Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-07-21T00:40:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o.pdf: 930316 bytes, checksum: c7081dbe78b85faae39c3ac523607f58 (MD5) / Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-07-21T00:40:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o.pdf: 930316 bytes, checksum: c7081dbe78b85faae39c3ac523607f58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-21T00:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o.pdf: 930316 bytes, checksum: c7081dbe78b85faae39c3ac523607f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-21T00:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o.pdf: 930316 bytes, checksum: c7081dbe78b85faae39c3ac523607f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / In this dissertation, we analyze the short crime stories by Mayrant Gallo ? one of the most productive writers from Bahia presently ? trying to demonstrate the theme of crime as a metaphor of the world we live in, which is often violent and corrupt. In the work of the author in question ? as well as in the work of many others crime fiction writers ?, we show clearly that the representation of the criminal universe is a method or a means of making the reader reflect on things more widely than the simple ?who killed? questioning. We aim to demystify the ideia very widespread among literary critics that crime fiction is a ?minor genre?. In this regard, we discuss the characteristics, similarities and differences between its types: detective fiction, noir and ?action? fiction. This last type, although practiced by writers like Edgar Allan Poe e Jorge Luis Borges, for example, had its terminology coined only in 2005, by Mayrant Gallo, who is also a teacher and a crime fiction theorist, a genre which has been insufficiently researched in the academy. / Neste trabalho, analisamos os contos policiais do escritor Mayrant Gallo ? um dos mais fecundos autores da Bahia na contemporaneidade ? tentando demonstrar a tem?tica do crime como uma met?fora, uma meton?mia do mundo em que vivemos, muitas vezes violento e corrupto. Na obra do autor em foco ? assim como na de tantos outros escritores de hist?rias policiais ? evidenciamos a representa??o do universo criminal como um m?todo, um meio de levar o leitor a reflex?es bem mais amplas do que ao mero questionamento do ?quem matou?. Objetivamos desmitificar a ideia, que ainda perdura entre os cr?ticos liter?rios, de que a narrativa policial ? um ?g?nero menor?. Para tanto, discutimos as caracter?sticas, semelhan?as e diferen?as dos tipos da modalidade estudada: de enigma, noir e ?de a??o?. Este ?ltimo, apesar de ter sido praticado por escritores como Edgar Allan Poe e Jorge Luis Borges, por exemplo, teve a sua terminologia cunhada apenas em 2005, por Mayrant Gallo, que, al?m de escritor, ? professor e te?rico da literatura policial, pouco divulgada no ?mbito universit?rio.

In the portrayal of the Galician people Pardo Bazán's naturalistic pessimism is more evident than in her descriptions of customs or landscape. Her characters are stifled and often shattered by living conditions. The environment weighs heavily upon them, bringing forth the more despicable aspects of human behavior. In spite of this, she succeeds in probing the soul of her countrymen and giving them life in her short stories.

O livro A Boca do Inferno, de Otto Lara Resende, é constituído por sete contos que nos inserem num universo infantil pleno de conflitos e angústias. Os infortúnios revelados de maneira engenhosa e penetrante fazem do estudo do livro um artifício para interes-santes revelações. As situações de violência moral e física frente às consequências do abandono, da solidão e dos maus-tratos resultam no trágico, suscitando reflexões acerca de questões intimistas e causando grande impacto emocional no leitor, que passa, então, a questionar seus próprios valores morais, alguns aspectos culturais solidificados e a au-toridade de instituições como a Igreja e a Família. Conferindo às narrativas algumas ten-dências bastante contemporâneas, essa coletânea de contos alcança sem dificuldades os patamares da literatura como manifestação universal. Sendo assim, mais do que propiciar uma mudança de perspectiva sobre a obra, atribuindo a ela um reconhecimento outrora proscrito, intenciona-se ampliar o debate que ela pode estabelecer sobre a subjetividade humana no mais intrínseco da sua constituição: a infância. / A Boca do Inferno, by Otto Lara Resende, consists of seven stories that insert us into a childish universe full of conflicts and anguishes. The misfortunes revealed in an in-genious and penetrating way turn the study of the book into a device for interesting rev-elations. The situations of moral and physical violence face the consequences of abandon-ment, loneliness and ill-treatment result in the tragic itself, raising reflections on intimate issues and causing big emotional impact on the reader, who consequently challenges his own moral values as well as some solidified cultural aspects and the authority of institu-tions such as Church and Family. By verifying some contemporary tendencies in the nar-ratives, these short stories collection easily reaches the highest degree of literature as a universal manifestation. Thus, rather than furnish a change of perspective about the liter-ary work, giving it a recognition previously outcasted, it is intended to increase the debate it can establish about the human subjectivity in the most intrinsic of its constitution: the childhood.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Isabel da Silva.pdf: 328763 bytes, checksum: b306f5ebc19b383ed99117ead5aabf7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-13 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This essay focuses in the most important process of the articulation of a text, connected in two levels: - syntactic structure and the semantic arrangement. It s around these two axes that the linguistic and speech procedures are explored, axes that are responsible for the meaning of the text. Owing to this, some proposals of the textual linguistics which are concerned about the mainly criteria of textuality and cognitive process have been employed. This essay will focus only on the study of linguistic operations responsible for the production, construction and procedures of texts, whose language is used as metalinguistics. It s also concerned about the surface linking on the level on linguistic components, the conceptual coherence on semantics and cognitive and the pragmatic one, on the level of actions and intentions. The objects of study are short stories written by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, which explore metalinguistic function. / Este trabalho aborda os processos mais importantes de articulação do texto estes integrados em dois níveis: estrutura sintática e organização semântica. Exploram-se em torno desses dois eixos os procedimentos lingüísticos e discursivos responsáveis pela significação do texto. Para isso, foram adotadas propostas da lingüística textual que se preocupa com os principais critérios de textualidade e do processamento cognitivo. Deter-se-à, portanto, no estudo das operações lingüísticas responsáveis pela produção, construção e funcionamento de textos cuja linguagem se propõe como metalingüística. Sua preocupação abrange, também, a coesão superficial no nível dos constituintes lingüísticos, a coerência conceitual no nível semântico e cognitivo e a pragmática no plano das ações e das intenções. O objeto de estudo são crônicas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, que exploram a função metalingüística.

