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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

Living with sickle cell disease and depression in Lagos, Nigeria

Ola, Bolanle January 2016 (has links)
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and depression are each major public health issues globally. Nigeria currently has the largest proportion of people with SCD worldwide, with up to 150,000 annual births. This study highlights the limitations of previous studies, which only utilize the biomedical model in explaining SCD, and which pay insufficient attention to the lived experiences of people with SCD. Extant literature reports strong associations between SCD and depression, and locates the problem ‘only’ in terms of disease severity, levels of service utilization or alleged psychological maladjustment to SCD condition. Biomedical research tends to treat stigma as a predicament that automatically correlates with SCD. Data collected was guided by a modified three-staged theoretical framework derived from Arthur Kleinman, with the use of questionnaires (incorporating Patient Health Questionnaire) to describe depression in persons with SCD; 15 in-depth interviews to explore the illness experience of SCD, and a series of six focus groups to examine depression and stigma in SCD as a form of ‘societal sickness’. In the first stage, questionnaires were administered to 103 outpatients at an SCD clinic in Lagos, Nigeria, and findings revealed an association of depression with age, and severity of SCD as indicated by symptoms such as leg ulcers. The first stage enabled those with moderate depression to be identified and invited into the subsequent stages (two and three) of the research. In the second stage, fifteen in-depth interviews with adults living with SCD were conducted and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), also drawing on the influences of Herbert Blumer and Erving Goffman. Testimonies suggested that people with SCD face overwhelmingly negative criticisms from a wide range of significant others, including close family members; that the discrimination they face arises not from their condition per se but from the societal norms and expectation that they are assumed to break; and that they themselves identify pathways from the negative experience they endure to their own depression and mental distress. In the third stage, a series of three focus groups, each with five participants, found that people with SCD began to reject negative labels, identify challenges in their own terms, gain a sense of confidence and identity from their participation in groups, and began to identify social barriers to their full participation in society that they wished to challenge. The overall findings of the research suggest that by coming together in groups, people with SCD themselves suggest that rigorously researched social interventions may be considered an important adjunct to medical interventions in improving the lives of those living with SCD in Nigeria and throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
222

Hemaglobinopathy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Historical Cohort Study

Liu, Song January 2012 (has links)
Pregnancy in women with hemoglobinopathy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a historical cohort study using Discharge Abstract Database for the fiscal year 1991-1992 through 2007-2008. We estimated the frequency of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathy and examined their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with sickle cell disease are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia and preterm labor, and to undergo cesarean delivery than women with nutritional deficiency anemia, suggesting that there are other mechanisms beyond anemia that may be responsible for an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data suggested a synergistic effect of hemoglobinopathy and pre-eclampsia on preterm labor and cesarean delivery. Prediction models for pre-eclampsia, preterm labor and cesarean delivery were created and internally validated for women with hemoglobinopathy, with satisfactory discrimination and calibration.
223

Prevalência de hipertensão pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com hemoglobinopatias / Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children and adolescents with hemoglobinopathies

Ferreira, Clarissa Barros January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As Hemoglobinopatias podem ser divididas em Talassemias e Doença Falciforme (DF), mas do ponto de vista clínico, ambas apresentam um quadro de anemia hemolítica crônica, o que acarreta uma série de complicações, entre estas a Hipertensão Pulmonar (HP). Estima-se que cerca de 20-40% da população com DF/talassemia apresente HP, sendo que este diagnóstico está associado a uma elevada morbi-mortalidade. Poucos estudos avaliaram esta prevalência em crianças. O Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência desta complicação na população pediátrica, e associá-la com características clínicas e laboratoriais. MÉTODOS: Estudo de Corte Transversal, com avaliação de 45 pacientes com diagnóstico de DF ou Talassemia maior/ intermédia entre 3-18 anos, atendidos de forma consecutiva no ambulatório de Hemoglobinopatias do HCPA. Os pacientes foram submetidos a um ecocardiograma para estimativa da pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar, sendo que foi considerado como tendo risco de HP os pacientes com velocidade de regurgitação tricúspide (VRT) ≥ 2,5m/s. Foram obtidos dados clínicos e laboratoriais para avaliação dos parâmetros hemolíticos, função hepática e renal por levantamento de prontuário e comparados os grupos. RESULTADOS: 15% (6/40) dos pacientes apresentaram VRT ≥ 2,5m/s, sugestivo de HP, sendo que destes pacientes todos tinham diagnóstico de Anemia Falciforme (AF). Considerando apenas esta população, a prevalência de HP aumenta para 20% (6/30). A população com VRT ≥ 2,5m/s apresentou média de idade mais elevada, Hb mais baixa, RDW mais alargado, reticulócitos e LDH mais elevado que o grupo com VRT < 2,5m/s. A principal intercorrência clínica nesta população foi a ocorrência de priapismo (p< 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com Hemoglobinopatias estão em risco aumentado para desenvolvimento de HP desde a infância, principalmente aqueles com AF. Estes pacientes apresentam os parâmetros laboratoriais sugestivos de hemólise alterados, assim como outros sintomas associados ao quadro hemolítico como o priapismo quando comparados com pacientes com VRT normal. Desta forma sugere-se a realização de triagem com ecocardiograma nesta população de forma precoce. / INTRODUCTION: The Hemoglobinopathies can be divided in Thalassemias and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), but clinically both present with chronic hemolytic anemia, which leads to various complications, one of them being Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). About 20-40% of patients with SCD have PH, and this diagnosis is associated with a high risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this complication in the pediatric population, and associate clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study, with the evaluation of 45 patients with diagnosis of SCD or thalassemia major/intermedia between 3-18 years, which received treatment at the Hemoglobinopathies ambulatory at HCPA. The patients were submitted to an echocardiogram to estimate the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, being considered to have PH patients with a tricuspid regurgitate jet velocity (TRV) ≥ 2.5m/s. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained to evaluate hemolytic parameters, renal and liver function and compared between groups. RESULTS: 15% (6/40) of patients had a TRV ≥ 2.5m/s, suggestive of PH, of which all had Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). Considering this group of patients alone the prevalence would be of 20% (6/30). Patients with TRV ≥ 2.5m/s had a higher median age, lower hemoglobin count, higher RDW, reticulocyte and DHL then patients with a TRV < 2.5m/s. The major clinical feature was the occurrence of priapism (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies are at higher risk of developing PH since early childhood, especially those with SCA. These patients showed a higher level of hemolytic parameters, as well as symptoms associated with hemolysis, like priapism, when compared with patients with a normal TRV. Therefore, it would be indicated to submit these patients to an echocardiogram routinely in their early years.
224

