a generador d'experiències significatives a partir de la participació del sistema sensorial integral de l'individu. En el segon, es distingeixen les característiques dels processos perseptius i particularment aquelles pròpies de la percepció tàctil i háptica. El tercer apartat proposa, des de l'analogia, un disseny sensorial dirigit a la percepció tàctil i hàptica. La valoració de l'experiència, des de la dimensió pragmàtica, de la sèrie Els oposats es toquen s'analitza en el quart capítol, en el qual es destaca que les qualitats del dissenyat i les condicions internes de l'individu afecten la classe d'experiència i les concepcions creades, forjant diversos valors, aspectes a apreciar en tot procés de disseny. / Morales González, EDC. (2015). Conceptuación y desarrollo del diseño sensorial desde la percepción táctil y háptica [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/53027 / TESIS

L'un des principaux défis de la nanomédecine est la capacité à cibler sélectivement les sites pathologiques. Le ciblage repose généralement sur la réponse sélective à une ou certaines caractéristiques des tissus ciblés (stimuli endogènes). Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’étude de la réponse sélective des nanoparticules fonctionnelles à deux stimuli endogènes bien caractérisés : la densité surfacique élevée d’un récepteur biologique sur une membrane cellulaire et le milieu acide des endosomes. Dans un premier temps, nous démontrons que les nanoparticules peuvent s’adsorber sélectivement sur les surfaces présentant une densité de récepteurs supérieure à un certain seuil, en fonctionnalisant leur surface avec une monocouche de polymères bimodaux (un poly (éthylène glycol) non-fonctionnel et un PEG portant un ligand). Les paramètres de conception de la monocouche comme la longueur relative des chaînes, la densité surfacique globale de la monocouche ou la densité surfacique de ligands peuvent être modulées pour améliorer la sélectivité des nanoparticules. Dans un second temps, nous rapportons des nanoparticules lipidiques capables de déstabiliser des membranes lipidiques à pH acide grâce à un lipide bascule pH-sensible. Nous montrons que le changement de conformation du lipide bascule augmente son aire interfaciale et provoque une dynamique membranaire qui peut se traduire macroscopiquement par des changements morphologiques et relargage du contenu des nanoparticules lipidiques. En améliorant le ciblage sélectif pour les membranes cellulaires, d’une part, et la livraison intracellulaire, d’autre part, ce travail servira à concevoir des nanoparticules multifonctionnelles sélectives et ciblées, pour une meilleure efficacité de vectorisation de médicaments ou d’acides nucléiques. / One of the main challenges of nanomedicine is the ability to selectively target disease sites. Targeting efficiency is generally based on a selective response to characteristics (endogenous stimuli) of the targeted tissues. This thesis focuses on the selective response of functional nanoparticles to two endogenous stimuli: the cell surface over-expressing a specific receptor and the acid medium of endosome. First, we report that nanoparticles surface-functionalized with a bimodal monolayer of polymers containing nonfunctional polyethylene glycol (1) and ligand-functionalized PEG exhibit selective adsorption to receptor surface with a surface density of receptor above a certain threshold. We show that design parameters of the bimodal monolayer, including the relative length of two chains, the total surface density of the monolayer or the surface density of ligand can be modulated to enhance the selectivity of the nanoparticle adsorption. Secondly, we report lipid nanoparticles that induce membrane destabilization under acidic condition thanks to a pH-switchable lipid. We show that the conformational change of the pH-switchable lipid increases the area occupied at the interface, causing membrane dynamics phenomena, that result in morphological changes and release of the cargo from lipid nanoparticles. By improving the ability of nanoparticles to selectively target cell surfaces and escape endosomal membrane, the selective responses of functional nanoparticles reported in this thesis will potentially serve to design multifunctional nanoparticles for selective targeting and efficient delivery of drugs and genetic materials.

In this essay, The Politics of Sound on the Stage of Art. The Political Potential of Sound in Lawrence Abu Hamdan’s Saydnaya (the Missing 19dB), the aesthetical tensions between sound, art and politics are explored. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions and configurations of the perceptibility of sound within artistic contexts, and the political implications positioned therein. The inquiry is based on the ways in which sound is produced, theorized and negotiated in the sound installation Saydnaya (the Missing 19dB) by the artist Lawrence Abu Hamdan. This is conducted by analyzing the political problem of the whisper, as it is framed within the artwork, in correlation to Jacques Rancière’s notion of the voice as a division of phone and logos, as well as Brandon LaBelle’s concept of sonic agency. The essay also compares Earwitness Testimony to Rancière’s discussion of the sensorium of art, in order to examine the aesthetical conditions of the experience of art. I argue that sound entails different modes of perceptibility, due to its material conditions, and that it renegotiates visual representation within the conditions of the artistic scene. / Denna uppsats, Sonisk politik på konstens scen. Ljudets politiska potential i Lawrence Abu Hamdans ljudinstallation Saydnaya (the Missing 19dB), behandlar brytpunkterna mellan ljud, konst, och politik. Med utgångspunkt i gestaltningarna och tematiseringarna av ljud i Lawrence Abu Hamdans ljudinstallation Saydnaya (the Missing 19dB) syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka ljudets estetiska möjligheter och politiska implikationer. Detta görs genom en analys av den politiska potentialen i viskningen, såsom den gestaltas i verket, utifrån Rancières idé om rösten som uppdelad i läte och språk, samt Brandon LaBelles begrepp sonisk agens. Därtill undersöks öronvittnesmålets roll i relationen mellan konst och politik, utifrån Rancières idé om sensorium under konstens estetiska regim. Uppsatsen visar på hur ljudets materiella förutsättningar omförhandlar och problematiserar visuell representation, samt hur det inrättar en egen akustisk sfär genom vilken politik kan uppstå.