Ce travail présente la manière dont le regard d'Elizabeth Bishop appréhende le monde en refusant toute illusion de familiarité. Il étudie les diverses stratégies de défamiliarisation qui invitent le lecteur à redécouvrir les surprises que peuvent réserver l'ordinaire et le quotidien, ainsi que le rapport qui s'instaure entre le sujet lyrique et le monde dans ces conditions. Il s'agit d'analyser comment l'affleurement de l'étrange ou de l'informe dans le familier et l'intime permet d'accéder à une reconnaissance du soi plus ample et plus authentique. L'écriture de Bishop remet inlassablement en question la stabilité de la réalité, y compris celle du sujet, ainsi que toute notion d'acquis, ou d'acquisition dans le temps. C'est ainsi que sa voix – sa signature – se singularise et qu'elle se démarque de ses pairs, mais aussi de la société à laquelle elle appartient. Ce qui s'affirme au travers de son écriture n'est paradoxalement fait que d'incertitude et de vulnérabilité. Le sujet qui s'y forme se construit sur de l'éphémère, sur ses propres limites ; il ne peut s'appuyer que sur la découverte de l'aliénation exogène mais également endogène à laquelle il est confronté. Simultanément, cette écriture cherche des moyens de maintenir le sujet, par la résonance d'échos, par le foisonnement, la prolifération, autant de techniques qui le ramènent incessamment au manque, au vide, à la faille qu'elles sont supposées masquer. Cette thèse propose d'interroger le rapport entre perte et création dans l'œuvre de Bishop, la manière dont la création se nourrit de la perte, et dont elle entraîne le lecteur dans cette transaction, l'incluant par là-même dans le processus créatif. / This study examines the way Elizabeth Bishop's writings probe the world's seeming familiarity, how through various strategies of defamiliarization they reveal to the reader the hidden surprises of the ordinary, and how the lyrical subject relates to the world. As the strange and the shapeless surface within the intimate and the familiar, the persona gains access to a better and more authentic understanding of his-her own self. Bishop's writing relentlessly questions the stability of reality, including that of the self. It seems that the only knowledge available is that of uncertainty and contingency. Her voice is therefore necessarily singular and isolated, being itself in perpetual mutation. In order to maintain itself, her subject is constrained to rely on its own ephemeral and limited nature, as well as on external and internal alienation. Echoes and techniques of proliferation are construed to achieve that aim. Yet those techniques keep ! bringing the subject back to the lack, the absence, the gaps they are meant to bridge and cover up. Finally, this analysis explores the relationship between loss and creation: how creation is fueled by loss and how the reader is drawn into Bishop's writing thus ensuring the persistence of creation.

