This project examines the implications of mythologizing women writers, specifically Woolf and Austen, and transforming them into their own famous characters. Using various writings that theorize women's voices, sense of agency, and political autonomy in relationship with the public/private dichotomy, this project argues that women writers are often appropriated and fictionalized in this way because of a patriarchal cultural understanding that women are associated with the private, personal, and domestic spheres. More importantly, it argues that this increasingly frequent treatment aligns with and forwards a neoliberal political and cultural agenda. The politics of the last twenty or thirty years, in short, are shaping interpretations and adaptations of major works of the English canon, specifically Mrs. Dalloway and Pride and Prejudice. Particular examples of such adaptations include The Hours, Vanessa and Her Sister, Becoming Jane, and Longbourn. This project ultimately analyzes these and a select number of other texts in order to show that these contemporary treatments of two of the most famous female writers from the English canon reveal quite a bit about current attitudes within the United States about gender (in)equality, care work/dependency, and sexuality. / Master of Arts

No description available.

In this era of globalisation and rapid urbanisation, can city-to-city partnerships provide a unique approach towards contributing to the development needs of South African cities? There is a growing literature dedicated to North-South and South-South municipal international cooperation, exploring impacts on local governance and development, for either or both of the cities. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on this topic in South Africa. This project hopes to address this critical occlusion by examining Johannesburg’s experience of city-to-city cooperation partnerships. These partnerships will be examined with reference to how they are organised and their implementation. Has cooperation provided social and economic development in Johannesburg as agreements often state? To answer the research questions, an in-depth understanding of city-to-city partnerships in South Africa is required; therefore a qualitative data collection approach was adopted. City-to-city cooperation crosses geographical borders, and this study investigates how it also extends across theories, government spheres and topics. The research traces policy and practice of international city-to-city cooperation relationships, identifying the salient aspects of these city-level engagements and incorporates a critical view of policy documents that frame municipal international relations in South Africa, specifically in Johannesburg. The research shows that international city-to-city cooperation agreements should be greeted with a degree of scepticism in terms of the disparity between the agreement’s objectives, and the practical experience of implementation. Municipal international relations are an interesting exercise in city autonomy in the global economy, yet they are often conscribed by provincial and national government requirements.

