In South Africa, the small business sector has been identified as a sector that is not performing optimally. In a turbulent environment, this type of small business profile is magnified. Therefore, it is important to examine mechanisms through which the performance of this sector can be enhanced. Dynamic capabilities have emerged as a strategic tool of the highest order in terms of firm management and strengthening these capabilities is a key concern for firms that operate in a turbulent environment. Dynamic capabilities are described as the processes required to reconfigure existing resources into new functional competencies. Therefore, this study investigated the strategic processes of small businesses and developed a new strategic model and theory to illustrate and elucidate intervention mechanisms and strategies to strengthen the dynamic capabilities of these small businesses. Methodology: The retail community pharmacy sector was chosen as a model sector for this study since it is a sector that comprises mainly of small businesses and it is currently experiencing environmental turbulence. The methodology followed an initial exploratory, qualitative approach followed by a formal, empirical, quantitative approach. The research questionnaire was derived after ensuring that content validity, criterion related validity, construct validity and reliability criteria were met. This questionnaire was administered to a sample of 477 out of a population of 2549 small businesses in the retail community pharmacy sector, using an unrestricted, simple, random, probability sampling approach. As a consequence of having received 130 completed questionnaires, the results obtained in this study were expressed at the 95% confidence level with a confidence interval of 0.08. Results and Discussion: From a gap analysis of the level of importance of dynamic capabilities and their extent of implementation, seven dynamic capabilities whose implementation can be enhanced by an alteration of the management importance perception of them, were extracted. These capabilities revolve around staff reward, well-being, empowerment and education and training, as well as the abilities of the small business leadership to sense the environment and opportunities while being sensitive to stakeholder needs. Through a consolidation of the results of the gap analysis, a model for the initiation and the sustaining of innovative resource reconfigurations was developed. Conclusion: For the management practice setting, this study�s findings suggest that the dynamic capabilities of small firms operating in a turbulent environment can be enhanced and strengthened by the employment of the model developed by this study. From a management education perspective, this study�s findings also suggest that the employment of specific and focussed management education that revolves around the seven identified processes will enable not only the initiating phase of the proposed model but will also provide a multiplier effect in the model since management capability is also part of the general resource base of the firm. This study thus proposes the use of these management practice and educational approaches to strengthen and enhance the dynamic capabilities of small businesses operating in a turbulent environment. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D. BL.

This study compared the turnover tax and small business corporation tax systems in South Africa as applicable to micro and small businesses. Misinformed perceptions of the turnover tax system were the motivation for this study. A three phase approach was adopted to conduct this study, the phases being literature review, in-depth face-to-face interviews and quantitative analysis of financial statements which are referred to as case studies. The tax liability was calculated for each of the thirty cases and thereafter a comparative analysis was performed to establish the most beneficial tax system for each case study. The findings for year one revealed that the small business corporation tax system was the most beneficial tax system for fifteen of the thirty cases and turnover tax for the other fifteen cases. Over an average of five years, fourteen cases benefited from the small business corporation tax system and sixteen from turnover tax. There were a number of significant reasons why the above mentioned tax systems were appropriate for each of the thirty cases, one of which being, the type of business or industry where the case is located. The information obtained from this study could inform small and micro businesses about the most appropriate and beneficial tax system for their businesses. In addition the information emanating from this study could be used by tax practitioners to advise their clients on the most appropriate tax system for their businesses. Lastly, the results of this study could contribute to the debate around legislation for small and micro businesses. / Taxation / M. Com. (Accounting)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Collaborative strategies such as strategic alliances are being adopted by small and large companies to gain a competitive advantage in a fast changing global and local business environment. Companies are recognising the value of achieving their business goals through mutually beneficial strategic alliances. Strategic alliances provide a more flexible, non-permanent means through collaborative engagement between companies to attain complementary services, skills, products and resources. This study aimed to contribute to an understanding of the nature of strategic alliances between large and small companies within the information technology (IT) sector in South Africa and to highlight the particular dynamics, challenges and success factors from the perspective of these companies. The research question posed was: "What are the success factors that impact on the sustainability of strategic alliances between large and small companies within the IT industry in South Africa?" In this study, a strategic alliance was defined as a "co-operative arrangement between two or more local and / or global firms that invest in a collaborative effort to achieve their individual and mutual goals and positively impact their competitive positioning". Limited research had been conducted on strategic alliances in South Africa in general and no research was available on the IT sector. This exploratory research study was conducted to provide an overview of the dynamics and issues related to strategic