Les polymères sensibles à des stimuli ont été largement étudiés ces dernières années notamment en vue d’applications biomédicales. Ceux-ci ont la capacité de changer leurs propriétés de solubilité face à des variations de pH ou de température. Le but de cette thèse concerne la synthèse et l’étude de nouveaux diblocs composés de deux copolymères aléatoires. Les polymères ont été obtenus par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée du type RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer). Les polymères à bloc sont formés de monomères de méthacrylates et/ou d’acrylamides dont les polymères sont reconnus comme thermosensibles et sensible au pH. Premièrement, les copolymères à bloc aléatoires du type AnBm-b-ApBq ont été synthétisés à partir de N-n-propylacrylamide (nPA) et de N-ethylacrylamide (EA), respectivement A et B, par polymérisation RAFT. La cinétique de copolymérisation des poly(nPAx-co-EA1-x)-block-poly(nPAy-co-EA1-y) et leur composition ont été étudiées afin de caractériser et évaluer les propriétés physico-chimiques des copolymères à bloc aléatoires avec un faible indice de polydispersité . Leurs caractères thermosensibles ont été étudiés en solution aqueuse par spectroscopie UV-Vis, turbidimétrie et analyse de la diffusion dynamique de la lumière (DLS). Les points de trouble (CP) observés des blocs individuels et des copolymères formés démontrent des phases de transitions bien définies lors de la chauffe. Un grand nombre de macromolécules naturels démontrent des réponses aux stimuli externes tels que le pH et la température. Aussi, un troisième monomère, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA), a été ajouté à la synthèse pour former des copolymères à bloc , sous la forme AnBm-b-ApCq , et qui offre une double réponse (pH et température), modulable en solution. Ce type de polymère, aux multiples stimuli, de la forme poly(nPAx-co-DEAEMA1-x)-block-poly(nPAy-co-EA1-y), a lui aussi été synthétisé par polymérisation RAFT. Les résultats indiquent des copolymères à bloc aléatoires aux propriétés physico-chimiques différentes des premiers diblocs, notamment leur solubilité face aux variations de pH et de température. Enfin, le changement d’hydrophobie des copolymères a été étudié en faisant varier la longueur des séquences des blocs. Il est reconnu que la longueur relative des blocs affecte les mécanismes d’agrégation d’un copolymère amphiphile. Ainsi avec différents stimuli de pH et/ou de température, les expériences effectuées sur des copolymères à blocaléatoires de différentes longueurs montrent des comportements d’agrégation intéressants, évoluant sous différentes formes micellaires, d’agrégats et de vésicules. / Stimuli-responsive polymers and their use in biomedical applications have been widely investigated in recent years. These polymers change their physical properties such as water-solubility, when subjected to certain stimuli, for example change in temperature or pH. The main purpose of this work is to study new diblock copolymers consisting of two random copolymers, i.e., diblock random copolymers. Polymers with well-defined structures and tunable properties have been made using reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, one of the controlled radical polymerization techniques. The blocks are made of acrylamide- and/or methacrylate-based monomers, which commonly show thermo-responsiveness and hence, double stimuli-responsive behavior is shown. First, a diblock random copolymer in the form of AnBm-b-ApBq was synthesized with N-n-propylacrylamide (nPA) and N-ethylacrylamide (EA) as A and B using RAFT polymerization. Kinetic study of the copolymerization process confirmed the controlled character of the copolymerization. The diblock random copolymers with the compositions of poly(nPAx-co-EA1-x)-block-poly(nPAy-co-EA1-y) and low polydispersity were obtained. With UV-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) we investigate their thermoresponsive characteristics in aqueous solutions. Individual blocks showed tunable cloud points, and the diblock copolymer exhibited a well-separated two-step phase transition upon heating. Macromolecules in nature can often respond to a combination of external stimuli, most commonly temperature and pH, rather than a single stimulus. Therefore, a second type of diblock random copolymer in the form of AnBm-b-ApCq was synthesized by combining a pH- and temperature-responsive block with another, only temperature-responsive block, producing responsiveness to multiple stimuli. This polymer with the composition of poly(nPAx-co-DEAEMA1-x)-block-poly(nPAy-co-EA1-y) where DEAEMA stands for 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate with well-defined structure and tunable properties has also been made using sequential RAFT polymerization. The resulting diblock random copolymer changes its physico-chemical properties, such as water-solubility, in a quite controlled manner when subjected to the changes in temperature or pH. What happens when blocks of different lengths change their relative hydrophilicity? It is known that the relative length of the blocks in amphiphilic diblock copolymers affects the aggregation mechanism. We compared three diblock copolymers with different block and chain lengths in aqueous solution when they change their relative hydrophilicity due to the change in the external stimuli. The variation of the length and chemical composition of the blocks allows the tuning of the responsiveness of the block copolymers toward both pH and temperature and determines the formation of either micelles or vesicles during the aggregation.

