Trauma is a leading cause of death, and in potentially preventable trauma deaths insufficient bleeding control has often been noted. For bleeding-related injuries, providing aid quickly is crucial since people may die from haemorrhage within minutes. One group that has been identified as able to provide quick aid is bystanders and other people present at the scene of injury. In such settings, using bleeding control (b-con) equipment such as tourniquets is effective to help control bleeding. Thus, b-con kits including such equipment has been recommended to be placed in public areas. However, for publicly placed b-con kits to be effective people must be able to find the kits quickly. This leads to the aim of this thesis, which is to explore how b-con kits can be made easier to find for the public by using signage and b-con kit placement. Two studies were conducted to explore this topic. In the first study, signage for marking b-con kits was developed since no standardised or well-recognised signage for b-con kits existed. Three b-con kit signage designs were developed in accordance with existing standards and regulations for safety signage. Then, the three signage designs were evaluated by a survey. One design, depicting an injured arm, was found to be most effective for marking b-con kits. In the second study, the effect of signage use and b-con kit placement on time to find a b-con kit was examined by an experiment carried out in a virtual environment (VE) using virtual reality (VR). The study found that providing directional signage made people find the b-con kit faster. The study also found that placing the b-con kit at a reception (a central location) made people find the b-con kit quicker compared to when the b-con kit was placed between emergency exits (a more peripheral location). The study also examined if people would find the b-con kit faster when b-con signage was used for directional signage compared to when general first aid signage was used, but no significant difference was found. In addition, the VE was validated. The results of the validation showed that the findings in the study would likely transfer to real world settings. In conclusion, using signage and placing b-con kits strategically were found to be effective ways to aid the public in finding publicly placed b-con kits, which may help people provide possibly life-saving aid to haemorrhage victims.

No description available.

Graphic design is an integrated part of the public spaces we move through in our daily lives. This thesis explores the emotional aspects of graphic design, with a focus on environmental graphics for the public space. The goal is to find ways in which the emotional aspects of a design solution can be varied without compromising the practical aspects, i.e. affect the conveyance of information. Thisgoal is pursued through an analysis of historical and contemporary literature as well as by design practise. It is concluded that some of the aspects of graphic design for the public space are there for practical reasons, while others are there because of convention and can be subject to re-evaluation or change. An example of such a variation is shown through a design process.The design project is set in a public environment and includes informational graphics with a goal of information conveyance. At the same time it shows that graphic design for a public context can convey other emotional values than the conventional, by creating a non-static material that encourages user participation.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Digital Signage systems such as public info kiosks can be designed to better fulfill its main use; to enlighten, encourage and influence the public with information. The challenges presented from earlier studies shows that the public interests and goals, together with proper and relevant content displayed in info kiosks have impact on the attention the public have towards public displays. Qualitative methods such as interviews, usability testing and observations were conducted to further examine how a public info kiosk can be designed to draw attention and grow interest amongst students at K3, Malmo University. Usability testing were used on the digital prototypes that were developed to ensure that the gestural user interface meet the requirements of a proper interaction from the users. Important insights were made concerning; the attention and interest to relevant content, the aspects of the gestural user interface along with the placement of the info kiosk in terms of context. These key factors need to be properly investigated and developed to ensure a better deployment of a public info kiosk. It is suggested that using the principles of interaction design by doing research and studies of public interest and needs, and optimizing it by taking the specific context of place and time in account when a designing content. The results from this thesis suggests that an installation of a public info kiosk will successfully earn the attention and interest from the public if the content is relevant and interesting to the specific public. It is also important that the systems perform well in terms of software and hardware to allow a fluid and intuitive interaction with the gestural user interface.