In recent years we may observe a growth in construction of passive houses and low energy houses using lightweight constructions such as modern wooden houses. It is assumed that wooden houses keep overheating more comparing to brick houses during summer period. Due to the lack of research in this field the paper investigates the influence of internal thermal storage mass in passive houses constructions on their summer thermal stability under the Czech climatic conditions. Only sensible heat accumulation without a usage of phase change materials is examined. Differences between wooden houses comparing to brick-built houses are emphasized. Objects of research are mostly residential passive houses in low energy building standards. However, the results of research might be applied to different types of buildings as well. The first section outlines theoretical fundamentals. For the research itself various scientific research methods were used, such as basic mathematical calculations, experimental temperature measurement of two buildings (detached house in Dubňany and in Moravany) and numerical simulations. Own tribute to the research was first of all discussion on the topic of thermal accumulation and structures heat capacity calculation. Experimental measurements outlined conclusive evidence about the importance of internal thermal storage mass in respect of interior summer overheating. The research confirmed that the highest interior temperature reached is mostly influenced by solar gains through unshaded windows. However, the influence of internal thermal storage mass is not remote. If we compare standard timber-framed wooden house to the hole ceramic bricks-built house, the wooden house will overheat by 0,5°C more during a standard day. Wider spread in the maximum temperature reached was measured for lightweight consturctions wooden houses without any internal thermal storage mass. Therefore, such structures should have an additional layer of thermal storage mass.

Working at the intersection of narrative studies and political theory, this thesis performs an original critical intervention in Gulliver’s Travels studies to establish the work as an intertextual response to the hegemonic articulations of European travel writing produced between the 15th and 18th centuries under the discourse of Discovery. My argument proceeds through two movements. First, an archeology of studies on Gulliver’s Travels that identifies key developments and points of significance in analyses of the satire’s intertextual relationship with travel writing. Second, a discursive analysis of the role of Discovery generally, and travel writing specifically, in constructing European hegemony within a newly global context. Together these movements allow me to locate Gulliver’s Travels firmly within the discourse of Discovery and to specify the politics of the text and the poetics of its operations. For this analysis I adopt a conceptualization of hegemony elaborated by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy (1985), which defines discourse as a structured totality of elements of signification, wherein the meaning and identify of each element is constituted by articulatory practices competing to fix the differences and equivalences between it and others within the discourse. An hegemonic discourse is one that successfully limits the possibility of novel articulations according to a particular governing logic. In the Age of Discovery, this governing logic, I argue, is a socio-spatial logic that constructed the “European” subject through its difference from the “Non-European,” the “civilized” subject through its difference from the “savage,” and the “free land” of the “savage” peoples through its difference from the occupied lands of the “civilized.” To conduct the concomitant critical analysis of Gulliver’s Travels, I draw upon Jacques Rancière’s conception of the “distribution of the sensible,” which refers both to the partitions determined in sensory experience that anticipate the distributions of parts and wholes, the orders of visibility and invisibility, and the relationships of address or comportment beneath every community; and to the specific practices that partake of these distributions to establish the “common sense” about the objects that make up the common world, the ways in which it is organized, and the capacities of the people within it. This enables me to establish travel writing as an articulatory practice that utilized a narrative modality to “reveal” the globe in a Eurocentric image dependent upon the logic of Discovery: a discursively constructed paradigm that I identify as what others have labeled “travel realism,” which organized the globe into a single field of discursivity predicated upon the “civilizational” and “rational” superiority of Europeans over their non-European Others. Gulliver’s Travels, I conclude, intervenes in this distribution of the sensible by utilizing the satirical form as a recomposing logic to upend the paradigm of travel realism and break away from the “sense” that it makes of the bodies, beings, and lands it re-presents. / Graduate