Inscrit dans le champ des ambiances architecturales et urbaines, cette thèse interroge la constitution de l'expérience sensible dans les cheminements urbains à partir d'une méthode de parcours commenté " en aveugle ". Une enquête a été menée à Grenoble auprès de 34 personnes constituées en deux groupes d'âge, leur faisant parcourir, les yeux bandés, un espace de la ville où ils n'étaient jamais allés. À partir d'analyses détaillées des commentaires recueillis lors des parcours, nous montrons comment s'opère la mobilisation des sens dans la marche. En effet, des sens aux contextes de sens en passant par les objets d'expérience, nous explorons différentes perspectives pour rendre intelligible l'expérience sensible. Une réflexion particulière est alors menée sur l'impact du protocole d'enquête et la relation chercheur/participant en intégrant pleinement ces derniers aux analyses et à l'objet de recherche. Nous proposons enfin de nous saisir de la notion de " surgissement " pour révéler les aspects dynamiques de l'expérience sensible des espaces publics et cherchons à faire de cette notion un levier de discussion théorique ainsi qu'un outil de définition dans l'aménagement des espaces publics urbains, tant du point de vue physique et spatial que dans le cadre d'une politique du sensible confrontée à la standardisation ou à des effets de normalisation. S'appuyant sur des approches phénoménologiques et pragmatistes et soucieux des effets des modalités d'aménagement contemporain, ce travail contribue ainsi à la problématique des ambiances urbaines.

The present work was written as a cumulative dissertation based on peer-reviewed papers and is completed by yet unpublished results. The overall objective was to get a deeper insight into the role of the advective fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat in relation to the energy balance and its imbalance at the earth’s surface (typically the sum of the turbulent fluxes sensible and latent heat does not match the available energy). Data from two advection experiments at four coniferous sites across Europe served as the basis for the analysis. One was the advection experiment MORE II which took place in Tharandt (Germany) and the other advection experiment ADVEX was conducted at three different sites (Ritten/Renon, Italy; Wetzstein, Germany; Norunda, Sweden). An inspection of the available energy (AE) that is redistributed to the atmosphere by the sensible heat flux (H) and latent heat flux (LE) showed that the uncertainty of the available energy itself cannot explain the lack of energy balance closure for these four sites. The mean absolute uncertainty of the available energy was largest during midday and ranged from 41 W m-2 to 52 W m-2 (approx. 12 % of AE). During nighttime, the mean absolute uncertainty was smaller (20 W m-2 – 30 W m-2) but the relative uncertainty was much larger as AE itself is small. Among the investigated storage terms the heat storage change of the biomass was most important. The energy balance closure was improved for all investigated sites when storage terms were included. In principle, storage terms should not be neglected in energy balance studies. An investigation of the budget of sensible heat, not only including the vertical advection and the horizontal advection but also the horizontal turbulent flux divergence, was undertaken for the coniferous site at Tharandt. Inclusion of these fluxes resulted in an enlarged mean daily amplitude and suggests an improvement of the energy balance closure, at least during nighttime. The commonly determined budget (vertical turbulent flux plus storage change) was reduced by about 30 % when advective fluxes were included. Results suggest that the horizontal turbulent flux divergence is of minor importance but further studies are needed for an overall evaluation. First results for the inclusion of the advective fluxes of both sensible heat and latent heat indicate that the lack of energy balance closure is partly reduced but the imbalance still exists. Advective fluxes of sensible heat were also compared to advective fluxes of CO2. It became apparent that the advective fluxes of sensible heat and CO2 are, on average, of opposite sign during nighttime and both share large scatter. Both budgets (sensible heat and CO2) were considerably changed (although differently for different sites) when advective fluxes were included. Results further suggest that advective fluxes of H can be taken as an indicator concerning the presence and sign of advection of CO2. This points towards a coincident non-turbulent transport of heat and CO2. However, all investigated advective fluxes are site-specific. They are characterised by a large uncertainty due to uncertainties in the mean vertical velocity (vertical advection) and in the horizontal differences in scalar magnitude (horizontal advection). Obviously, they are influenced by the limitations of the experimental set-up (spatial resolution) and the local characteristics of the individual measurements. An overall evaluation of advective fluxes with respect to their representativeness and magnitude requires further studies / Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde als kumulative Dissertation verfasst, die auf begutachteten Publikationen beruht. Sie wird um bisher nicht veröffentlichte Daten zur Advektion latenter Wärme ergänzt. Ziel war es, vor allem die Rolle der advektiven Flüsse von sensibler und latenter Wärme in Bezug auf die Energiebilanz und das Problem der Energiebilanzschließung an der Erdoberfläche näher zu untersuchen. Unter der Energiebilanzschließungslücke wird im Allgemeinen das Phänomen verstanden, dass die Summe der gemessenen turbulenten Flüsse von sensibler und latenter Wärme zumeist nicht der gemessenen verfügbaren Energie entspricht. Als Datengrundlage für die Arbeiten dienten hierzu die Datensätze von zwei Advektionsexperimenten, die an vier verschiedenen Nadelwaldstandorten in Europa stattfanden. Das erste dieser Advektionsexperimente MORE II fand an der Ankerstation Tharandt (Deutschland) statt und das zweite (ADVEX) wurde an drei verschiedenen Standorten durchgeführt (Ritten/Renon, Italien; Wetzstein, Deutschland; Norunda, Schweden). Eine Untersuchung der verfügbaren Energie (AE), die über den sensiblen Wärmestrom (H) und den latenten Wärmestrom (LE) wieder an die Atmosphäre abgegeben wird, zeigte, dass die in der Bestimmung der verfügbaren Energie liegende Unsicherheit das Problem der Energiebilanzschließungslücke nicht ausreichend erklärt. Die mittlere absolute Unsicherheit der verfügbaren Energie war dabei mittags am größten (41 W m-2 – 52 W m-2; ca. 12 % der verfügbaren Energie). Nachts war diese kleiner (20 W m-2 – 30 W m-2). Jedoch waren dann die relativen Unsicherheiten deutlich größer, da die verfügbare Energie nachts klein ist. Von den betrachteten Speichertermen der Energiebilanz erwies sich die Speicheränderung von Wärme in der Biomasse als am wichtigsten. Für die vier untersuchten Standorte verbesserte sich die Energiebilanzschließung, wenn die Speicherterme mit einbezogen wurden. Grundsätzlich sollten alle Speicherterme bei der Bestimmung der Energiebilanz mit beachtet werden. Für den Nadelwaldstandort Tharandt wurde die Bilanz der sensiblen Wärme unter Beachtung der advektiven Flüsse und der horizontalen turbulenten Flussdivergenz erstellt. Die Einbeziehung der advektiven Flüsse und der horizontalen turbulenten Flussdivergenz führte zu einer Vergrößerung der Amplitude im mittleren Tagesgang und deutet auf eine Verbesserung der Energiebilanzschließung zumindest nachts hin. Im herkömmlichen Sinne wird die Bilanz für Energie oder Massenflüsse als Summe aus vertikalem turbulenten Fluss und Speicheränderung bestimmt. Die Gesamtsumme dieser Bilanz wurde um 30 % reduziert, wenn die advektiven Flüsse mit einbezogen wurden. Hinsichtlich der horizontalen turbulenten Flussdivergenz kann man noch keine abschließende Einschätzung geben. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten einen vernachlässigbaren Anteil an der Gesamtbilanz für diesen Term an. Erste Ergebnisse für die Bestimmung der Energiebilanz von Nadelwäldern unter Beachtung der advektiven Flüsse von sensibler und latenter Wärme zeigen eine teilweise Reduzierung der Energiebilanzschließungslücke, jedoch keine vollständige Schließung der Energiebilanz. Weiterhin wurden die advektiven Flüsse sensibler Wärme mit denen von CO2 verglichen. Die Bilanzen für den CO2-Fluss als auch für den Fluss sensibler Wärme änderten sich deutlich unter Einbeziehung der advektiven Flüsse, wenn auch unterschiedlich für verschiedene Standorte. Besonders nachts sind die advektiven Flüsse von sensibler Wärme und CO2 im Mittel durch gegensätzliche Vorzeichen gekennzeichnet. Diese Beziehung eröffnet die Möglichkeit, advektive Flüsse von CO2 auf der Basis von advektiven Flüssen sensibler Wärme hinsichtlich ihres Vorhandenseins und ihrer Richtung abzuschätzen. Dies deutet auf einen gleichzeitigen nicht-turbulenten Transport von Wärme und CO2 hin. Generell ist festzustellen, dass alle untersuchten advektiven Flüsse spezifisch für den jeweiligen Standort und durch eine große Unsicherheit gekennzeichnet sind. Diese ergibt sich zum einen aus der mittleren vertikalen Geschwindigkeit (vertikale Advektion) und zum anderen aus den horizontalen Differenzen (horizontale Advektion) der jeweiligen skalaren Größen. Die betrachteten advektiven Flüsse werden offensichtlich durch Einschränkungen, die sich aus dem experimentellen Aufbau ergeben (z.B. begrenzte räumliche Auflösung), in ähnlicher Weise beeinflusst. Eine abschließende Beurteilung der advektiven Flüsse hinsichtlich ihres Anteils an der Gesamtbilanz und ihrer Repräsentativität erfordert weitere Studien.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoBFSJ_DISSERT.pdf: 848742 bytes, checksum: 5da6694c94e2b15db5ab8ba10f875e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of corn particle size on performance, egg quality and sensible heat loss, beyond of the regional differences in surface temperature of naked neck laying hens by infrared thermography. In Mossoró-RN, 60 label Rouge chickens in laying stage were distributed in a completely randomized design, where were fed with diets containing different corn particle size or geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 605 µm, 1030 µm and 2280 µm. Environmental variables were measured in center of the shed: black globe temperature (TG) and air (TA), wind speed (U) and relative humidity (RH). Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and surface temperature (TS) were measured in each bird once a week. For sensible heat loss, RT, RR and TS, the analysis of variance was performed by least squares method and comparison of means by Tukey's test (p<0.05). The results showed that the GMD 2280 µm increased the feed intake, causing elevation in body temperature and respiratory rate in response to increased metabolic heat production. The hens fed with this same GMD showed lower quality eggshell. The sensible heat transfer was, during the study, a heat dissipation mechanism, where the increase in radiation and TA levels caused significant decrease in heat loss by radiation, but heat loss by convection was high in high TA due to increased wind speed. There are regional differences in the TS, where the legs act as thermal windows / Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as diferenças regionais na temperatura superficial através de imagens térmicas e o efeito do ambiente semiárido e do tamanho da partícula do milho no desempenho, qualidade do ovo e perda de calor sensível de poedeiras do pescoço pelado. Em Mossoró-RN, 60 galinhas da linhagem Label Rouge em fase de postura foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde foram fornecidas rações com diferentes tamanhos da partícula do milho ou diâmetro geométrico médio (DGM) de 605 µm, 1030 µm e 2280 µm. As variáveis ambientais foram aferidas no centro do galpão: temperatura do globo negro (TG) e do ar (TA), velocidade do vento (U) e umidade relativa (UR). A temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura superficial (TS) foram aferidas em cada ave uma vez por semana. Para a perda de calor sensível, TR, FR e TS a análise de variância foi realizada pelo método dos quadrados mínimos e a comparação de médias para todas as variáveis pelo teste de Tukey (p<0.05). Os resultados mostraram que o DGM igual a 2280 µm aumentou o consumo de ração, causando elevação na temperatura corporal e frequência respiratória como resposta à maior produção de calor metabólico. As aves alimentadas com este mesmo DGM apresentaram qualidade da casca do ovo inferior. A transferência de calor sensível apresentou-se com um mecanismo de dissipação térmica, onde o aumento nos níveis de radiação e TA causaram diminuição significativa na perda de calor por radiação, mas a convecção foi elevada em alta TA devido ao aumento na movimentação do ar. Houve diferença regional na TS, onde as patas atuaram como janelas térmicas

A tese problematiza experiências pedagógicas-existenciais que se singularizam na interface das áreas de Arte-Educação, Saúde Mental Coletiva, Arteterapia e Arte/Educação que se possibilitam em “Oficinas de Criação Coletiva”. Destaca as metamorfoses e as articulações entre diversos âmbitos de saberes, reflexões e práticas que se constituem sob o eixo ético-estético, opção que agrega potencialidades de interação referidas ao Cuidado, à Criação Coletiva e ao “Estar-juntos”. Desenvolve questões acerca do “Sensível em Pedagogia” a partir de análises de diversas fontes como a memória, relatos de participantes, trabalho realizado em eventos, cursos de especialização, congressos, jornadas e no Serviço Integral de Saúde Mental Coletiva da cidade de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Na tese, tais questões foram enriquecidas e aprofundadas a partir de nexos e conexões como: “Complexidade Sistêmica” de Edgar Morin, “Contorno Antropológico” de Georges Balandier, “Sociologia do Cotidiano” de Michel Maffesoli, “Amor e Convivência” de Humberto Maturana, “Cuidado”, de Martin Heidegger e “Emoção como Base do Racional” de Antonio Damásio. Configurados segundo um pensamento ético-estético, os âmbitos político e pedagógico foram interrogantes que perpassaram as buscas fabulatórias e epistemológicas que, complexamente, geram paradoxos em processos de metamorfose. “Metamorfose”, portanto, é a metáfora para aquilo que toca a vida e caracteriza o que se pode chamar de “Sensível em Pedagogia”, no sentido de dar valor e sentido a argumentos, obras, fatos, manifestações instantâneas e fragmentos, estados de ser intra, inter e transpessoais, para auscultar-lhes a intensidade, as reverberações misteriosas, e resguardar o respeito que se faz necessário para tratar tudo aquilo que nasce e se nutre de vida como ela se expõe, em seu maravilhamento, mas igualmente em sua imprescrutabilidade. / This work encompasses existential pedagogic experiences which are unique when observed through the interface described by the intersection of Art-Education, Mental Health and Art Therapy, often realized in “Collective Creation Workshops”. Thinking and praxis oriented by the ethics-esthetics axis when exercised through the optics of multidisciplinary fields promotes the articulation and metamorphose of knowledge. Under this paradigm, Collective Creation, the perception of the other and the sense of “staying-together” are potentially aggregated by collaborative interactions. The notion of “Sensibility” under pedagogical terms was explored and analyzed taking into account several source of information like