Efeito da hidroxiureia e de doadores de oxido nitrico na expressão e função das moleculas de adesão em celulas vermelhas de pacientes com anemia falciforme / Effect of hydroxyurea and nitric oxide donors in the expression and function of adhesion molecules in red blood cells of sickle cell disease

Gambero, Sheley 28 July 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Fernando Ferreira Costa, Nicola Conran / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T10:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gambero_Sheley_M.pdf: 2005109 bytes, checksum: faec483bdfe41c20b920e16808d8eb59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A anemia falciforme é um distúrbio genético da hemoglobina causado por uma mutação de ponto produzindo hemoglobina S (HbS) que quando desoxigenada causa, entre outros sintomas, eventos vaso-oclusivos. Um dos mecanismos indicados como causador da vaso-oclusão é a adesão de hemácias falciformes ao endotélio dos vasos. Eritrócitos falciformes e normais aderem ao endotélio vascular utilizando moléculas de adesão como, CD 36 e integrina VLA-4, entre outras moléculas de adesão. Hidroxiuréia (HU) é um agente quimioterápico que diminui a freqüência de crises vaso-oclusivas, síndrome torácica aguda e necessidade de transfusão. Longos tratamentos com HU levam a uma redução global das proteínas de superficie dos neutrófilos, monócitos e linfócitos, além de aumentar os níveis de Hemoglobina fetal (Hb F), que inibe a polimerização da célula falciforme desoxigenada. O NO é um importante vaso-dilatador responsável por inúmeros efeitos benéficos durante as crises vaso-oclusivas. Estudos demonstram que o NO pode diminuir a expressão endotelial de moléculas de adesão, mas estudos diretos sobre os níveis de expressão dessas moléculas em anemia falciforme na presença de NO não tem sido encontrados na literatura. Deste modo objetivamos neste trabalho, analisar a expressão, gênica e protéica, e a função das moléculas de adesão VLA-4 (CD49d ou cadeia a. e CD29 ou cadeia 13) e CD 36 em células vermelhas de pacientes com anemia falciforme com e sem terapia com HU e os efeitos do tratamento in vitro com HU e agentes doadores de NO na adesão dessas células. Analisando a adesão das células vermelhas normais e de pacientes com e sem terapia com HU confirmamos que as células vermelhas de pacientes falciformes são mais aderentes que as células vermelhas normais e que a terapia com HU provoca uma diminuição dessa aderência. A citometria de fluxo comprovou a maior presença de células CD36+ e CD49d+ além de maior índice de expressão dessas moléculas nos pacientes falciformes em relação ao controle e a diminuição da expressão e positividade dessas moléculas em células de pacientes em terapia com HU quando comparadas com pacientes sem terapia. Adicionalmente, a análise por Real Time PCR demonstrou que a expressão gênica de CD36, CD49d e CD29 em reticulócitos falciformes é significativamente menor em pacientes em terapia com HU quando comparado com pacientes que não recebem essa terapia. Em resumo, nossos resultados sugerem que: as propriedades adesivas à fibronectina (FN) são aumentadas em células SS e que estas propriedades diminuem nos pacientes que tomam a terapia de HU; a terapia com HU diminui a expressão protéica e a positividade, das células vermelhas falciformes, hemácias e células jovens, para os receptores CD36 e CD49d; e a expressão gêniea das moléculas de adesão CD36 e CD49d em reticulócitos de pacientes com anemia falciforme que recebem terapia com HU é diminuída em relação ao grupo de pacientes falciformes que não recebem essa terapia / Abstract: Sickle cell vaso-occlusion constitutes a complex process involving interactions between SS red blood cells (RBC), endothelial cells, leukocytes, platelets, coagula tive factors and plasma proteins. Propagation ofthe vaso-occlusive process in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a complex process involving the adhesion of SS red cells and reticulocytes to the vascular endothelium. The effect of hydroxyurea therapy (HUT) on the adhesive properties of sickle red cells and the expression of adhesion molecule genes by erythroid cells of SCA individuals is not yet fully understood. The expressions of the CD36 gene and the VLA-4 integrin subunit genes, CD49d (a-subunit) and CD29 (J3-subunit), were compared in the reticulocytes of steady-state SCA patients and patients on HUT using Real-Time PCR Basal adhesion of red cells ftom these subjects was also compared using static adhesion assays, as was surface protein expression, using flow cytometry. Basal sickle red cell adhesion to fibronectin was significantly greater than that of normal cells (P<O.OI); in contrast, HUT significantly decreased (P<O.OI) red cell adhesion to levels similar to those of control cells and this decrease could not be justified solely by alterations in reticulocyte numbers in this population. Accordingly, flow cytometry demonstrated that HUT significantly decreased CD36 and CD49d surface expression (P<O.Ol) and, importantly, significant reductions in the expressions of the CD36, CD49d and CD29 genes were seen (P<O.O5) in the reticulocytes of SCA patients on HU. Taken together, data support the hypothesis that HUT reduces the adhesive properties of sickle cells and that this decrease appears to be mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in the gene and, consequently, surface protein expression of adhesion molecules such as VLA-4 and CD36 / Mestrado / Patologia Clinica / Mestre em Ciências Médicas
225