Introdução: A síndrome de Bloom (SB) é uma síndrome de instabilidade cromossômica rara, transmitida por herança autossômica recessiva. Caracteriza-se por deficiência de crescimento pré e pós-natal, microcefalia, hipoplasia malar, eritema telangiectásico em face e comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Os pacientes com SB apresentam predisposição aumentada para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias em idade precoce, sendo esta, a principal causa de óbito. No estudo citogenético observa-se aumento de quebras cromossômicas espontâneas e trocas entre cromátides irmãs (TCI), que é utilizada como marcador diagnóstico para a SB. Essas alterações são causadas por um defeito no mecanismo de reparo do DNA, decorrente de uma mutação no gene BLM. Objetivos: Realizar o estudo citogenético de trocas entre cromátides irmãs para o diagnóstico de pacientes com suspeita clínica de SB; caracterizar os aspectos clínicos e avaliar a evolução de pacientes com SB. Métodos: Foram estudados nove pacientes (4 M e 5 F) pertencentes a oito famílias com suspeita clínica de SB utilizando preparações cromossômicas tratadas com 5- bromo-2-desoxiuridina (BrdU) e coloração Hoechst - Giemsa para visualização diferencial das cromátides irmãs e análise de freqüência de TCI. Resultados e Discussão: Todos os pacientes foram positivos para a pesquisa de TCI cuja freqüência variou de 45,2 a 61,3 TCI/metáfase. A idade dos pacientes ao diagnóstico variou de 1a1m até 11a (média de 4a6m). O principal motivo do encaminhamento foi o déficit de crescimento e apenas um paciente foi encaminhado por apresentar lesões cutâneas. Todos apresentaram deficiência de crescimento pré e pós-natal, microcefalia e hipoplasia malar. O eritema esteve presente em 8/9 pacientes. Manchas café-au-lait e/ou manchas hipocrômicas foram observadas em sete pacientes. Um paciente apresentou agenesia unilateral da fíbula, encurtamento da tíbia e agenesia do 5° artelho, associado à hipoplasia renal. As infecções de repetição foram relatadas em 8/9 pacientes, sendo principalmente pneumonia e diarreia. Deficiência de imunoglobulinas foi observada em 6/9 pacientes, principalmente: deficiência de IgG (3/6), de IgA (2/6) e de IgM (1/6). A consanguinidade entre os pais foi encontrada em 4/8 famílias, apenas uma família apresentou dois filhos afetados. Duas pacientes (2/9) evoluíram com tumor de Wilms (TW), uma aos 3a6m e a outra aos 3a11m. Houve recidiva em uma paciente que faleceu aos cinco anos. A outra paciente evoluiu bem e atualmente está com 20 anos. Conclusão: O diagnóstico da SB deve ser feito precocemente baseado na avaliação clínica. A pesquisa citogenética de TCI, que é de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, é fundamental para a confirmação diagnóstica. A freqüência aumentada para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias em idade precoce, alerta para um rastreamento das neoplasias mais comuns como linfoma, leucemia e tumor de Wilms. / Introduction: Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare chromosomal instability syndrome, transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. It´s characterized by pre and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, malar hypoplasia, telangiectatic erythema on the face and impaired immune system. BS patients present an increased predisposition to develop cancer at early age, which is the main cause of death. In the cytogenetic exam is observed an increase of spontaneous breaks and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) that is used as a diagnostic biomarker for the BS. These changes are caused by a defect in DNA repair mechanism, due to mutations in the BLM gene. Objectives: Perform the cytogenetic study of sister chromatid exchange for the clinical diagnosis of BS patients; to characterize the clinical aspects and assess the follow-up of patients. Methods: Nine patients (4 M, 5 F) from eight families with clinical diagnoses of BS were studied using standard chromosome preparations treated with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Hoechst-Giemsa differential staining for visualization and analysis of frequency of SCE. Results and Discussion: All patients were positive for the presence of SCE with the frequency ranged from 45.2 to 61.3 SCE/metaphase. The age at diagnosis ranged from 1y1mo to 11y (mean 4y6mo). The main reason for referral was growth deficit except one due to skin lesions. All patients presented pre and post-natal growth deficiency, microcephaly and malar hypoplasia. The erythema was present in 8/9 patients. Cafe-au-lait spots and/or hypochromic spots were observed in seven patients. One patient had unilateral agenesis of the fibula, shortening tibia and agenesis of the 5th toe associated with renal hypoplasia. The recurrent infections were reported in 8/9 patients, mainly pneumonia and diarrhea. Immunoglobulin deficiency was observed in 6/9 patients such as IgG (3/6), IgA (2/6) and IgM (1/6). The parental consanguinity was found in 4/8 families, one family had two affected. Two patients (2/9) developed Wilms tumor (WT), one at 3y6mo and another at 3y11mo. There was recurrence in one patient who died at five years. The other patient is well at 20 years old. Conclusion: The diagnosis of BS should be done early based in clinical findings. The cytogenetic for SCE exam is essential for diagnostic confirmation, which is low cost and easy application. The screening for the most common malignancies such as lymphoma, leukemia and WT must be done due to increased predisposition for cancer development at an early age