memory, activity narration, and tasks execution, most of them realized at “Collective Mental Health Integral Service”, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Questions were enriched in detail by the interrelations of nexus and connections definitions mainly developed in the following works: “System Complexity” from Edgar Morin; “Anthropologic Boundaries” from Georges Balandier; “Daily Sociology” from Michel Maffesoli; “Love and Relationship” from Humberto Maturana, “Care” from Martin Heidegger and “Emotion as Rational Foundation” from Antonio Damásio. Under the ethic-esthetic axis of thinking, the process of metamorphic knowledge generation reveals paradoxes often given by politics and pedagogy interrelation when epistemology is the object of speaking. Metamorphose it is then the means by which “Sensibility” in term of pedagogy can be defined and it is concerned to give sense to arguments, works and facts, instantaneous manifestation, states of being intra, inter and trans-personal and at the same time amplifies intensity, mysterious reverberations and a way to keep the necessary respect to handle all things that emerges and nourish from live, how it is exposed, in his splendor and equally in his inscrutability. / La tesis problematiza experiencias pedagógico-existenciales que se singularizan en la interfase de las áreas de Arte-Educación, Salud Mental Colectiva, Arte-terapia y Arte- Educación que se posibilitan en “Talleres de Creación Colectiva”. Destaca las metamorfosis y las articulaciones entre diversos ámbitos del saber, reflexiones y prácticas que se constituyen bajo el eje ético-estético, opción que agrega potencialidades de interacción referidas al Cuidado, a la Creación Colectiva y al “Estar-juntos”. Desarrolla cuestiones acerca de lo “sensible en Pedagogía” a partir de análisis de diversas fuentes como la memoria, relatos de participantes, trabajo realizado en eventos, cursos de especialización, congresos, jornadas y en el Servicio Integral de salud Mental Colectiva de la ciudad de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. En la tesis, tales cuestiones fueron enriquecidas y profundizadas a partir de nexos y conexiones como: “Complejidad Sistémica” de Edgar Morin, “Contorno Antropológico” de Georges Balandier, “Sociología de lo Cotidiano” de Michel Maffesoli, “Amor y Convivencia” de Humberto Maturana, “Cuidado”, de Martin Heidegger y “Emoción como Base de lo Racional” de Antonio Damásio. Configurados según un pensamiento ético-estético, los ámbitos político y pedagógico fueron interrogantes que sobrepasaron las búsquedas fabulatorias y epistemológicas que, complejamente, generan paradojas en procesos de metamorfosis. “Metamorfosis”, por lo tanto, es la metáfora para aquello que toca la vida y caracteriza lo que se puede llamar de “Sensible en Pedagogía”, en el sentido de dar valor y sentido a argumentos, obras, hechos, manifestaciones instantáneas y fragmentos, estados de ser intra, inter y transpersonales, para auscultarles la intensidad, las reverberaciones misteriosas, y resguardar el respeto que se hace necesario para tratar todo aquello que nace y se nutre de vida como ella se expone, en su deslumbramiento, mas igualmente en su inescrutabilidad.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'adaptation de modèles en apprentissage supervisé. Nous adaptons des algorithmes d'apprentissage existants à une représentation relationnelle. Puis, nous adaptons des modèles de prédiction aux changements de contexte.En représentation relationnelle, les données sont modélisées par plusieurs entités liées par des relations. Nous tirons parti de ces relations avec des agrégats complexes. Nous proposons des heuristiques d'optimisation stochastique pour inclure des agrégats complexes dans des arbres de décisions relationnels et des forêts, et les évaluons sur des jeux de données réelles.Nous adaptons des modèles de prédiction à deux types de changements de contexte. Nous proposons une optimisation de seuils sur des modèles à scores pour s'adapter à un changement de coûts. Puis, nous utilisons des transformations affines pour adapter les attributs numériques à un changement de distribution. Enfin, nous étendons ces transformations aux agrégats complexes. / In this thesis, we study model adaptation in supervised learning. Firstly, we adapt existing learning algorithms to the relational representation of data. Secondly, we adapt learned prediction models to context change.In the relational setting, data is modeled by multiples entities linked with relationships. We handle these relationships using complex aggregate features. We propose stochastic optimization heuristics to include complex aggregates in relational decision trees and Random Forests, and assess their predictive performance on real-world datasets.We adapt prediction models to two kinds of context change. Firstly, we propose an algorithm to tune thresholds on pairwise scoring models to adapt to a change of misclassification costs. Secondly, we reframe numerical attributes with affine transformations to adapt to a change of attribute distribution between a learning and a deployment context. Finally, we extend these transformations to complex aggregates.

Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / Opsomming In hierdie verhandeling word die ontologie van Eriugena in oënskou geneem, met spesifieke verwysing na sy negatiewe ontologie, oftewel sy opvatting van nie-syn. Ter inleiding word daar na die Latynse en Griekse agtergrond van sy ontologie verwys. Dit word opgevolg deur `n bespreking van die verskillende wyses van syn en nie-syn waarvan Eriugena in die Periphyseon gebruik maak. Klem word geplaas op sy negatiewe ontologie, wat meer gevorderd is as enigiets in die Westerse denke tot heelwat na sy leeftyd. Die historiese konteks van Eriugena se lewe en denke word geskets, met inbegrip van die invloede wat op hom ingewerk het en sy eie nawerking. Sy viervoudige verdeling van die werklikheid word vervolgens bespreek, met aanduiding hoedat die ganse werklikheid gesien kan word as `n wisselwerking tussen syn en nie-syn. `n Dinamiese ontologie word dus deur Eriugena voorgehou, eerder as die statiese ontologie wat kenmerkend van veel Judaïsties-Christelike denke is. Summary In this dissertation the ontology of Eriugena is reviewed, with specific reference to his negative ontology, in other words his concept of non-being. By way of introduction the Latin and Greek background of his ontology is pointed out. It is followed by a discussion of the various modes of being and non-being that Eriugena employs in the Periphyseon. Emphasis is placed on his negative ontology, which is more advanced than anything in Western thought until much later than his time. The historical context of Eriugena's life and thought is sketched, including the influences acting on him and the influence he exerted on others. His fourfold division of reality is then discussed, indicating how the whole of reality can be viewed as an interaction between being and non-being. Eriugena thus postulates a dynamic ontology, rather than the static ontology that is characteristic of much of Judaistic-Christian thought. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)

In daily care offered by an attachment figure to a child, it must be present, frequent and diverse interactions, and those interactions must be according with child needs (Ainsworth, 1982). The availability of the attachment figure to the child, the answers provides and if they are appropriate to child' s needs, is what is known as sensitivity (Ainsworth, 1982). This project aimed to adapt and to test the effectiveness of the video-feedback intervention to promote sensitive care and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD), conducted with caregivers who worked in child care centers (VIPP-CC) in Uruguay. The VIPP interventions are evidence-based and using the video-feedback technique as main tool to promote sensitive care of children in their own contexts of development during early infancy. To check whether the VIPP-CC intervention was to be culturally adapted to beliefs and ideais about sensitive care of professionals in child care centers, a fust stody asked to mothers and childcare workers about their ideais of a sensitive mother in Uruguay and Brazil. Results showed highly siruilar ideal between mothers and childcare workers and across de countries. A second stody was a qualitative stody; the objective was to adapt the protocol VIPP-CC into Spanish and to test their process quality. Finally, a thiid stody was conducted to assess the impact of the VIPP-CC intervention, with an experimental methodology. Final comments were made in order to analyze the results implications for policy for early childhood. / En el cuidado cotidiano que una figura de apego brinda a un niiío, se debe buscar que las interacciones sean frecuentes, variadas, y acordes con las demandas y necesidades dei niií.o (Ainsworth, 1982). La disponibilidad de la figura de apego bacia el niií.o, las respuestas que le brinda y que tan apropiadas son tales repuestas ante las necesidades dei niií.o, es lo que se conoce como sensibilidad (Ainsworth, 1982). Este proyecto tuvo como objetivo adaptar y probar la efectividad de la intervención con video-feedback para promover el cuidado sensible y la disciplina sensible (VIPP-SD, Juffer, Bakermans Kranenburg & van Uzendoorn, 2008) en cuidadores profesionales que trabajan en centros infantiles (VIPP-CC, Groeneveld, Vermeer, van Uzendoorn, & Linting, 2011). Las intervenciones VIPP-SD