Investigação de adesão plaquetaria na anemia falciforme e o papel dos nucleotideos ciclicos nesta adesão / Investigation on platelet adhesion in sickle cell disease and the role of cyclic nucleotides in this adhesion

Proença-Ferreira, Renata, 1980- 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Nicola Amanda Conran Zorzetto, Fernando Ferreira Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Proenca-Ferreira_Renata_M.pdf: 950238 bytes, checksum: 21ee0800d218d95b35b72ea1eeaab7e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Anemia falciforme (AF) é uma doença causada por uma mutação de ponto, que resulta na formação de hemoglobina S (HbS). A polimerização de HbS desoxigenada resulta na deformação, enrijecimento e fragilização das células vermelhas, anemia hemolítica e eventos vasos-oclusivos, principal causa de morbidade nos pacientes com AF. A adesão anormal das células brancas e vermelhas ao endotélio diminui o fluxo de sangue na circulação micro-vascular, principal fator envolvido na vaso-oclusão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as propriedades adesivas de plaquetas de indivíduos sadios (AA) com as plaquetas de pacientes com AF (SS) e em terapia com hidroxiuréia (HU), e quais moléculas de adesão e sinalização estão envolvidas nesta adesão. A adesão basal de plaquetas ao fibrinogênio (FB) do grupo de pacientes SS foi significativamente maior em relação às plaquetas AA, entretanto, as plaquetas de pacientes SSHU mostraram uma adesão similar às plaquetas AA. As plaquetas AA, SS e SSHU quando estimuladas com trombina (TB), apresentaram uma adesão significativamente maior em relação às suas adesões basais. Por outro lado, não houve diferenças significativas entre as adesões basais das plaquetas AA, SS e SSHU ao colágeno como ligante. A citometria de fluxo foi utilizada para comparar a expressão e ativação das principais moléculas de adesão nestas plaquetas, e identificou-se um aumento de expressão da integrina aIIbß3 na sua conformação de ativação, na superfície das plaquetas SS, em relação às plaquetas AA e SSHU. A molécula P-selectina (CD62P) foi encontrada com maior expressão também na superfície das plaquetas SS. Ensaios de adesão utilizando anticorpos específicos para as moléculas de adesão indicaram um possível papel para a integrina aIIbß3 na adesão de plaquetas ao FB. O AMPc é um importante inibidor de ativação plaquetária, e os níveis intraplaquetários de adenosina manofosfato cíclica (AMPc) das plaquetas SS foram significativamente menores em relação às plaquetas AA e SSHU. A co-incubação das plaquetas com TB reduziu significativamente os níveis de AMPc nas plaquetas AA, e SSHU, e nas plaquetas SS essa redução não foi significativa. Além disso, foi interessante notar que os níveis de hemoglobina fetal (HbF) em pacientes SS e SSHU apresentaram uma significativa correlação com os níveis de AMPc. Em relação aos níveis intraplaquetários de guanosina monofosfato cíclica (GMPc), importante inibidor de agregação plaquetária, das plaquetas AA, SS e SSHU não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas, entretanto com estímulo de trombina houve um aumento significativo de GMPc nas plaquetas AA. A incubação das plaquetas com o cilostazol (inibidor específico da fosfodiesterase 3A, PDE3A) levou a uma redução da adesão de plaquetas SS, e sugere-se que as plaquetas SS possuem a atividade de fosforilação da PDE3A aumentada, e esteja relacionada com a degradação de AMPc nessas plaquetas. Além disso, dados indicam que as vias de sinalização dependentes de PKA, PKG e PKC não estão envolvidas na adesão alterada das plaquetas SS. A atividade funcional nos ensaios com agregação plaquetária de pacientes com AF está alterada, mas será necessário que novos experimentos sejam realizados para maiores conclusões. Os resultados sugerem que as plaquetas de pacientes AF circulam num estado ativado e que elas possuem maior capacidade de aderirem às proteínas que podem ser encontradas na matriz extracelular (MEC) e na superfície da parede vascular. Esta adesão aumentada está associada com os níveis diminuídos de AMPc intraplaquetários e ativação da integrina aIIbß3. Estas mesmas alterações parecem ser revertidas nos pacientes em uso de HU. Resultados sugerem que as plaquetas podem ter um papel importante no processo de vaso-oclusão. Quando estão ativadas, estas plaquetas servem como fonte importante para mediadores inflamatórios que, por sua vez, podem levar à exacerbação da inflamação e ativação celular no local. / Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a point mutation that results in the formation of Hemoglobin S (HbS). The polymerization of deoxygenated HbS causes deformation of red cells, which then adopt a sickle shape and become rigid and fragile. Hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive events are the main cause of morbidity in SCD; abnormal adhesion of white and red cells to the endothelium decreases the blood flow in the microcirculation and appears to be the main factor involved in vaso-occlusion. The objective of this study was to compare the adhesive properties of platelets from healthy individuals (AA platelets) with those of platelets from SCD patients (SS platelets) and from patients on HU therapy (SSHU platelets), as well as the adhesion molecules and signaling pathways that may be involved in this adhesion. The basal adhesion of SS platelets to fibrinogen (FB) was significantly higher than that of AA platelets; in contrast, SSHU platelets demonstrated a similar adhesion to that of AA platelets. Platelets from AA, SS and SSHU individuals, when stimulated with thrombin (TB), all presented significantly higher adhesions when compared with their basal adhesions. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the adhesions of AA, SS and SSHU platelets when collagen was used as a ligand. Flow cytometry was utilized to compare the expression and activation of the main adhesion molecules on AA, SS and SSHU platelets and identified a significantly higher expression of the ?IIb?3 integrin in its activated conformation on the surface of the SS platelets, in relation to the AA and SSHU. Expression of the P-selectin adhesion molecule (CD62P) was also found to be increased on the surface of SSHU platelets. Adhesion assays utilizing specific antibodies for the activated ?IIb?3 and P-selectin indicated a possible role for the ?IIb?3 integrin in the adhesion of platelets to FB. The cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Intraplatelet levels of cAMP were found to be significantly lower in SS platelets compared to AA and SSHU platelets. Co-incubation of platelets with TB significantly reduced levels of cAMP in the AA and SSHU platelets, but in SS platelets this decrease was not significant. Interestingly, levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in SCD patients (both SS and SSHU) were found to correlate significantly with levels of platelet AMPc. With regard to intraplatelet levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), there were no significant differences found between AA, SS and SSHU platelets, however following a TB stimulus AA platelets demonstrated a significant increase in intracellular cGMP. Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is the main cyclic nucleotide hydrolyzing enzyme in platelets. Incubation of SS platelets, but not AA or SSHU platelets, with cilostazol (specific inhibitor of PDE3A) resulted in a significant reduction in their adhesion to FB, suggesting that PDE3A activity in SS platelets may be activated and that augmentation of cAMP is capable of reverting increased SS platelet adhesion. Additional experiments indicate that Protein kinase A (PKA), PKG and PKC dependent signaling pathways are not involved in the altered adhesion of SS platelets. The functional activity of SS platelets was found to be altered in platelet aggregation assays, however further experiments are required to draw conclusions from these data. Results of this study suggest that platelets from SCD individuals circulate in an activated state and that they present a greater ability to adhere to proteins that may be encountered on the vessel wall. This augmented adhesion is associated with decreased levels of intraplatelet cAMP and activation of the ?IIb?3 integrin. These alterations appear to be reversed in patients on HU therapy. Results suggest that platelets may have an important role in the vaso-occlusive process.When activated these cells are an important source of inflammatory mediators that may, in turn, result in an exacerbation of cellular activation at the vaso-occlusive site. / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica
226

