Resumo: Foi realizada uma avaliação econômica de uma empresa processadora de tilápia com volume de produção até 200 kg/dia de peixe processado. O volume de resíduo gerado foi em torno de 144 kg/dia. As tecnologias propostas para esta empresa foram: unidade produtora de quibe, unidade produtora de silagem e unidade para produção de composto orgânico. O investimento para instalar estas três unidades foi de R$ 9.728,25 em um ano. Foi considerada uma produção anual, alterando os meses de produção entre silagem e composto orgânico. Os custos médios para silagem, quibe e composto foram de R$ 0,49, R$ 4,91 e R$ 0,07 respectivamente. A taxa interna de retorno (TIR) foi de 71,57%, o valor presente líquido em R$ 45.327,12, o período de retorno de capital em 1,45 anos e a relação benefício/custo em 1,28. O retorno líquido para o empresário foi de 1 salário mínimo mensal. Em todos os cenários propostos os indicadores de viabilidade foram positivos mostrando a viabilidade do investimento / Abstract: An economic evaluation of a fish by-product processing company that produced up to 200kg/day is presented. The average volume of fish by products produced was 144kg/day. Three production units to make quibe, silage and organic compost using the by-products of fish processing were proposed; totaling an investment of R$9,728.25 in one year. It was considered to alternate annual production between compost and silage. The average cost (R$/kg) to produce silage, quibe and organic compost was R$0.49, R$4.91 and R$0.07, respectively. The return of the investment was 71.57%, valued at R$ 45.327,12. Therefore, the investment paid back in 1.45 years and the relationship cost/benefit was found to be R$ 1,28. The liquid return to the businessman was 1 monthly minimum wage. The results reported show that in all case scenarios the proposed technologies are economically feasible / Orientador: Rose Meire Vidotti / Coorientador: Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo Martins / Banca: João Donato Scorvo Filho / Banca: Maria Regina Barbieri de Carvalho / Mestre

Slaughterhouse waste (SB) has high potential to be utilized in anaerobic digestion due to its high protein and lipid content. However, these are also the limiting factors of system stability. Thus, co-digestion of slaughterhouse waste with other agro-industrial residues (manure (M), various crops (VC) and municipal solid waste (MSW)) was introduced in this study to overcome this problem. The main objective of the work was to determine the operating parameters and the methane yield in semi-continuous co-digestion of slaughterhouse waste with other agro-industrial waste streams. Four continuously stirring tank reactors (CSTRs) with different substrates and mixtures (SB, SB:M, SB:VC and SB:VC:MSW) were started up operating with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 days in thermophilic conditions. The highest organic loading rates which could be achieved were 0.9 g VS/L·d in digestion of SB and 1.5 g VS/L·d for the co-digestion mixtures. In these cases, average methane yields of 300, 510, 587 and 426 ml/g VS were obtained from the digestion of SB, and the co-digestion of SB:M, SB:VC and SB:VC: MSW, respectively, with methane contents in the biogas of 60-85%. The highest average methane yield of 587 ml/g VS was found in co-digestion of SB:VC, which was in accordance with the value of 592 ml/g VS detected during the batch digestion of the same mixture. Moreover, batch assays with different substrates as well as 11 different mixtures of those were also set up to investigate the methane potential and the effect of second feeding. The results showed that the co-digestion of SB:VC, SB:VC:MSW and SB:M could provide high methane potentials, where the highest methane yields of 592, 522 and 521 ml/g VS, respectively were obtained. Moreover, increasing, similar or decreasing methane yields were determined from the second feeding depending on the substrates and substrate mixtures used. / Program: MSc in Resource Recovery - Sustainable Engineering

Resumo: Escherichia coli destaca-se entre os principais patógenos de importância na suinocultura e saúde pública e apresenta diversos patótipos, caracterizados pela presença de diferentes fatores de virulência. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram detectar genes de virulência e determinar a sua freqüência, bem como caracterizar o perfil de resistência às drogas antimicrobianas de estirpes de E. coli shigatoxigênica (STEC) e enteropatogênica (EPEC) isoladas de fezes e carcaças de suínos abatidos na região de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Esse estudo foi conduzido com 226 amostras de fezes e 215 amostras de carcaça de suínos colhidas de três diferentes abatedouros. As estirpes isoladas foram submetidas ao teste bioquímico para confirmação da espécie, teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos, teste para determinação dos sorogrupos e PCR para detecção dos genes stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, efa1, saa, lpfAO113, lpfAO157/OI-141, lpfAO157/OI-154, toxB, iha e bfp, foram isolados 3,4% de EPEC e 0,2% de STEC. Os fatores de virulência foram encontrados em quatro diferentes combinações: eae + lpfAO113 (1,6%); eae (1,4%); eae + toxB + lpfAO157/OI-141 + ehxA (0,4%) e stx2 (0,2%). Não houve isolados positivos para os genes lpfAO157/OI-154, saa, efa1, iha e bfp. Todos os isolados foram sensíveis à nitrofurantoína e 93,75% resistentes à tetraciclina. Os resultados mostraram que amostras provenientes de suínos da região de Ribeirão Preto-SP apresentaram E. coli que contêm genes de virulência associados a STEC e EPEC. Esse fato é um alerta para que esses animais sejam monitorados, pois podem ser potenciais reservatórios de STEC e EPEC causadoras de doenças em humanos / Abstract: Escherichia coli stands out among the main pathogens of importance to the swine industry and public health and presents several pathotypes characterized by the presence of different virulence factors. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency, detect virulence genes and characterize the resistance profile to antimicrobial drugs of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from feces and carcasses of pigs slaughtered in the region of Ribeirão Preto - SP. This research was carried out with 226 fecal samples and 215 carcasses samples from swine collected from three different slaughterhouses. The strains isolated were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test, biochemical test to confirm the specie, test to determine the serogroups and PCR for detection of genes stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, efa1, saa, lpfAO113, lpfAO157/OI-141, lpfAO157/OI-154, toxB, iha and bfp, 0,2% of STEC and 3,4% of EPEC were isolated. The virulence factors were found in four different combinations: eae + lpfAO113 (1,6%); eae (1,4%); eae + toxB + lpfAO157/OI-141 + ehxA (0,4%) and stx2 (0,2%). There were no positive isolate for genes lpfAO157/OI-154, saa, efa1, iha and bfp. All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and 93.7% resistant to tetracycline. The results showed that samples from swines in the region of Ribeirão Preto have E. coli containing virulence genes associated with EPEC and STEC strains. This fact is a warning that these animals should be monitored because they can be potencial reservoirs of STEC and EPEC that cause disease in human / Orientador: Fernando Antônio de Ávila / Coorientador: Everlon Cid Rigobelo / Banca: José Moacir Marin / Banca: Antonio José Piantino Ferreira / Mestre

Resumo: Neste trabalho é analisada a possibilidade de utilização do gás natural como combustível em indústrias frigoríficas em substituição aos combustíveis tradicionalmente utilizados, como a lenha e o óleo. Os estudos são feitos com base numa planta de um frigorífico bovino bastante representativo do setor, que utiliza equipamentos e combustíveis tradicionais para a produção de vapor para processos e compra energia elétrica de uma concessionária. São consideradas algumas opções para a ampliação da capacidade de produção, incluindo a implantação de plantas de cogeração e trigeração a gás natural que são capazes de produzir simultaneamente eletricidade, vapor para os processos e refrigeração para as câmaras frigoríficas. Para fins de avaliação do desempenho são feitas análises energéticas e exergéticas para cada uma das configurações propostas. Por fim, é realizada uma análise termoeconômica, através da Teoria do Custo Exergético, que possibilita determinar os custos exergéticos e monetários e depois avaliar os reflexos dos custos de investimento de capital e do combustível na composição dos custos dos produtos (energia elétrica, vapor e refrigeração). / Abstract: In this work, the possibility of the use of natural gas as fuel in slaughterhouses, substituting the traditional fuels used (firewood and oil), is analyzed. The studies are based on a plant of a quite representative bovine slaughterhouse, which uses equipment and fuels traditional for production of steam for processes and buys electricity of a dealership. Some options for the enlargement of the production capacity are considered, including the implantation of natural gas cogeneration and trigeneration plants, which are capable to produce, simultaneously, electricity, steam for the processes and cooling for the refrigerating chambers. For effect of performance evaluation, energetic and exergetic analyses for each one of the proposed configurations are performed. Finally, a thermoeconomic analysis is accomplished, by means of the Theory of Exergetic Cost, which makes possible to determine the exergetic and monetary costs and to evaluate the reflexes of the costs of capital investment and of the fuel in the composition of the costs of the products (electric power, steam and cooling). / Orientador: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos / Coorientador: Cassio Roberto Macedo Maia / Banca: Emanuel Rocha Woiski / Banca: Sílvio de Oliveira Júnior / Mestre