y VIPP-CC son intervenciones breves basadas en la evidencia, que utilizan la retroalimentación con vídeo como principal herramienta para propiciar el cuidado sensible de los niií.os en sus propios contextos. Para comprobar si la intervención VIPP-CC debía adaptarse cultutalmente a creencias e ideales sobre el cuidado sensible de las educadoras iniciales, se realizó un primer estudio en el que educadoras iniciales construyeron su ideal de un cuidador sensible. Usando los resultados de este estudio, se realizó un segundo estudio para adaptar el protocolo de la intervención VIPP-CC para educadoras iniciales de habla espaiíola. Finalmente, se realiz6 un tercer estudio para evaluar el impacto de la intervención VIPP-CC, siguiendo con una metodologia experimental con evaluación pre y post-test. Las participantes fueron educadoras iniciales que trabajaban en Centros de Atención a la Infancia y la Familia (Centros CAlF) dei Uruguay, Estos Centros hacen parte dei Plan CAIF de Uruguay, que es la Política para la Primera Infancia de ese país. En las consideraciones finales se discuten los resultados de estos Ires estudios, a la luz de la política para la primera infancia en condición de vulnerabilidad.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:36:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaAGG_TESE.pdf: 1435067 bytes, checksum: 90f7ddcfd2a216ca3831f34237754072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / Ce travail de th?se ici propos? a comme but de recherche la production lit?raire du po?te br?silien Manoel Wenceslau Leite Barros, Manoel de Barros, (1916 Cuiab?-MT) en l articulant avec la reflexion sur le concept de politique de l ?crite propos? par le philosophe alg?rien-fran?ais Jacques Ranci?re (1940 Algiers Alg?rie). L hypoth?se qui se presente est celle sur l ?crite po?tique de Manoel de Barros dont les ?marques du sensible? dans les exp?riences d?mocratiques sont perceptibles. Sa production inclue ce que se peut denominer d une micrologie po?tique, une reconfiguration du ?partager?, dans le sense de l ?laboration pratiques de l ?galit?, des pratiques de redistribution et de circulation des voix, instauratrices de la constitution esth?tiques des communaut?s diff?renci?es, consid?r?es comme alternatives, face au mod?le de syst?me canonique de la lit?rature. Au moment que sa fonctionnent comme des formes de subvertions, elles produisent des espaces ou marge d ?mancipation de l ?tre : lecteur et ?crivain, en d?clanchant des nouvelles perspectives ?thiques et esth?tiques. De cette mani?re, l objectif qui se dessine est ce qui comprend comment se configure la proposition d une politique de l ?crite de Manoel de Barros et la fa?on qu elle se place par rapport ? une politique des arts. Pour cela, nous utiliseront comme base la pens?e de Jacques Ranci?re qui se fait remarquer, les derni?res ann?es, pour entreprendre une refl?xion syst?matique et lucide par rapport aux relations ?xistantes entre esth?tique et politique dans la soci?t? pr?sente, ali? ? ce que se d?fine comme des mani?res et des formes de penser ?labor?es par le texte po?tique (lui m?me) de Manoel de Barros et de mani?re incontinu? dans ses entretiens-critiques, plubli?es dans des journaux et revues, pr?sent?es en vid?os, et nous n oublierons pas non plus des contributions th?oriques et des refl?xions parvenues de la pens?e contemporaine / O trabalho de tese aqui proposto possui como foco de investiga??o a produ??o liter?ria do poeta brasileiro Manoel Wenceslau Leite de Barros, Manoel de Barros, (1916 - Cuiab?-MT) articulando-a com a reflex?o sobre o conceito de pol?tica da escrita proposto pelo fil?sofo argelino-franc?s Jacques Ranci?re (1940 Algiers - Arg?lia). A hip?tese que se apresenta ? a de que na escrita po?tica de Manoel de Barros s?o percept?veis as ?marcas do sens?vel? nas experi?ncias democr?ticas. Sua produ??o engloba aquilo que se pode denominar de uma micrologia po?tica, uma reconfigura??o da partilha, no sentido de que elabora pr?ticas de igualdade, pr?ticas de redistribui??o e circula??o de vozes, instauradoras da constitui??o est?tica de comunidades diferenciadas, consideradas alternativas, em face ao modelo can?nico da literatura enquanto sistema. Ao funcionar como formas de subvers?o, estas produzem espa?os ou margens de emancipa??o do ente: leitor e escritor, desencadeando novas