Cette thèse par article se compose de quatre articles qui contribuent au domaine de l’apprentissage profond, en particulier dans la compréhension et l’apprentissage des ap- proches neuronales des systèmes de dialogue. Le premier article fait un pas vers la compréhension si les architectures de dialogue neuronal couramment utilisées capturent efficacement les informations présentes dans l’historique des conversations. Grâce à une série d’expériences de perturbation sur des ensembles de données de dialogue populaires, nous constatons que les architectures de dialogue neuronal couramment utilisées comme les modèles seq2seq récurrents et basés sur des transformateurs sont rarement sensibles à la plupart des perturbations du contexte d’entrée telles que les énoncés manquants ou réorganisés, les mots mélangés, etc. Le deuxième article propose d’améliorer la qualité de génération de réponse dans les systèmes de dialogue de domaine ouvert en modélisant conjointement les énoncés avec les attributs de dialogue de chaque énoncé. Les attributs de dialogue d’un énoncé se réfèrent à des caractéristiques ou des aspects discrets associés à un énoncé comme les actes de dialogue, le sentiment, l’émotion, l’identité du locuteur, la personnalité du locuteur, etc. Le troisième article présente un moyen simple et économique de collecter des ensembles de données à grande échelle pour modéliser des systèmes de dialogue orientés tâche. Cette approche évite l’exigence d’un schéma d’annotation d’arguments complexes. La version initiale de l’ensemble de données comprend 13 215 dialogues basés sur des tâches comprenant six domaines et environ 8 000 entités nommées uniques, presque 8 fois plus que l’ensemble de données MultiWOZ populaire. / This thesis by article consists of four articles which contribute to the field of deep learning, specifically in understanding and learning neural approaches to dialog systems. The first article takes a step towards understanding if commonly used neural dialog architectures effectively capture the information present in the conversation history. Through a series of perturbation experiments on popular dialog datasets, wefindthatcommonly used neural dialog architectures like recurrent and transformer-based seq2seq models are rarely sensitive to most input context perturbations such as missing or reordering utterances, shuffling words, etc. The second article introduces a simple and cost-effective way to collect large scale datasets for modeling task-oriented dialog systems. This approach avoids the requirement of a com-plex argument annotation schema. The initial release of the dataset includes 13,215 task-based dialogs comprising six domains and around 8k unique named entities, almost 8 times more than the popular MultiWOZ dataset. The third article proposes to improve response generation quality in open domain dialog systems by jointly modeling the utterances with the dialog attributes of each utterance. Dialog attributes of an utterance refer to discrete features or aspects associated with an utterance like dialog-acts, sentiment, emotion, speaker identity, speaker personality, etc. The final article introduces an embedding-free method to compute word representations on-the-fly. This approach significantly reduces the memory footprint which facilitates de-ployment in on-device (memory constraints) devices. Apart from being independent of the vocabulary size, we find this approach to be inherently resilient to common misspellings.

Diploma thesis focuses on effect of the bypass factor on design and geometry of the evaporator for the cooling unit of data centre. Effect of the bypass factor on individual design parameters is solved in detail. All dependendecies are captured by using graphs in which s placed a cement on that parameter. In part C, mathematical and physical solutions are demonstrated calculations and processes leading to the design of the exchanger. In the end, evaluation of the calculations is done and there is also showed possible improvements for the practise.

The use of thermal storage energy, using phase change materials appears to be an effective way to store thermal energy storage with the benefits of the high amount of energy while maintaining isothermal nature of the process. PCM methods are used in latent thermal storage systems for heat pumps, as well as in solar engineering or for temperature control in spacecraft. The past decade has extended these principles for cooling and heating in the building. There are a number of PCM systems, which operate over a wide temperature range, are used in various applications. This document includes a brief overview of the development and analysis of available thermal storage working mainly on the principle of PCM.

L'activació sostinguda de Hog1 porta a una inhibició del creixement cel·lular. En aquest treball, hem observat que el fenotip de letalitat causat per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és parcialment inhibida per la mutació del complexe SCFCDC4. La inhibició de la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 depèn de la via d'extensió de la vida. Quan Hog1 s'activa de manera sostinguda, la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4 fa que augmenti l'expressió gènica depenent de Msn2 i Msn4 que condueix a una sobreexpressió del gen PNC1 i a una hiperactivació de la deacetilassa Sir2. La hiperactivació de Sir2 és capaç d'inhibir la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1. També hem observat que la mort cel·lular causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és deguda a una inducció d'apoptosi. L'apoptosi induïda per Hog1 és inhibida per la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4. Per tant, la via d'extensió de la vida és capaç de prevenir l'apoptosi a través d'un mecanisme desconegut. / Sustained Hog1 activation leads to an inhibition of cell growth. In this work, we have observed that the lethal phenotype caused by sustained Hog1 activation is prevented by SCFCDC4 mutants. The prevention of Hog1-induced cell death by SCFCDC4 mutation depends on the lifespan extension pathway. Upon sustained Hog1 activation, SCFCDC4 mutation increases Msn2 and Msn4 dependent gene expression that leads to a PNC1 overexpression and a Sir2 deacetylase hyperactivation. Then, hyperactivation of Sir2 is able to prevent cell death caused by sustained Hog1 activation. We have also observed that cell death upon sustained Hog1 activation is due to an induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by Hog1 is decreased by SCFCDC4 mutation. Therefore, lifespan extension pathway is able to prevent apoptosis by an unknown mechanism.