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizangela Chaves Dias.pdf: 1073554 bytes, checksum: cc5fa205389b90020cceb6ed6e3df48d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / This paper aims to present an exegetical study of a biblical narrative: the Genesis 12,10-13,1a. It follows the style of commentary. The research advances with the biblical tradition in question. In each chapter two investigations are carried out. 1) a linguistic and literary study which includes translation, morphological analysis, syntactic, stylistic and narrative; and 2) a historical-theological that serves as a research on the historical and cultural context, as well as, the theology in the text. In this sense, this research has hypothesized the question: 'Sarai as wife and sister of Abraham'. Throughout the study it is possible to visualize a growing understanding of the scope of the term 'wife and sister'. Based on the arguments found, adding reflections on historical-archaeological and biblical-theological, it seems plausible to say that Sarai is Abraham´s wife and sister not only in the denotative sense, but also in a metaphorical one. Moreover, this expression becomes a key to the interpretation as 'sister' and 'wife' that are important characters in the theological and symbolic language of the bible / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo exegético de uma narrativa bíblica: Gênesis 12,10-13,1a. Seguindo o estilo de comentário, a pesquisa avança junto à tradição bíblica em questão. Em cada capítulo, são realizadas duas investigações: 1) um estudo linguistico-literário, que compreende tradução, análises morfológico-sintática, estilística e narrativa; e 2) um estudo histórico-teológico, que se serve de pesquisas referentes ao ambiente histórico-cultural bem como à teologia presente no texto. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa tem como hipótese a questão: Sarai como esposa e irmã de Abrão . Ao longo do estudo, será possível constatar uma crescente compreensão do conteúdo da expressão esposa e irmã‟. Diante dos argumentos encontrados juntando reflexões histórico-arqueológicas e bíblico-teológicas parece ser plausível dizer que Sarai é esposa e irmã de Abrão, não somente em sentido denotativo, mas também metafórico. Mais ainda: esta expressão se torna chave de uma interpretação intertextual, pois irmã‟ e esposa‟ são figuras de peso teológicosimbólico na linguagem bíblica

