The purpose of this essay is to investigate the translation stategies chosen by the translator when translating present and past participles in contracted sentences in a French scientific article into Swedish. Previous research shows that the French language has a predilection for an elliptical sentences structure, whereas the Swedish language prefers complete clauses. This difference could eventually cause problems during the translation process when translating the French present and past participles in contracted sentences into Swedish. The source text has been translated into Swedish. The translation of the participles has then been categorized according to the strategy chosen by the translator and then analyzed according to the theoretical models by Eriksson (1997, 2015) and Ingo (2007). Our study shows that the majority of the present and past participles in contracted sentences in the source text has been translated into complete causes in the target text. The relative clause seems to be the most common choice by the translator. However, other strategies have sometimes been chosen, often as a consequence of an already complicated sentence structure in the target text or due to stylistic choices.

This thesis deals with the assessment of school texts by students in Swedish upper-secondary school or in the corresponding adult education and concentrates on what differs between the grades Pass and Fail. The 60 texts used in the survey come from the 1997 archives of the national test construction group. A questionnaire to teachers asks what criteria are most important when distinguishing between Pass and Fail. The five criteria pointed out are Holistic scoring, Relevant content, The connecting thought, Sentence structure and How the student has followed the instructions. The most salient result regarding grades is the difference between grades from the students’ own teachers and from the independent assessors. Ten texts have received a Fail from the student’s own teacher, but as many as 35 get an average Fail from three assessors. There is variation in assessment, but 18 Fail texts and 18 Pass texts get a unanimous grade. Quantitative analyses of the 60 texts show a definite correlation between grade and number of words. However, the Fail-groups among narrative, expository and argumentative texts contain both the shortest and the longest texts. School texts are longer now than thirty years ago, especially texts with low grades. Sentences and words have become shorter. Coherence is investigated by a method of reference cohesion. No clear difference between Pass and Fail texts can be found, but between types of essay topics. Also important is the organization of the text and its paragraphs, a factor which separates Fail and Pass texts. Various aspects of sentence structure show better results in the Pass texts. The thesis is concluded with a commentary on the demands of the last compulsory course in Swedish. The needed level is argued to be the ability to write for an unknown reader.

Denna uppsats utgörs av en kommenterad översättning av ingressen och det första kapitlet i artikeldelen av den franska versionen av Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning nr 528/2012 till svenska. En strategi för översättningen bestäms utifrån ett antal utgångspunkter, exempelvis översättningsvetenskapliga teorier och EU:s anvisningar för översättning av rättsakter. Översättningen och den befintliga svenska versionen av förordningen analyseras sedan i syfte att undersöka likheter och skillnader i översättningsstrategi. Denna analys fokuserar på tre faktorer: transposition, modulation samt meningsbyggnad och EU:s punktregel. Det framkommer att både författarens egen översättning och den befintliga EU-versionen är mycket källtexttrogna, men att den befintliga versionen är mer källtexttrogen än vad uppsatsens översättning är, vilket tyder på en stark norm att inte avvika alltför mycket från källtexten. / The present study consists of an annotated translation of the preamble and the first chapter of the operative part of the French version of regulation No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council into Swedish. A translation strategy is determined based on several factors, mainly applicable translation theories and the Swedish guidelines for translators of the Union’s legal documents. The translation is then compared to the existing Swedish version of the regulation in order to analyze similarities and differences concerning the translation strategies employed. This analysis focuses on three aspects: transposition, modulation as well as sentence structure and the Union’s punctuation rule. The analysis shows that both the author’s own translation and the existing Swedish version are very similar to the source text, but the existing Swedish version is much more so, indicating a strong norm not to stray too far from the source text.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:17520256 研究代表者:町田 健 研究期間:2005-2007年度