Influência de polimorfismos dos genes SMAD7 e SMURF1 na ocorrência de úlceras maleolares em pacientes com anemia falciforme

PRADO, Luana Priscilla Laranjeira 15 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-12T15:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Luana Prado_digital.pdf: 1685713 bytes, checksum: e1e056c8dd45056eda6306999941d592 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T15:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Luana Prado_digital.pdf: 1685713 bytes, checksum: e1e056c8dd45056eda6306999941d592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES / As úlceras maleolares (UMs) são manifestações cutâneas frequentes na anemia falciforme (AF). Cursam com alta taxa de recorrência, retardo na cicatrização e maior probabilidade de tornarem-se crônicas. Os mecanismos desencadeantes envolvem episódios hemolíticos e vaso-oclusivos, e mais recentemente, foram apontados polimorfismos em genes regulatórios da via do TGF-β como contribuintes deste processo. Polimorfismos nos genes que regulam esta via mostram-se alvos moleculares promissores na elucidação da fisiopatologia das UMs. Com isso, nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação de polimorfismos nos genes SMAD7 e SMURF1 na ocorrência de UMs em pacientes com AF. O estudo foi realizado em duas coortes independentes, composta por 331 pacientes de Pernambuco (131 com UM e 200 sem UM) e 197 pacientes do estado do Rio de Janeiro (108 com UM e 89 sem UM). As genotipagens dos polimorfismos SMAD7 C>T (rs736839) e SMURF1 C>G) (rs219825) foram realizadas por PCR em tempo real. Empregando o modelo de análise recessivo, foi encontrada associação entre os homozigotos variantes (TT; GG) e a maior ocorrência de UM nos pacientes das duas coortes avaliadas, para SMAD7 e SMURF1 em Pernambuco (P=0.001 e P=0.050) e Rio de Janeiro (P=0.029 e P=0.006). Ademais, avaliando a coorte de Pernambuco os pacientes com genótipo TT apresentaram uma maior taxa de desenvolvimento das UMs (70%) em relação aos com genótipos CC + CT (45%) (P<0,0001) para a SMAD7, e os pacientes com genótipo GG para SMURF1 apresentaram uma maior taxa de desenvolvimento das UMs (65%) em relação aos genótipos CC+CG (46%) (P=0.009). Sumariamente, nossos resultados mostram que os polimorfismos estudados estão envolvidos na ocorrência das UMs nas coortes de pacientes com anemia falciforme, mostrando-se como potenciais moduladores fenotípicos na doença falciforme. / Leg ulcers are one of the most common clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia (SCA). They present a high rate of reoccurrence, delayed wound healing and a higher probability of becoming chronical. The triggering mechanisms involve hemolytic and vaso-occlusive episodes, and polymorphisms in regulatory genes of the TGF-β pathway were identified recently as contributors of this process. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate this pathway are considered as promising molecular targets in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of leg ulcers. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphisms in SMAD7 and SMURF1 genes with the occurrence of leg ulcers in patients with SCA. The study was conducted in two independent cohorts consisting of 331 patients from Pernambuco (131 with leg ulcer and 200 without leg ulcer) and 197 patients from Rio de Janeiro (108 with leg ulcer and 89 without leg ulcer). The genotyping of SMAD7 C>T (rs736839) and SMURF1 C> G (rs219825) were performed by real time PCR. Using the recessive model of analysis, we found an association between homozygous variants (CC; GG) and the higher incidence of leg ulcers in patients from the two evaluated cohorts for SMAD7 and SMURF1 in Pernambuco (P = 0.001 and P = 0.050) and Rio de Janeiro (P = 0.029 and P = 0.006). Moreover, assessing the cohort of Pernambuco, patients with CC genotype had a higher rate of leg ulcers development (70%), compared to those with CC + CT genotypes (45%) (P <0.0001) for SMAD7, and patients with GG genotype for SMURF1 showed a higher rate of development of leg ulcers (65%) compared to CC + CG genotype (46%) (P = 0.009). In summary, our results demonstrated that the studied polymorphisms are involved in the occurrence of leg ulcers in cohorts of patients with sickle cell anemia, showing up as potential phenotypic modulators of sickle cell disease.
227