Introdução: A síndrome de Bloom (SB) é uma síndrome de instabilidade cromossômica rara, transmitida por herança autossômica recessiva. Caracteriza-se por deficiência de crescimento pré e pós-natal, microcefalia, hipoplasia malar, eritema telangiectásico em face e comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Os pacientes com SB apresentam predisposição aumentada para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias em idade precoce, sendo esta, a principal causa de óbito. No estudo citogenético observa-se aumento de quebras cromossômicas espontâneas e trocas entre cromátides irmãs (TCI), que é utilizada como marcador diagnóstico para a SB. Essas alterações são causadas por um defeito no mecanismo de reparo do DNA, decorrente de uma mutação no gene BLM. Objetivos: Realizar o estudo citogenético de trocas entre cromátides irmãs para o diagnóstico de pacientes com suspeita clínica de SB; caracterizar os aspectos clínicos e avaliar a evolução de pacientes com SB. Métodos: Foram estudados nove pacientes (4 M e 5 F) pertencentes a oito famílias com suspeita clínica de SB utilizando preparações cromossômicas tratadas com 5- bromo-2-desoxiuridina (BrdU) e coloração Hoechst - Giemsa para visualização diferencial das cromátides irmãs e análise de freqüência de TCI. Resultados e Discussão: Todos os pacientes foram positivos para a pesquisa de TCI cuja freqüência variou de 45,2 a 61,3 TCI/metáfase. A idade dos pacientes ao diagnóstico variou de 1a1m até 11a (média de 4a6m). O principal motivo do encaminhamento foi o déficit de crescimento e apenas um paciente foi encaminhado por apresentar lesões cutâneas. Todos apresentaram deficiência de crescimento pré e pós-natal, microcefalia e hipoplasia malar. O eritema esteve presente em 8/9 pacientes. Manchas café-au-lait e/ou manchas hipocrômicas foram observadas em sete pacientes. Um paciente apresentou agenesia unilateral da fíbula, encurtamento da tíbia e agenesia do 5° artelho, associado à hipoplasia renal. As infecções de repetição foram relatadas em 8/9 pacientes, sendo principalmente pneumonia e diarreia. Deficiência de imunoglobulinas foi observada em 6/9 pacientes, principalmente: deficiência de IgG (3/6), de IgA (2/6) e de IgM (1/6). A consanguinidade entre os pais foi encontrada em 4/8 famílias, apenas uma família apresentou dois filhos afetados. Duas pacientes (2/9) evoluíram com tumor de Wilms (TW), uma aos 3a6m e a outra aos 3a11m. Houve recidiva em uma paciente que faleceu aos cinco anos. A outra paciente evoluiu bem e atualmente está com 20 anos. Conclusão: O diagnóstico da SB deve ser feito precocemente baseado na avaliação clínica. A pesquisa citogenética de TCI, que é de baixo custo e fácil aplicação, é fundamental para a confirmação diagnóstica. A freqüência aumentada para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias em idade precoce, alerta para um rastreamento das neoplasias mais comuns como linfoma, leucemia e tumor de Wilms. / Introduction: Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare chromosomal instability syndrome, transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. It´s characterized by pre and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, malar hypoplasia, telangiectatic erythema on the face and impaired immune system. BS patients present an increased predisposition to develop cancer at early age, which is the main cause of death. In the cytogenetic exam is observed an increase of spontaneous breaks and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) that is used as a diagnostic biomarker for the BS. These changes are caused by a defect in DNA repair mechanism, due to mutations in the BLM gene. Objectives: Perform the cytogenetic study of sister chromatid exchange for the clinical diagnosis of BS patients; to characterize the clinical aspects and assess the follow-up of patients. Methods: Nine patients (4 M, 5 F) from eight families with clinical diagnoses of BS were studied using standard chromosome preparations treated with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Hoechst-Giemsa differential staining for visualization and analysis of frequency of SCE. Results and Discussion: All patients were positive for the presence of SCE with the frequency ranged from 45.2 to 61.3 SCE/metaphase. The age at diagnosis ranged from 1y1mo to 11y (mean 4y6mo). The main reason for referral was growth deficit except one due to skin lesions. All patients presented pre and post-natal growth deficiency, microcephaly and malar hypoplasia. The erythema was present in 8/9 patients. Cafe-au-lait spots and/or hypochromic spots were observed in seven patients. One patient had unilateral agenesis of the fibula, shortening tibia and agenesis of the 5th toe associated with renal hypoplasia. The recurrent infections were reported in 8/9 patients, mainly pneumonia and diarrhea. Immunoglobulin deficiency was observed in 6/9 patients such as IgG (3/6), IgA (2/6) and IgM (1/6). The parental consanguinity was found in 4/8 families, one family had two affected. Two patients (2/9) developed Wilms tumor (WT), one at 3y6mo and another at 3y11mo. There was recurrence in one patient who died at five years. The other patient is well at 20 years old. Conclusion: The diagnosis of BS should be done early based in clinical findings. The cytogenetic for SCE exam is essential for diagnostic confirmation, which is low cost and easy application. The screening for the most common malignancies such as lymphoma, leukemia and WT must be done due to increased predisposition for cancer development at an early age

This study developed a comprehensive framework for understanding the process of sibling adjustment to pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI). Grounded theory methodology was employed to inductively explore the issues siblings perceived to be their main concerns and how they managed these concerns. Fifty-three interviews were conducted recursively with twenty child and adolescent siblings of individuals with an ABI, four adult siblings of individuals with an ABI and four child and adolescent siblings of individuals with congenital disability. Observational and secondary data from hospital staff and parents were also analyzed. The framework was developed and verified through simultaneous data collection and analysis (Glaser, 1978; Strauss & Corbin, 1990). The main issue of concern for siblings following their brother or sister's ABI was the loss of equilibrium in their lives. Losing equilibrium was defined by the concepts of vulnerability and emotional turmoil. Specifically, following ABI, siblings were confronted with the vulnerability of their assumptive world, which was influenced by their exposure to unforeseen circumstances, mortality, the enduring nature of their brother or sister’s injury, and the perceived vulnerability of their family unit. In response to these losses, siblings experienced emotional turmoil, including acute anxiety, chronic worry, ambivalent emotions and disenfranchised grief. Losing equilibrium was an ongoing concern for siblings that threatened their sense of security, safety, predictability and control for many years post injury. To manage these ongoing concerns, siblings employed a variety of interrelated strategies to regain equilibrium. These strategies were conceptualized by the concepts, navigating and sacrificing. The purpose of these strategies was to restore safety, predictability and control in the siblings' environment. Navigating required siblings to negotiate the enduring disequilibrium in their lives, by challenging new rules with old tools, withdrawal, trying and buying, merging the familiar and the unfamiliar and integrating. Sacrificing required siblings to relinquish their needs and desires to regain equilibrium and was illustrated through the concepts, surrogate parent, surrendering parental attention, emotional repression, and self-blame. These self-sacrificing strategies appeared to influence siblings' long-term personal development. For instance, siblings believed that they became more responsible, understanding, tolerant, and cautious in everyday activities. The data indicated that these personal changes subsequently maintained siblings sacrificing behaviors. Although sacrificing strategies were employed by some siblings from the time of the ABI, most siblings mastered their loss of equilibrium through the navigating process. Like the non-finite nature of losing equilibrium, regaining equilibrium was an ongoing cyclical process. Rather than focusing on adjustment outcomes only, the current study has extended previous research by providing a framework for understanding the process of sibling adjustment to ABI. This framework provides a set of integrated categories, concepts, hypotheses and propositions to inform future research and practice.