L’œuvre de Rick Moody échappe à toute tentative de catégorisation générique, elle est à la croisée de styles qui s’entrechoquent et se heurtent pour donner naissance à une prose hétéroclite. Cette fiction protéiforme n’en demeure pas moins traversée par la répétition d’un motif invariant : l’accident. C’est le paradoxe de cette observation qui constitue le point de départ de cette thèse. Comment l’accident, dont le surgissement paraît toujours fulgurant, instantané et unique, peut-il se voir répété, décliné et transformé en un principe structurant qui préside à la composition de l’oeuvre de Rick Moody ? Pour répondre à cette question, il faut nécessairement changer le présupposé sur lequel repose la définition de l’accident pour qu’il ne soit plus seulement envisagé comme ce qui arrive de manière accidentelle mais pour que soit révélée également sa dimension essentielle. Cela revient à proposer l’hypothèse que l’accident est toujours déjà là, qu’il est ontologique. Ce changement de perspective, rendu possible par une manipulation temporelle, encourage, sur le plan de l’analyse littéraire, une étude de la temporalité de l’accident. Son surgissement induit plus largement la question de la représentation de la réalité tandis que sa répétition autorise son inscription dans une durée. Provoquant toujours une rupture, la temporalité de l’accident est double car elle a la possibilité à la fois de mettre un terme et de faire éclore un nouveau début. L’accident crée des formes et des cycles, il surgit, dure, détruit, mais aussi régénère. / The books of Rick Moody evade all possibility for a generic categorization. They standat the crossroads of different styles which collide with one another and give birth to a heterogeneous prose. However, at the heart of Moody’s protean fiction is to be found a recurring motif : the accident. The repetition of this pattern and the paradox it arises are what started this dissertation. How can such a motif be repeated and transformed into an unvarying organization principle since, at its core, the accident is supposed to happen in a flash, only once? The answer to this question lies in a change of perspective. The definition of the accident needs to be challenged so that it allows for the possibility to consider it not only as what happens accidentally but what is bound to happen by necessity. It all amounts to suggesting that the accident is ontological ; it is always already present, on the verge of happening. This temporal shift makes it necessary, in aliterary perspective, to analyze the temporality of the accident. The sudden appearance of the accident raises questions about the strategies fiction has at its disposal torepresent reality. The repetition of the accident induces also a reflection on its duration.The break-up it necessarily generates reveals its dual temporality: it either comes as an ending or as a possibility for a new beginning. The accident creates different shapes, forms and cycles as it comes up, destroys and regenerates.

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This thesis argues that a literary change occurred after the fall of the dictatorships of the Southern Cone, characterized by the emergence of markets that provoked a "mini-boom" in sales and, at the same time, a change of aesthetics which abandoned the allegorical models of the post-boom in favor of a realistic literature in dialogue with popular culture. This is the sign of postmodernity and globalization in Latin America, reflected in its literature, particularly in the short story writing of the Southern Cone, which has utilized the parody and pastiche of the postmodern era without the trivialization that occurred in other parts of the world. With the goal of establishing a periodization that is different from that which has always prevailed in Latin American literature, the thesis proposes the term "post-vanguardist realism" to designate the literature of the 1990s and the twenty-first century in the Southern Cone. As is the case in all periods of rupture and new beginnings, polemics and disputes appeared between literary bands. The disputes protagonized by Alberto Fuguet and Jaime Collyer in Chile, experimentalists and "planetarians" in Argentina, and Escanlar and the generation of '45 in Uruguay, reflect this new commercial and aesthetic reality. Despite the emergence of a literature more in tune with popular culture and pastiche, the continental anthologies that unite these authors demonstrate how their projects began to fade away, and showcase the appearance of new voices, who take the lead after 2000 and break with this type of literature, in favor of a less schematic narrative with more intertextual dialogue, without, however, returning to magical realism. Despite local differences in short story writing and the literary traditions of each country, these new voices are united by a common aesthetic, the use of literary genres and themes from the shared history of the Southern Cone, and by the traumatic experiences of dictatorship and globalization.