Yes / Building on the linguistic landscape theory and literature on customers’ experience with restaurants’ authenticity and status, this study investigates whether restaurants’ outdoor signs influence customers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions. Using an experimental design comprising two studies, supported by data collected from Chinese consumers, we test how display characters and text flow may jointly impact on customers’ perceptions of the status and authenticity of ethnic (Japanese and Taiwanese) restaurants, thus influencing their visiting intentions and willingness to pay. We find that display characters influence Chinese customers’ perceptions of authenticity and status in both Japanese and Taiwanese restaurants in Mainland China. There is an interaction effect between display characters and text flow on customers’ perception of authenticity and status in Japanese restaurants in Mainland China. This study applies the linguistic landscape theory to a restaurant context and examines how such features may influence customers’ perceptions and decisions. The findings have important practical implications on managing customer experiences and perceptions via effective restaurant sign designs.

The purpose of this thesis is to raise awareness about the contribution historic signs make to the experience of a place. Illuminated signage has played a key role in the development of the American landscape. The relationship between illuminated signage and sense of place is complex. Because of the ephemeral nature of signs and the public perception of them as advertising tools, the preservation community frequently overlooks signs. By examining three case studies, this thesis presents three different approaches to the preservation of illuminated signage. The first case study is the 2002 New Mexico Route 66 Neon Sign Restoration Project. This case uses Route 66 to examine the preservation of original material in original location. The second case study is the 2002 Amendment to the New York City Zoning Regulations, which mandates signage saturation in Times Square. This case examines the preservation of the experience of Times Square by protecting the historical use of innovative signage. The third case study is the 1996 installation of restored illuminated signs by the Neon Museum in Las Vegas at the Fremont Street Experience. This case examines the collections approach to preserving original Las Vegas illuminated signs in an outdoor museum setting as public works of art. While these three case studies evaluate iconic locations, the lessons are broadly applicable. The preservation approaches outlined here illustrate that every situation is unique and requires a full analysis of the context of the sign. Preservationists should evaluate signage within their local communities by examining the artistry and materiality of the signs. However, it is equally important to evaluate the overall community context of the signs. In order to preserve the experience of historic illuminated signage, it is imperative that preservationists and the general public understand that there are numerous approaches to safeguarding these works and that the time to take action is now. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Normando.pdf: 39604302 bytes, checksum: d91708d97811f197815cb915de2d4cb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / An investigation into the problems and the ideal conditions for the spatial orientation of people and vehicles in large indoor and outdoor environments. From the varied instrumental in Wayfinding Design, makes it a purposeful study for the Campus of the University of Fortaleza - Unifor. The proposal is to adopt a set of tools such as signage, zoning, color coding, benchmarks, architectural details, and other resources to promote good navigability user audience of built environments, especially in Unifor. / Uma investigação sobre os problemas e as condições ideais para a orientação espacial de pessoas e veículos em grandes ambientes internos e externos. A partir do instrumental variado do Wayfinding Design, faz-se um estudo propositivo para o Campus da Universidade de Fortaleza - Unifor. A proposta é adotar um conjunto de instrumentos como sinalização, zoneamento, codificação cromática, marcos referenciais, detalhes arquitetônicos, entre outros recursos para promover a boa navegabilidade do público usuário de ambientes construídos, especialmente o da Unifor.