An application of theory to various reality television shows in order to discuss the emergence and encouragement of the false self in our society is the focus of this work. Toddlers and Tiaras, Hoarders and Sister Wives are the three television shows that will be analyzed by using content analysis in order to examine the effects of consumerism, narcissism and the emergence of the false self. The limitless character of the economy coupled with narcissism and an increased focus on the self contributes to the development of the false self within the individual. People may not even be aware of the push to be narcissistic, focused on our own biographies and self-promotion, yet people are aware of their suffering and unhappiness. Many individuals are left questioning why it is that they are never completely satisfied even as they accumulate notoriety, success, material wealth and possessions. An ideology of greatness and being the best is found in so many avenues of our daily lives, and at times it can be overwhelming, and if we do not possess these skills and qualities we are encouraged to just fake it.

The availability of the health care in the 19thcentury was not very good from the geographical and economical point of view because in the countryside the care was provided by less qualified people. The care of a child was mainly only at home. Mothers took care of the children on their own. They got information and experience from elder more experienced women in their surroundings. There are many myths and superstition related to the health care at this time. The culture of the society and the religious views influenced the treatment of children at that time. The paediatrics as an independent branch of science began to develop at the turn of the 19thand 20thcentury. In connection to this progress the attention was also focused on development of children´s health care. There were established first children´s departments and the care moved slowly to hospitals. The ways of the care of children changed during the historical development. A big progress in treatment of children was in the 20th century. The nursing schools and other hospitals were established. We can also register an increase in number of professional literature dealing with treatment and education of children of different age period. The consultancy for the mother and the child started to extend. The myths and superstitions were slowly forced out of information with scientific basis. The care of community was developed in the middle of the 20th century. It was a response to the bad availability of the health care in the country. In 80s of the 20th century has been introduced a new way of care of the mother and the child in maternity units, so called roaming-in that has functioned successfullytoday. The main priority of the children´s health care is to ensure good health care for children at all age, not only in hospital but also in the health. The goal of this thesis was to map the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic. The research was based on the qualitative method. Acquired results through a content analysis data were divided according to particular periods of time. Mapping of the development of the health care at children´s age in the area of the Czech Republic may provide a complete view not only for nurses but for all medical staff and non-professional people.

The ward sister round presents an integral part of the nursing profession. The ward sister round comprises a regular visit of the nurse directly at the patient´s bed. Its objective consists in determining and satisfying the unsaturated needs of patients, further in ensuring and providing a high quality and efficiency nursing care in a close link with medical care. Nursing handover can be divided into two main sections: written and oral handover. The oral handover takes place directly in the patients´/clients´ room under the use of nursing documentation. Its advantage consists in the direct involvement of the patient/client in the handover process. The written handover is then entered by the nurses into the Handover Book. The significance of my diploma work consists in increasing the nurses´ standard of knowledge related to the modernization of ward sister rounds and nursing handover as an integral part of the nursing profession.