Comparação do tratamento com bota de unna e o curativo convencional em pacientes com anemia falciforme e úlceras em membros inferiores ensaio clínico controlado randomizado / Comparison of treatment with unna s boot and the conventional dressing in patients with sickle cell anemia and ulcers in the lower limbs - randomized controlled clinical trial

Barroso, Nathalia Vasconcelos 20 May 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The ulcers of the lower limbs are cited as the main cutaneous manifestation of sickle cell anemia, presenting a chronic course, with pain and many complications. Treatment of sickle ulcers is complex, involving care wound bed, management of anemia, pain management and treatment of opportunistic infections, among the various proposed treatments highlight the use of covers with inelastic bandage impregnated with zinc, the boot Unna. However there are still no controlled trials to prove the efficacy of treatment. Objective: Compare treatment with conventional dressing to the use of Unna boot in patients with sickle cell anemia and ulcers in the limbs. Methodology: This is a randomized clinical trial, which analyzed patients with sickle cell ulcers that took the Unna boot , comparing them with patients with sickle cell ulcers who used the conventional dressing . Treatments were performed in a period of six weeks. Statistically analyzed the areas of lesions in three periods: at baseline (D0) in the third week (D3) and the sixth week (D6). Results: Participated in this study 19 patients with a mean age of 35.9 years (95% CI 29.1 to 42.8), 53% (10/19) were male. In these individuals was analyzed the healing of ulcers in 40 lower limbs of people with sickle cell anemia 57% (23/40) in the experimental group and 43% (17/40) in the control group. There was a mean variation in lesion area when used Unna boot of 20.2 cm2 at T0 time, 17.9 cm2 in time T3 and 6.2 cm2 in time T6 (P < 0.001), mean percentage of total reduction of 77 1%, obtained by Tarajad index, when used as a simple dressing ranged from 31.3 cm2 35.8 cm2 33.9 cm2 at times T0, T3 and T6, respectively (P <0.001) and an average percentage of 22.8 %. Conclusion: The results suggest that the use compression therapy with Unna boot is an effective treatment of lower limb ulcers in patients with sickle cell anemia, aimed at reducing ulcer area, improvement of the injury aspect and pain alleviation. / As úlceras em membros inferiores são citadas como a principal manifestação cutânea da anemia falciforme, apresentando um curso crônico, com dor e muitas complicações. O tratamento das úlceras falcêmicas é complexo, envolvendo cuidados com o leito da lesão, manejo da anemia, controle da dor e tratamento de infecções oportunistas, dentre os diversos tratamentos propostos destaca-se o uso de coberturas com bandagem inelástica impregnada com zinco, a bota de Unna. No entanto ainda não existem ensaios clínicos que comprovem a eficácia do tratamento. Objetivo: Comparar o tratamento com curativo convencional à utilização de bota de Unna em pacientes com anemia falciforme e úlceras em membros inferiores. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, onde foram analisados pacientes com úlcera falcêmica que fizeram uso da bota de Unna, comparando-os com pacientes com úlceras falcêmicas que fizeram uso do curativo convencional. Os tratamentos foram realizados em um período de seis semanas. Foram analisadas estatisticamente as áreas das lesões em três períodos: no momento inicial (D0), na terceira semana (D3) e na sexta semana (D6). Resultados: Participaram dessa pesquisa 19 pacientes com idade média de 35,9 anos (IC95% = 29,1 a 42,8), sendo 53% (10/19) do sexo masculino. Nesses indivíduos foi analisada a cicatrização de 40 úlceras em membros inferiores de pessoas com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme sendo 57% (23/40) no grupo experimental e 43% (17/40) no grupo controle. Houve uma variação média da área lesional quando utilizado bota de Unna de 20,2 cm2 no tempo T0, 17,9 cm2 no tempo T3 e 6,2 cm2 no tempo T6 (P<0,001), com média percentual de redução total de 77,1%, obtido através do índice de Tarajad, enquanto quando se usou o curativo simples teve uma variação de 31,3 cm2, 35,8 cm2, 33,9 cm2, nos tempos T0, T3 e T6 respectivamente (P<0,001), e um percentual médio de 22,8%. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que a utilização da terapia compressiva com bota de Unna constitui um tratamento efetivo das úlceras de membros inferiores em pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme, atuando na redução da área da úlcera e na melhora do aspecto lesional.
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Avaliação dos efeitos da inibição da via Rho/Rho-quinase na adesão dos eosinófilos de pacientes com anemia falciforme e no modelo de inflamação pulmonar em camundongos com anemia falciforme / Evaluation of the efects of inhibition Rho/Rho-kinase pathway on eosinophils from sickle cell Anemia patients and lung inflammation in sickle cell anemia mice model