perspectivas ?ticas e est?ticas. Dessa forma, o objetivo que se traceja ? o de compreender como se configura a proposta de uma pol?tica da escrita na obra de Manoel de Barros e o modo como essa escrita se posiciona em rela??o a uma pol?tica das artes. Para tanto, utilizaremos como aporte basilar o pensamento de Jacques Ranci?re que se notabilizou, nos ?ltimos anos, por empreender uma reflex?o sistem?tica e l?cida a respeito das rela??es existentes entre est?tica e pol?tica na sociedade presente, aliado ao que se circunscreve como modos e formas de pensar elaboradas pelo pr?prio texto po?tico de Manoel de Barros e de maneira descont?nua em suas entrevistas-cr?ticas, publicadas em jornais e revistas e apresentadas em v?deos, assim como n?o descuraremos das contribui??es te?ricas e reflex?es advindas do pensamento contempor?neo

In daily care offered by an attachment figure to a child, it must be present, frequent and diverse interactions, and those interactions must be according with child needs (Ainsworth, 1982). The availability of the attachment figure to the child, the answers provides and if they are appropriate to child' s needs, is what is known as sensitivity (Ainsworth, 1982). This project aimed to adapt and to test the effectiveness of the video-feedback intervention to promote sensitive care and sensitive discipline (VIPP-SD), conducted with caregivers who worked in child care centers (VIPP-CC) in Uruguay. The VIPP interventions are evidence-based and using the video-feedback technique as main tool to promote sensitive care of children in their own contexts of development during early infancy. To check whether the VIPP-CC intervention was to be culturally adapted to beliefs and ideais about sensitive care of professionals in child care centers, a fust stody asked to mothers and childcare workers about their ideais of a sensitive mother in Uruguay and Brazil. Results showed highly siruilar ideal between mothers and childcare workers and across de countries. A second stody was a qualitative stody; the objective was to adapt the protocol VIPP-CC into Spanish and to test their process quality. Finally, a thiid stody was conducted to assess the impact of the VIPP-CC intervention, with an experimental methodology. Final comments were made in order to analyze the results implications for policy for early childhood. / En el cuidado cotidiano que una figura de apego brinda a un niiío, se debe buscar que las interacciones sean frecuentes, variadas, y acordes con las demandas y necesidades dei niií.o (Ainsworth, 1982). La disponibilidad de la figura de apego bacia el niií.o, las respuestas que le brinda y que tan apropiadas son tales repuestas ante las necesidades dei niií.o, es lo que se conoce como sensibilidad (Ainsworth, 1982). Este proyecto tuvo como objetivo adaptar y probar la efectividad de la intervención con video-feedback para promover el cuidado sensible y la disciplina sensible (VIPP-SD, Juffer, Bakermans Kranenburg & van Uzendoorn, 2008) en cuidadores profesionales que trabajan en centros infantiles (VIPP-CC, Groeneveld, Vermeer, van Uzendoorn, & Linting, 2011). Las intervenciones VIPP-SD y VIPP-CC son intervenciones breves basadas en la evidencia, que utilizan la retroalimentación con vídeo como principal herramienta para propiciar el cuidado sensible de los niií.os en sus propios contextos. Para comprobar si la intervención VIPP-CC debía adaptarse cultutalmente a creencias e ideales sobre el cuidado sensible de las educadoras iniciales, se realizó un primer estudio en el que educadoras iniciales construyeron su ideal de un cuidador sensible. Usando los resultados de este estudio, se realizó un segundo estudio para adaptar el protocolo de la intervención VIPP-CC para educadoras iniciales de habla espaiíola. Finalmente, se realiz6 un tercer estudio para evaluar el impacto de la intervención VIPP-CC, siguiendo con una metodologia experimental con evaluación pre y post-test. Las participantes fueron educadoras iniciales que trabajaban en Centros de Atención a la Infancia y la Familia (Centros CAlF) dei Uruguay, Estos Centros hacen parte dei Plan CAIF de Uruguay, que es la Política para la Primera Infancia de ese país. En las consideraciones finales se discuten los resultados de estos Ires estudios, a la luz de la política para la primera infancia en condición de vulnerabilidad.