數位看板(Digital Signage)被稱為第五大媒體，與平面報導、電台、電視和網際網路並列之，本產業發展需要跨領域整合數位科技與廣告媒體，全球各調查報告也都一致看好數位看板產業的未來性。然而，回顧數位電子看板研究，大多針對技術創新進行討論，鮮少針對數位電子看板相關營運事業模式創新進行探討。本研究係以台灣兩家具代表性的數位看板媒體營運商為個案研究對象。研究成果，一方便可以提供兩家個案業者做為未來發展改進的參考，另一方面，可做為其他業者的創新模範。 本研究以A、B兩公司為研究對象，深入訪談且直接觀察分析與評估數位電子看板媒體營運商的事業模式創新。從創新機會與因素的環境變項、個人變項與組織變項，嘗試針對Hamel(2000)提出之事業模式架構進行分析，瞭解創新機會與因素對事業模式在核心策略、策略性資源、客戶介面與價值網絡之影響。歸納整理兩者其因果關係並找出兩家業者經營模式創新的異同之處。本個案之研究問題 : 一、瞭解數位電子看板媒體營運商創新機會與因素為何。 二、瞭解創新機會與因素對事業模式創新的影響，兩者關係為何。 個案研究顯示，因產業與市場結構的改變，數位電子看板技術的進步，提供個案中經營者創新的機會，創業成立具備多媒體與互動效果的數位電子媒體，取代傳統戶外平面看板。數位電子看板媒體可以電子系統化管理，因此能在更多的特定場域、播放給特定的人看，成為精準媒體。另外，組織領導者若擁有創新者精神及媒體營運專長，亦將有助於差異化基礎的建立，創新產品與市場擴展。

As children’s independent mobility in urban environments continues to decrease, children become further removed from all realms of city life. There is a need for children to practice and demonstrate their autonomy in public, and a properly planned and designed environment can support such skill building in urban settings. This practicum envisions wayfinding as a pivotal intervention in the urban environment to enable children’s independent mobility and environmental familiarity. The research focuses on the planning of a wayfinding strategy for Canadian school-age children (ages 8-10) as a way to encourage independent mobility in an urban context. This research is based on a review of children’s wayfinding psychology and planning strategies, inspiring design precedents, a detailed site audit and hands-on mental mapping exercises with children. The result is a set of research, consultation, planning, policy, and design recommendations to develop a child-friendly wayfinding strategy in the Exchange District neighbourhood of Downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba. / October 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4625552 bytes, checksum: 1d78a0ca99fd5b13dc90107ef8ea9c3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to evaluate the altimetric accuracy of Digital Surface Models - DSM and generation of a DSM composed using scene taken by PRISM Sensor - Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (viewing directions Backward, Forward and Nadir) which is located aboard the ALOS satellite (Advanced Land Observing Satellite). The Toutin Model is used to perform on the realization of geometric correction of images, were that took into account the influence of the number of control points and tie points for generation of DSMs. There were generated 54 models divided into four tests which look forward to determinate the minimum number of tie points to be used for the generation of DSM (test 01), the adequacy of the methodology proposed by IBGE (2009) for the region studied, whose relief has different characteristics employed by this agency (test 02), the influence of increasing the number of control points on the altimetric quality DSMs (test 03) and the effect of the combination of the three viewing directions behavior and the use of different strategies of correlation between images and spatial resolution of the models in the final products accuracy (test 04). The DSM derived from each test were evaluated by use of the Decree-Law 89.817/1984 and those which recieved better ratings were submitted to a local analysis, where it was investigated the behavior of the altitude values using the PEC for an area located in Viçosa and a empirical analysis was employed, in order to verify the behavior of pixels located regions that had shades of vegetation and cloud shadows using for that the correlation coefficient of epipolar pairs generated for each DSM besides conducting analysis of the effects of slope on the quality altimetric using as base the correlation coefficient. The DSMs that showed better results after the use of all these tests were used for the orthorectification of the Nadir scene and orthoimages, were evaluated globally using the PEC and the local way, in order to verify the influence of radiometric resolution on the vectorization of orthoimage. The DSM used for orthorectification also underwent a final examination, which took place a refinement in their altitude values by employing the Koppe s Formula modified by Kraus (2004) that takes into account the influence of slope and the scale factor when taken on the scenes of aerial images which led to a Composed DSM consisted of all pixels that presented a lower standard deviation. The results revealed that the PRISM sensor allows to obtain DSMs of consistent standards for the National Mapping Scale 1:25.000, with the need to use a minimum number of seven control points associated with twelve tie points and use of viewing directions Backward x Nadir for the generation of models. The increase in the number of control points to perform the correction using the geometric Toutin model did not bring significant improvements to the quality of altimetric DSMs evaluated, although they showed the best results were those