Pallis, Flávia Rubia, 1986- 02 December 2015 (has links)
Orientadores: Carla Fernanda Franco Penteado, Fernando Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:17:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pallis_FlaviaRubia_D.pdf: 2236341 bytes, checksum: 3d0b519ba21fcfbc645749dccc82a06a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A vaso-oclusão compreende um processo complexo e multicelular iniciado pela adesão de hemácias e leucócitos ao endotélio ativado, causando a obstrução vascular, ativação de células endoteliais vasculares e lesões que podem induzir uma resposta inflamatória contínua na anemia falciforme (AF). Estudos preliminares mostraram que os eosinófilos de pacientes com AF encontram-se ativados no sangue periférico, porém o envolvimento dessa célula no processo de vaso-oclusão ainda não está bem caracterizado. Pouco se sabe sobre o papel das proteínas da via das Rho GTPases na adesão dos eosinófilos ao endotélio vascular, bem como nas complicações pulmonares da doença. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o papel dos eosinófilos e das proteínas pertencentes à família das Rho GTPases na fisiopatologia da AF, e avaliar in vivo o papel dessa via na resposta inflamatória pulmonar induzida pela OVA em camundongos com AF. Sangue periférico de indivíduos saudáveis (controles) e pacientes com AF, em terapia com hidroxiureia (SSHU) ou não (SS), foi coletado para avaliar a adesão estática e em fluxo. A adesão dos eosinófilos de pacientes com AF à HUVEC estimulada com TNF-'alfa' foi significativamente maior quando comparado a adesão dos eosinófilos á HUVEC de indivíduos controle, em condições de fluxo e estática. No entanto, a adesão dessas células à HUVEC estimulada com TNF-? foi menor nos pacientes SSHU, quando comparada com o com aos SS. O pré-tratamento das HUVEC com o inibidor de Rac1, reduziu a adesão dos eosinófilos de pacientes SS ou SSHU. Em condições de fluxo, o número de eosinófilos aderidos à HUVEC reduziu significativamente quando estas foram tratadas com Y-27632 ou NSC23766 nos três grupos avaliados, porém essa inibição foi maior no grupo SS. In vivo a OVA induziu inflamação pulmonar caracterizada pelo aumento na contagem de leucócitos, principalmente eosinófilos, no lavado broncoalveolar dos camundongos. Essa inflamação foi potencializada nos camundongos com AF (Berkeley e Transplantados) quando comparados aos controles (C57BL6). Os camundongos Transplantados apresentaram níveis elevados de mediadores pró-inflamatórios, tais como, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, RANTES, Eotaxina, MCP-1, MMP-9 e TIMP-1 quando comparados aos camundongos do grupo não sensibilizado (NS). Nenhuma diferença foi observada nos níves de RNAm pulmonar das metaloproteinases e seus inibidores quando comparados os camundongos Transplantados do grupo OVA com os NS, porém a expressão de IL-6 é significativamente maior no pulmão dos animais falciformes desafiados com OVA. Na avaliação funcional dos brônquios, os dados mostraram que a potência para metacolina foi maior nos camundongos Berkeley, quando comparados aos Transplantados e ainda maior quando comparados com os C57BL6. Os animais que foram tratados com os inibidores da via RhoA/ROCK, Y-27632 ou Fasudil, apresentaram menor contagem total e diferencial das células que migraram para os pulmões e níveis reduzidos dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios avaliados. O pré-tratamento com o Fasudil reduziu a potência e a resposta máxima para metacolina dos brônquios da linhagem Berkeley. Não foi observada diferença na avaliação funcional da reatividade da traqueia no modelo de asma experimental nos grupos avaliados. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados indicam que a via RhoA/ROCK tem papel importante na adesão dos eosinófilos ao endotélio e que a inibição dessa via pode atenuar a asma associada a doença falciforme. Deste modo, sugerimos que os inibidores dessa via podem ser novos agentes terapêuticos para o tratamento das manifestações clínicas da AF / Abstract: Vaso-occlusion, comprising a complex and multicellular process, initiated by the adhesion of erythrocytes and leukocytes to the activated endothelium, leading to vascular obstruction, activation of vascular endothelial cells and continuous lesions in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Preliminary results demonstrated that eosinophils from SCA patients exist in an activated state, however the participation of this cell in the vasooclusive process in not well establish. The role of proteins via the Rho GTPases in the adhesion of eosinophils to the vascular endothelium and in the pulmonary complications of SCA disease it is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the role of the eosinophils and proteins belonging to the Rho GTPases family in SCA pathophysiology, and evaluate in vivo the role of this pathway in pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by OVA in SCA mice. Peripheral blood of healthy individuals (controls) and SCA patients in therapy or not with hydroxyurea (SCAHU) was collected for static and flow adhesion experiments. For static adhesion assays, eosinophils were isolated from control subjects or SCA patients on or off HU therapy. Adhesion of SCA eosinophils to HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) under TNF-'alfa'-stimulated conditions was higher when compared with control eosinophils, in flow conditions and static assay. Furthermore, SCAHU eosinophils demonstrated significantly lower adhesive properties, compared to SCA eosinophils. The adhesion of eosinophils from SCA or SCAHU patients were reduced when HUVEC were pretreated with NSC23766 inhibitor, compared to non-treated HUVEC. Under flow conditions, the number of eosinophils adhered to HUVEC cells was reduced when they were treated with Y-27632 or NSC23766 in the three groups investigated, however this inhibition was higher in the SCA patients. In vivo OVA induced lung inflammation, characterized by increased leukocyte particularly eosinophils, counts in the mice bronchoalveolar fuid (BALF). This inflammation was enhanced in SCA mice (Berkeley and Transplanted) when compared to controls (C57BL6). Transplanted mice showed high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, RANTES, Eotaxin, MCP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as compared to the control mice group (NS). Furthermore, the SCA mice induced with OVA showed higher lung gene expression of IL-6; however, there was no difference in the expression of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, compared to NS. In the functional assessment of the bronchi reactivy, data showed that the potency to methacholine in asthmatic model was was greater in the SCA mice (Berkeley), compared to the Transplanted SCA mice, and even greater when compared to C57BL6. The animals treated with the inhibitors of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, Y-27632 or Fasudil, showed lower total and differential cells counts due to migration to the lungs. Pretreatment with the RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibitor significantly reduced the proinflammatory mediator levels evaluated. Treatment with Fasudil reduced maximal response for methacholine in bronchi from Berkeley model. No significant difference was observed in the tracheal reactivity after OVA challenge in all groups investigated. Taken together, our data indicated that RhoA/ROCK pathway play an important role in the eosinophil adhesion to the endothelium and, the inhibition of this pathway could alleviates asthma in SCA patients. Thus, we suggest that RhoA/ROCK inhibitors represents novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of SCA clinical manifestations / Doutorado
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Estudo comparativo da expressão de genes associados ao processo de inflamação em grávidas portadoras de doença falciforme / Comparative study of the genes expression associated to the inflammation process in pregnant women with sickle cell disease