L'abattoir est un observatoire privilégié de la santé des bovins, permettant d'envisager une surveillance de la population bovine à partir des données d'inspection sanitaire qui y sont collectées. Mais la valorisation épidémiologique de ces données fait face à des difficultés (complexité des données, nombreux mouvements des bovins de leur naissance à l'abattoir). Afin de gérer cette complexité, une approche statistique (analyse multifactorielle et classification mixte) associée à des avis d'experts ont permis d'établir une typologie des lésions observées à l'abattoir. Une dizaine de groupes lésionnels ont été identifiés qui relèvent de divers domaines tels que la santé animale, la protection animale ou la santé publique. Les données d'abattoir peuvent être utilisées pour la surveillance de maladies ciblées telles que la cysticercose bovine. Des indicateurs de surveillance robustes ont été élaborés pour permettre la comparaison des prévalences de cette zoonose dans le temps et l'espace. Une méthode innovante de prise en compte de l'incertitude liée au lieu d'infestation des animaux a été mise en oeuvre pour identifier les zones à risque plus élevé d'infestation. Un tel outil sera mobilisable pour la mise en oeuvre ultérieure d'une inspection basée sur le risque visant à améliorer l'efficience de l'inspection en abattoir. L'utilisation des données d'abattoir pour la mise en place d'un dispositif de surveillance syndromique a par ailleurs été investiguée par modélisation de la proportion hebdomadaire de bovins ayant fait l'objet d'une saisie totale. Une évaluation des performances de plusieurs algorithmes de détection d'anomalies temporelles a été menée sur données simulées / The slaughterhouse is a unique dedicated vantage point from which to observe bovine health, making it possible to consider implementation of bovine surveillance based on meat inspection data. But the exploitation of these data for epidemiological purposes is not without difficulties (data complexity, large number of cattle movements from birth to slaughter). In order to deal with the data complexity issue, a statistical approach (multiple factor analysis in combination with clustering methods), in addition to the gathering of expert opinions, enables us to create a typology of the lesions detected at the slaughterhouse. Approximately ten lesion groups were identified which cover various areas including animal heath, animal welfare and public health. Meat inspection data can be used for the surveillance of targeted diseases such as bovine cysticercosis. Robust surveillance indicators have been created to enable prevalence comparisons of this zoonosis over time and space. An innovative approach that takes into account uncertainty regarding the location where the animal became infected was implemented to identify areas of higher risk of infection. A similar method could be used for the implementation of a future risk-based meat inspection initiative so as to improve meat inspection efficiency. The use of meat inspection data for the implementation of a syndromic surveillance system was investigated using a temporal analysis of the weekly proportion of whole carcass condemnations, and assessment of the performance of several algorithms for temporal aberration detection was conducted on simulated data

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-08-26T13:42:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Agna Miranda Castro.pdf: 723885 bytes, checksum: 7fb4bb6ea94888ba4e3c34d11346c85f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T13:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Agna Miranda Castro.pdf: 723885 bytes, checksum: 7fb4bb6ea94888ba4e3c34d11346c85f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The Campylobacteriosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, being Campylobacter jejuni the principal agent etiologic of gastroenteritis cases in humans. The presente study was check for the presence of Campylobacter spp. in carcasses and giblets of poultry, evisceration and depenadeira of three agribusiness located in Goiás State, subject to state inspection service (SIE). 