that used 60 control points in their generation. The methodology proposed by IBGE (2009) proved to be applicable to regions with similar characteristics to those studied in this work, although there is a need for testing in areas with similar characteristics studied. Using the Koppe s Formula modified was satisfactory, allowing to associate in a single DSM the lowest indicative altimetric errors found for the altimetric component, and the results were superior to the other models evaluated. The orthoimages obtained are classified in Class A of the Decree-Law for the scale of 1:25.000, however due to the low radiometric resolution of the scenes PRISM (8 bits) the extraction process of physical elements, especially in urban areas, become difficult to interpret. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação da acurácia altimétrica de Modelos Digitais de Superfície (MDSs) e geração de MDSs compostos, utilizando a cena tomada pelo Sensor PRISM - Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping no modo triplet (visadas Backward, Nadir e Forward) que se encontra a bordo do Satélite ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite). Para realização da Correção Geométrica das imagens foi empregado o Modelo de Toutin. Foram gerados 54 MDSs divididos em quatro testes, que procuraram verificar o número mínimo de pontos de ligação a serem utilizados para geração de cada MDS, a adequação da Metodologia proposta por IBGE (2009) a uma região, cujo relevo possui características diferentes da estudada por este órgão, a influência do aumento do número de pontos de controle na qualidade altimétrica dos MDSs e a combinação das três visadas associadas ao uso de diferentes estratégias de correlação entre imagens e resolução espacial dos modelos. Os MDSs resultantes de cada teste foram avaliados através do emprego do Decreto-Lei 89.817/1984 que institui o Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica PEC e aqueles que obtiveram melhor classificação foram submetidos a uma análise local, onde se verificou o comportamento dos valores de altitude empregando o PEC para uma área situada no município de Viçosa, bem como realizada uma análise empírica, com a finalidade de verificar o comportamento dos pixels situados em regiões que apresentavam sombras da vegetação e sombras de nuvens, utilizando para isso, o coeficiente de correlação dos pares epipolares gerados para cada MDS, além da realização de análise dos efeitos da inclinação do terreno sobre a qualidade altimétrica tomando como base o coeficiente de correlação. Os MDSs que apresentaram melhores resultados após emprego dos quatro testes foram utilizados para a ortorretificação da cena Nadir e as Ortoimagens resultantes foram avaliadas de maneira global empregando o PEC e de maneira local, onde verifIcou-se a influência da resolução radiométrica na vetorização da Ortoimagem. A última análise consistiu na realização de um refinamento nos valores de altitude dos MDSs que apresentaram melhor classificação, através do emprego da Fórmula de Koppe modificada por Kraus (2004), que leva em consideração a influência da declividade e do fator de Escala sobre as cenas quando tomadas de imagens aéreas. Esta Fórmula foi adaptada para uso em uma imagem orbital e utilizada no intuito de se obter um indicativo da localização do erro altimétrico sobre cada MDS, onde se gerou um novo modelo, denominado MDS Composto. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar que o sensor PRISM permite a obtenção de MDSs compatíveis as normas da Cartografia Nacional para a Escala de 1:25.000, havendo a necessidade de utilização de um número mínimo de sete pontos de controle associados a doze pontos de ligação e o uso das visadas Backward x Nadir (que apresentaram os melhores resultados) para a geração dos Modelos. O aumento do número de pontos controle para realização da correção geométrica empregando o Modelo de Toutin não trouxe melhorias significativas aos MDSs avaliados, embora os que apresentaram melhores resultados foram aqueles que utilizaram 60 pontos de controle em sua geração. A Metodologia proposta por IBGE (2009) se mostrou aplicável a regiões com características semelhantes à estudada neste trabalho, embora exista a necessidade de realização de testes em áreas com características semelhantes à estudada. O uso da Fórmula de Koppe modificada se mostrou satisfatório, permitindo associar em um único MDS os valores de altitude que apresentam o menor indicativo de erro encontrado para a componente altimétrica, sendo que os resultados obtidos através do emprego desta Equação foram superiores aos demais Modelos avaliados. As ortoimagens obtidas se enquadraram na Classe A do PEC para a escala de 1:25.000, contudo devido à baixa resolução radiométrica das cenas PRISM (8 bits) o processo de extração de elementos físicos, principalmente em áreas urbanas tornaram-se de difícil interpretação.