Baptista, Letícia de Carvalho, 1990- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Mônica Barbosa de Melo, Maria Laura Costa do Nascimento / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baptista_LeticiadeCarvalho_M.pdf: 2876494 bytes, checksum: 12f04350633f850a09c5a6d41173d849 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As doenças falciformes (DF) constituem um grupo de patologias genéticas que têm como característica comum a presença da hemoglobina S, uma proteína mutante que sofre polimerização sob baixas tensões de oxigênio, gerando vaso-oclusão. A obstrução e a lesão do endotélio vascular e dos tecidos causam uma resposta inflamatória que, por sua vez, resulta em um estado inflamatório crônico nos pacientes. A gravidez de mulheres portadoras de DF é acompanhada por uma incidência aumentada de episódios de dor, infecções, pielonefrite, complicações pulmonares, eventos tromboembólicos, pré-eclâmpsia e hemorragia anteparto. No entanto, os mecanismos responsáveis pelo desencadeamento destas complicações e a fisiopatologia envolvida ainda são pouco explorados. A circulação placentária materna é suscetível à vaso-oclusão, o que pode contribuir para as áreas de fibrose, necrose das vilosidades e infarto na placenta. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi avaliar a expressão gênica da resposta inflamatória de 84 genes em placentas de mulheres portadoras de DF através do PCR Array. Portanto, propomos um estudo prospectivo, do tipo caso-controle, com avaliação de três grupos: grupo 1 gestantes com anemia falciforme (N=5), grupo 2 gestantes com doença da hemoglobina SC (N=6) e grupo 3 gestantes sem DF (N=10). Os resultados apresentaram alterações significativas no perfil de expressão dos genes FASLG (no grupo 1) e BCL6 (no grupo 2). A diminuição e o aumento da expressão destes genes, respectivamente, indicam que pode estar ocorrendo falha na invasão dos trofoblastos, prejudicando o fornecimento de oxigênio e nutrientes para o feto. A invasão deficiente dos trofoblastos pode estar associada a algumas complicações maternal e fetal que ocorrem com mais frequência nas gestações de mulheres com DF quando comparadas com o grupo controle, como pré-eclâmpsia e restrição de crescimento intra-uterino. Este é o primeiro estudo que avaliou a expressão gênica da resposta inflamatória em placentas de mulheres portadoras de DF. Nossos resultados fornecem novas perspectivas para que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas nesta área, a fim de se compreender como a DF afeta a fisiologia da placenta e oferece maiores riscos nestas gestantes / Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of genetic diseases that have in common the presence of hemoglobin S, a mutant protein that undergoes polymerization under low oxygen tensions, generating vaso-occlusion. The obstruction and the lesion of the vascular endothelium and tissue cause an inflammatory response that in turn results in a chronic inflammatory state in patients. Pregnancy in SCD is accompanied by an increased incidence of pain episodes, infection, pyelonephritis, pulmonar and thromboembolic events, preeclampsia and antepartum haemorrhage. However, the mechanisms responsible for the onset of these complications and the pathophysiology involved are still poorly explored. The maternal placental circulation is susceptible to vaso-occlusion, which may contribute to generate areas of fibrosis, villi necrosis and infarction of the placenta. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the gene expression of the inflammatory response of 84 genes in placentas from women with SCD by PCR Array. Therefore, we have proposed a case-control prospective study, with the evaluation of three groups: Group 1, pregnant women with SCD (N = 5); group 2, pregnant women with hemoglobin SC disease (N = 6) and group 3, pregnant women without SCD (N = 10). The results showed significant changes in the expression profile of BCL6 and FASLG genes. The decrease and increase in the expression of these genes, respectively, indicate that a failure in the invasion of trophoblasts may be occurring, damaging the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. The poor invasion of trophoblasts may be associated with some maternal and fetal complications that occur more often in pregnancies of women with SCD when compared with the control group, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This is the first study to assess the gene expression of the inflammatory response in placentas of women with SCD. Our results provide new perspectives for further research to be performed in this area in order to understand how SCD affects the physiology of the placenta and causes greater risks in pregnant women / Mestrado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Étude du vécu de dix sujets adultes atteints de drépanocytose : regards phénoménologique et transculturel dans une perspective hypnothérapeutique / Study of the experienceof ten adults with sickle cell disease : phenomenological and transcultural views from a hypnotherapeutic perspective