160 samples were analysed from broiler slaughterhouses (A, B, and C), between the months of March and June 2011.Used the technique of conventional bacterial isolation. The positivity was found in 12.5% C. lari e C. jejuni) for liver, 12.5%(C. jejuni) for heart and 4.17% (C. lari) for gizzards. In analyses of the evisceration,broiler carcasses and depenadeira not detectedany samples positive. Through this study noted high exposure to the pathogen, since among the 160 samples analysed 7 (4.37%) contained the bacteria, giblets of poultry larger related edible risk exposure of the consumer population of this class of food. / A campilobacteriose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, sendo Campylobacter jejuni o principal agente etiológico de gastroenterites em humanos nos últimos anos.Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a presença de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças e miúdos de frango, calha de evisceração e depenadeira de três agroindústrias localizadas no estado de Goiás. Foram analisadas 160 amostras provenientes de abatedouros de frangos (A, B e C), entre os meses de março e junho de 2011. Utilizou-se a técnica de isolamento convencional bacteriano. A positividade encontrada foi de 12,5% para fígado (C. jejuni e C. lari) , 12,5% para moela (C. lari) e 4,17%(C. jejuni) para coração. Nas análises de calha de evisceração, depenadeira e carcaças de frango não detectou-se nenhuma amostra positiva. Por meio deste estudo verificou-se exposição ao patógeno, uma vez que dentre as 160 amostras analisadas 7 (4,37%) continham a bactéria, sendo os miúdos de frango associados à maior exposição ao risco da população consumidora desta classe de alimentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoLanaCalza.pdf: 2479663 bytes, checksum: 442aa566b0950908af98316f277a70cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / This work proposes a system of hybrid heating water using primary source solar energy and an auxiliary source, electricity or GLP for auto-completion of heating. This paper had as main objective to measure and analyze the economic viability of a solar heating system water to meet hot water demand in the poultry slaughterhouse in western Paraná. For this different scenarios were studied, varying both the type of solar collector (closed plane or vacuum 'U' shaped) and the auxiliary power source, and then compared to conventional water heating systems. The F-Chart method and a calculation routine developed in this dissertation were used to size the systems. For this project, the study showed the economic viability of all scenarios of solar water heaters in conjunction with an auxiliary power source. The most economically worthy configuration was the use of flat solar collectors and electric power as an auxiliary power source. The comparison with the use of a conventional source showed R $ 92,916.84 NPV, IRR 59.9% and turnaround time of about 1 year and 11 months. / Neste trabalho foi proposto um sistema de aquecimento híbrido de água utilizando como fonte primária a energia solar e uma fonte auxiliar, energia elétrica ou gás GLP, para complementação automática do aquecimento. Esta dissertação teve como principal objetivo dimensionar e analisar a viabilidade econômica de um sistema de aquecimento solar de água para atender a demanda de água quente dos vestiários em um frigorífico de aves na região Oeste do Paraná. Para isto foram estudados diferentes cenários, variando tanto o tipo de coletor solar (plano fechado ou a vácuo tipo ‗U ) como a fonte de energia auxiliar, e comparados aos sistemas de aquecimento de água convencionais. Foram utilizados o método F-Chart e uma rotina de cálculo desenvolvida nesta dissertação para o dimensionamento dos sistemas. Para este projeto, o estudo mostrou a viabilidade econômica de todos os sistemas de aquecimento solar de água acoplados a uma fonte auxiliar de energia. A configuração mais interessante economicamente apresentou-se para utilização de coletores solares planos e energia elétrica como fonte auxiliar de energia. A comparação com a fonte convencional apresentou VPL de R$ 92.916,84, TIR de 59,9% e tempo de retorno de aproximadamente de 1 ano e 11 meses

Cette thèse examine la question de la santé au travail des agents publics en abattoir dans sa multi-dimensionnalité. Elle livre une analyse du travail dans le secteur public non seulement à partir de son cadre institutionnel, mais aussi des multiples interactions, souvent interdépendantes, entre l’activité, les organisations et la trajectoire de la politique du contrôle en abattoir. Elle bat en brèche à la fois la présomption de qualité au travail dans le secteur public et la forte étanchéité de ce secteur. Elle montre comment les douleurs sont négociées, entre activité quotidienne et dispositifs de déclaration en maladie professionnelle et de reclassement. A partir des années 2000, une part croissante des agents de l’Etat en abattoir souffrent de troubles musculo-squelettiques. Les TMS sont l’occasion pour l’encadrement intermédiaire de négocier avec les abattoirs mais aussi d’énoncer le « vrai travail » des agents en abattoir. La mise sur