Les études sur les personnages féminins stendhaliens et mériméens sont certainement nombreuses. Toutefois, notre travail envisage une nouvelle approche qui a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les rapports que Stendhal et Mérimée entretiennent avec les théories qui prédominent dès le XVIIIe siècle. Nous nous référons en particulier à la théorie des quatre tempéraments et la théorie des climats et leur influence sur la création des figures féminines, protagonistes des histoires qui constituent le corpus des Chroniques italiennes et des nouvelles de Mérimée, c’est-à-dire La Vénus d’Ille, Colomba et Carmen. Notre propos est de découvrir un nouvel aspect de la problématique féminine en analysant le type humain de la femme du Midi étudié sous la perspective de l’influence des théories susmentionnées. Nous avons également mis en relation la forme littéraire adoptée par les deux écrivains (la nouvelle, le petit roman) avec les sujets qu’ils abordent et l’effet qu’ils veulent produire sur le lecteur. En quoi, en effet, la forme brève qu'ils choisissent contribue-t-elle à l'effet de violence que la représentation du Sud est supposée produire ? Le récit court sert, à l'évidence, l'efficacité d'un propos à la fois esthétique, ethnologique et éthique. L’étude s’articule en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à l’évolution de la théorie des tempéraments et la théorie des climats, ensuite, au contexte historique et culturel de la période à cheval entre le XVIIIe et XIXe siècles qui influence aussi la création littéraire de Stendhal et de Mérimée. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous occupons de la poétique stendhalienne et mériméenne par rapport aux récits courts. Enfin, nous analysons les figures féminines par rapport aux études préliminaires que nous avons faites dans les parties précédentes. / Studies about female characters in Stendhal’s and Mérimée’s works are in no doubt numerous. However, the aim of our work is to highlight the relationship between these authors and the theories that prevailed from the eighteenth century onwards. We refer in particular to both the four temperaments theory and the climate the theory and their influence on the creation of female characters, protagonists in the stories we chose for our corpus: the Chroniques italiennes of Stendhal and the shorts stories La Vénus d’Ille, Colomba and Carmen of Mérimée. Our purpose is to unveil a new aspect of the female problematic by analysing Southern Europe woman human type observed from the perspective of the influence of the above-mentioned theories. We also linked the form chosen by the two writers (short story, little novel) with the themes they address and the effect they want to produce on the reader. To which extent is the short story type contributing to the effect of violence supposed to be produced by the depiction of the South? Short stories serve the efficiency of a purpose at the same time aesthetic, ethnological and ethical. This study consists of three parts. First of all, we examine the the evolution of both four temperaments theory and climate theory, as well as the eighteenth, beginning of the nineteenth century historical and cultural background which also influences Stendhal and Mérimée literary creation. Secondly, we reflect upon Stendhal’s and Mérimée’s poetics in relation to short stories. Finally, we analyse the female characters in relation to the preliminary studies previously mentioned. / Gli studi sui personaggi femminili di Stendhal e Mérimée sono sicuramenti numerosi. Ciò nonostante, il nostro lavoro prevede un nuovo approccio che ha come obiettivo di mettere in evidenza l’influenza che le correnti di pensiero, che predominano a partire dal diciottesimo secolo, hanno sulla produzione letterario di Stendhal e Mérimée. In particolare, ci riferiamo alla teoria dei quattro temperamenti e alla teoria dei climi rispetto alla creazione dei personaggi femminili, protagonisti delle storie che costituiscono il corpus delle Cronache italiane e delle novelle di Mérimée, ossia La Venere d’Ille, Colomba et Carmen. Il nostro scopo è quello di mettere in luce un nuovo aspetto della problematica femminile, analizzando il tipo umano della donna meridionale studiato sotto la prospettiva delle teorie sopra menzionate. Abbiamo anche messo in relazione la forma letteraria adottata dai due scrittori (la novella, il piccolo romanzo) con l’argomento che trattano e l’effetto che vogliono produrre sul lettore. Concretamente, in che modo la forma breve che scelgono contribuisce all’effetto di violenza che la rappresentazione del Sud è presupposta produrre? La novella serve a rendere efficace un pensiero estetico, etnologico et etico. Lo studio si divide in tre parti. In un primo momento, ci interessiamo all’evoluzione della teoria dei temperamenti e alla teoria dei climi, in seguito, al contesto storico-culturale del periodo a cavallo tra diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo che influenza anche la creazione letteraria di Stendhal et Mérimée. In un secondo momento, ci occupiamo della poetica di Stendhal et Mérimée rispetto alla novella. Infine, analizziamo i personaggi femminili in rapporto agli studi preliminari effettuati nelle parti precedenti della nostra tesi.

The problem with which this thesis is concerned is the relationship between literature and politics. By means of a biographical and historical study two significant writers of the 1930s/40s I examine the ways in which the pressures of Depression, the threat of fascism and the onset of war influenced Australian writing. In particular, I ask whether the political issues of the period affected what these authors wrote and how they wrote it. My conclusion is that pressure of political concern caused significant personal, philosophical and political changes in Barnard and Davison, and that it affected both the genre in which they wrote and the content of their fiction. They turned from fiction to cultural commentary, historical writing, political pamphleteering and activism. They utilised short fiction as a means of discussing their worries about the state of the world and in order to promote values they felt threatened. When they returned to longer fiction their work bore, to differing degrees, in its ideas, arguments and imagery, the influence of their political engagement. More generally, I conclude that liberal humanism was the major animating philosophy of writers in the 1930s and that their concern with political issues grew from their conviction that western liberal democracy was the most fruitful soil for the production of art, a climate of freedom which they felt threatened by both fascism and war. This anxiety is the most important factor in both their politicisation and the work they did under the latter???s influence.