Richard, Marion 27 March 2018 (has links)
La drépanocytose, pathologie génétique de l'hémoglobine la plus fréquente en France, se caractérise par des crises douloureuses paroxystiques, dont la survenue apparaît souvent depuis la plus jeune enfance. La majorité des individus rencontrés en métropole française sont issus de la migration, provenant de départements d'Outre-Mer et de pays d'Afrique Sub-Saharienne.Par une méthodologie qualitative, nous observons les répercussions des crises douloureuses pathognomoniques de la drépanocytose, que nous considérons comme traumatogènes, sur la dynamique identitaire de sujets adultes. D'une part, nous suggérons que ces crises se figurent tel un évènement déstructurant, menaçant l'équilibre identitaire du sujet, de par l'imprévisibilité de leur survenue et leur risque létal. D'autre part, au vu de cette potentialité traumatique, nous les envisageons comme structurant la dynamique psychique du sujet, au travers des modalités singulières que ce dernier entretient avec son corps. La confrontation au Réel de la Mort, le vécu d’effroi, la menace d’annihilation psychique causée par la douleur, ainsi que leur répétitivité et le sentiment d’incertitude quant à leur soulagement, inscrivant parfois le sujet dans un temps dissociatif long, dévoilent un risque de développer un syndrome psychotraumatique. Pour autant, de par leur récurrence, elles engendrent une relation au corps où le sujet anticipe le surgissement de la douleur, laquelle apparaît tel un repère sensoriel, même latent, auquel il se fie pour se mouvoir dans son environnement.Dans cette visée exploratoire, nous appréhendons le sentiment et la construction identitaire des sujets, notamment au regard des étiologies plurielles affiliées à la drépanocytose, relatives aux savoirs profanes de la culture d’origine et aux savoirs médicaux disponibles. Ces diverses explications causales génèrent des représentations et des désignations socio-culturelles du sujet drépanocytaire, particulièrement dans le pays d’origine. Le processus identitaire semble malmené par les contraintes liées à la maladie, contribuant au sentiment d’être différent des autres, lequel est également alimenté par ces spécificités socio-culturelles. Au-delà des bouleversements identitaires liés à la migration, l’analyse met en exergue les réactions et les ressources employées face à la maladie, et illustre les mouvements de distanciation des sujets face à une identité parfois vécue comme « subie ».En outre, nous avons recueilli des données quantitatives concernant l’observance thérapeutique, les niveaux d’anxiété, de fatigue, de catastrophisme, ainsi que les croyances et les perceptions associées à la douleur. En moyenne, les sujets déclaraient être observants quant à leur traitement. Les niveaux moyens d’anxiété et de catastrophisme se sont avérés modérés. La fatigabilité s’orienterait sur une dimension sensorielle et affective plutôt que comportementale et cognitive. Concernant leur douleur, les sujets avaient tendance à l’appréhender comme mystérieuse et pérenne, ne se percevaient que peu coupables quant à sa présence et semblaient hésitants sur son caractère intermittent ou continu.Le premier axe d’étude de l’hypnose et de la pratique de l’autohypnose s’attachait à les estimer en tant que facteurs d’atténuation des symptômes mesurés par le biais des échelles d’évaluation. Le deuxième intéressait la nécessaire dimension intersubjective de l’hypnose. Aucune différence significative n’a été retrouvée entre les deux temps de mesures qui suggérerait une efficacité symptomatique de l’hypnose. Au travers du discours des sujets, l’influence de l’hypnose résiderait dans la (ré)appropriation du vécu du corps et de l’histoire subjective grâce à l’investissement relationnel sécurisant au praticien. Enfin, la pratique de l’autohypnose se révélerait efficace en tant que réactualisation de cette relation, mobilisant le sujet dans un engagement à lui-même. / Sickle-cell disease, the most common genetic pathology of haemoglobin in France, is characterized by painful paroxysmal pain attacks, often occurring since early childhood. The majority of the individuals met in the French metropolis are migrants, coming from overseas departments and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.Using a qualitative methodology, we observe the repercussions of painful pathnomonic crisis in sickle-cell disease, which we consider traumatogenic, on the identity dynamic of adult subjects. On one hand, we suggest that these crises appear as a destructuring event, threatening the subject's identity balance, due to the unpredictability of their occurrence and their lethal risk. On the other hand, in view of this traumatic potentiality, we consider them as structuring the psychic dynamics of the subject, through the peculiar modalities that he maintains with his body. The confrontation with the Reality of Death, the experience of dread, the threat of psychological annihilation caused by pain, as well as their repetitiveness and the feeling of uncertainty as to their relief, sometimes placing the subject in a long dissociative time, reveal a risk of developing psychotraumatic syndrome. However, because of their recurrence, they generate a body relationship where the subject anticipates the onset of pain, which appears as a sensory reference point, even latent, which he relies on to live in his environment.In this exploratory aim, we apprehend the feeling and identity construction of subjects, particularly in regard of the plural etiologies affiliated with sickle-cell disease, related to the secular knowledge of the culture of origin and the medical knowledge available. These various causal explanations generate socio-cultural representations and designations of the sickle cell disease subject, particularly in the country of origin. The identity process seems to be mishandled by disease related constraints, contributing to the feeling of being different from others, which is also fuelled by these socio-cultural specificities. Beyond the identity changes linked to migration, the analysis highlights the reactions and resources used in dealing with illness, and illustrates the movement of subjective distanciation subjects from an identity that is sometimes experienced as "undergone".In addition, we collected quantitative data on adherence, anxiety, fatigue, catastrophizing, and beliefs and perceptions associated with pain. On average, subjects reported being observant about their treatment. Average levels of anxiety and catastrophizing were moderate. Tiredness would tend to a sensory and emotional dimension rather than a behavioural and cognitive one. Regarding their pain, subjects tended to perceive it as mysterious and lasting, don’t feel guilty about its presence and seemed hesitant about its intermittent or continuous nature.The first axis of study of hypnosis and the practice of self-hypnosis focused on estimating them as mitigating factors for symptoms measured through assessment scales. The second concerned the necessary inter-subjective dimension of hypnosis. No significant differences were found between the two measurement times that would suggest symptomatic efficacy of hypnosis. Through the subjects' words, the influence of hypnosis could be seen in the (re)appropriation of the body's experience and subjective history thanks to the practitioner's secure relational investment. Finally, the practice of self-hypnosis would prove to be effective as an update of this relationship, mobilizing the subject in a commitment to himself.

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