l'agenda de la santé au travail des agents affectés dans les abattoirs surgit dans le contexte de redéfinition des missions de l'Etat et les évolutions de la politique du contrôle en abattoir contribuent tantôt à faire émerger la santé au travail, tantôt à l’occulter en laissant de côté la question du devenir des agents dont les missions évoluent et dont le métier est susceptible de disparaître. Au croisement de la sociologie des groupes professionnels, de la santé au travail et de la sociologie de l’action publique, le cadre d’analyse propose d’articuler les régulations liées à la santé et aux conditions de travail à celles de l’activité et du métier d’inspecteur lui-même. / This thesis considers the occupational health of public officials in slaughterhouses in its multi-dimensionality. It provides an analysis of work in the public sector, not only from its institutional framework, but also from the many interactions, often interdependent, between the activity, the organizations and the trajectory of food safety policy. It undermines both the presumption of quality at work in the public sector and the strong tightness of this sector. It shows how pain is negotiated, between daily activity and occupational disease reporting and reclassification schemes. From the 2000s, a growing proportion of officials in slaughterhouses suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. MSDs are an opportunity for middle management to negotiate with slaughterhouses, but also to state the "real work" of slaughterhouse agents. The agenda setting of the occupational health of the agents affected in the slaughterhouses arises in the context of redefining the missions of the State and the evolutions of the food safety policy contribute sometimes to make emerge health at work, to overshadow it by leaving aside the question of the future of those officials whose missions evolve and whose profession is liable to disappear. At the crossroads between the sociology of professions, occupational health and the sociology of public action, the analysis framework proposes to articulate the regulations related to health and working conditions to those of the activity and the profession of inspector himself.

This thesis is an outline of the stage management process working on a production of “Slaughter City” by Naomi Wallace at the University of Iowa’s Department of Theatre in Spring 2014.

This thesis is a work of practical philosophy situated at the intersection of bioethics, environmental ethics, and social and political thought. Broadly, its topic is the moral status of nonhuman animals. One of its pivotal aims is to encourage and foster the “sympathetic imaginative construction of another’s reality” and to determine how that construction might feed back on to understandings of ourselves and of our place in this world that we share with so many other creatures. In the three chapters that follow the introduction, I explore a concept (vulnerability), a tradition in moral philosophy (the ethic of care), and a philosopher (Wittgenstein) that are not often foregrounded in discussions of animal ethics. Taken together, these sections establish a picture of other animals (and of the kinship that humans share with them) that can stand as an alternative to the utilitarian and rights theories that have been dominant in this domain of philosophical inquiry. In my fifth and sixth chapters, I extend this conceptual framework by turning to the work of Michel Foucault. Here, I develop a two-pronged approach. The first direction – inspired by Foucault’s work on “technologies of power” – is a broad, top-down engagement that explores many of the social apparatuses that constitute the power-laden environments in which human beings and other animals interact. I focus on the slaughterhouse in particular and argue that it is a pernicious institution in which care and concern are rendered virtually impossible. The second direction – inspired by Foucault’s later work on “technologies of the self” – is a bottom-up approach that looks at the different ways that individuals care for, and fashion themselves, as ethical subjects. Here, I examine the dietary practice of vegetarianism, arguing that it is best understood as an ethical practice of self-care. One virtue of my investigation is that it enables a creative synthesis of disparate strands of philosophical thought (i.e. analytic, continental, and feminist traditions). Another is that it demonstrates the philosophical importance of attending to both the wider, institutional dimension of human-animal interactions and to the lived, embodied experiences of individuals who must orient themselves and live their lives within that broader domain. This more holistic approach enables concrete critical reflection that can be the impetus for social, and self-, transformation.