alliances keeping the respective contexts of small and large companies in mind. This study contributes to an understanding of the respective contributions of small and large companies in complementing their respective strengths and experiences to achieve business objectives. This area of study supports government policies and initiatives in promoting the collaboration between large and small companies in developing the economy and the small business sector in particular. Within a dynamic and fast-growing information communications technology (ICT) sector, there are increasing opportunities for strategic alliances between small and large companies within the IT sub-sector. A qualitative, inductive research approach was used to determine the kind of alliances that existed, test the themes identified in the literature review in relation to the South African context and identify new insights based on the experiences of respondents engaged in strategic alliance relationships. This approach supported the assumption that the circumstances explored are complex and dynamic and require flexibility both in the approach and methods used. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were used as the instrument or method of data collection. An interviewer guide was developed to direct the interview. Themes and key factors identified through the literature review provided input into the structure and content of the interviews. Three small and three large companies from the IT sector were interviewed as part of this study. The number of employees was used as the primary indicator of company size using the guidelines provided by the DTI. Research results indicated that the main motivations for engaging in strategic alliances included risk sharing, access to new markets, expanded product service offerings, complementary skills and learning, funding support and enhancing competitive positioning. The primary motivator that all respondents identified was 'collaborative bidding for business'. Forty-three percent of alliances of the small and large companies interviewed were with small companies. Small companies indicated a wider range of alliances and included partnering with micro enterprises to large multinationals in their alliance formations. Strategic alliances were monitored and measured by all respondents. Quantitative measures were used most frequently and included measures such as profitability, delivery to project deadlines, meeting service levels and delivery to baseline commitments made in the solutions submitted to clients. Qualitative measures were identified but applied in a less structured way. Challenges identified by small and large companies included achieving an understanding of the culture and needs of small and large companies, managing the financial challenges, relationship management and dealing with co-opetition where competitors are incorporated into the strategic alliance. Respondents all indicated that the value of strategic alliances outweigh the cost of establishing and managing strategic alliances particularly between small and large companies. The success factors identified were largely similar between small and large companies. The highest ranked factors identified by small companies were partner selection and benefit analysis whereas leadership and strategy were the main priority factors for large companies. It is recommended that further research be conducted into measuring and monitoring methods that assists in monitoring the effectiveness of alliances and to develop the capacity of strategic alliance managers in managing the complex of relationships between alliance members, alliance delivery performance and client demands and influences on the strategic alliance. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klein en groot maatskappye gebruik toenemend samewerkingstrategiee soos strategiese alliansies om 'n kompeterende voorsprong te verkry in 'n vinnig veranderende globale en plaaslike besigheidsomgewing. Maatskappye besef die waarde daarvan om hulle besigheidsdoelwitte te bereik deur wedersydse voordelige strategiese alliansies. Strategiese alliansies verskaf 'n buigsamer, nie-permanente metode, deur middel van samewerking tussen maatskappye, waarmee bykomende dienste, vaardighede, produkte en hulpbronne verkry kan word. Hierdie studie beoog om by te dra tot die begrip van die aard van strategiese alliansies tussen groot en klein maatskappye in die Informasie Tegnologiesektor (IT-sektor) in Suid-Afrika en om die spesifieke dinamika, uitdagings en suksesfaktore vanuit die perspektief van hierdie maatskappye te belig. Die navorsingsvraag is: "Wat is die suksesfaktore wat 'n impak het op die volhoubaarheid van strategiese alliansies tussen groot en klein maatskappye in die IT-bedryf in Suid-Afrika?" In hierdie studie word 'n strategiese alliansie gedefinieer as 'n "samewerkingsooreenkoms tussen twee of meer plaaslike en / of globale maatskappye wat bele in 'n samewerkingspoging om hulle individuele en gesamentlike doelwitte te bereik en wat 'n positiewe uitwerking het op hulle kompeterende posisionering." Beperkte navorsing is al gedoen oor strategiese alliansies in Suid-Afrika in die algemeen en geen navorsing was beskikbaar oor die IT-bedryf nie. Hierdie ondersoekende navorsingstudie is gedoen om 'n verkennende oorsig te verskaf van die dinamika en kwessies verwant aan strategiese alliansies, spesifiek binne die konteks van onderskeidelik klein en groot maatskappye. Hierdie studie dra by tot 'n begrip van die onderskeie bydraes van klein en groot maatskappye in soverre hulle onderskeie sterk punte en ervarings mekaar komplementeer om besigheidsdoelwitte te bereik. Die navorsingsveld ondersteun ook die regering se beleid en inisiatiewe om samewerking tussen groot en klein maatskappye te bevorder en daardeur die ekonomie, spesifiek die kleinsakesektor, te ontwikkel. Binne 'n dinamiese en snelgroeiende Informasie- en Kommunikasiesektor (IKT-sektor), is daar toenemend geleenthede vir strategiese alliansies tussen klein en groot maatskappye binne die IT-subsektor. 'n Kwalitatiewe, inleidende navorsingsbenadering is gebruik om die tipe alliansies wat bestaan te bepaal, die geidentifiseerde temas uit 'n literatuurstudie, toegespits op die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie, te toets en nuwe insigte, gebaseer op die ervarings van die respondente in strategiese alliansieverhoudings, te identifiseer. Hierdie benadering het die aanname bevestig dat die omstandighede wat ondersoek is, kompleks en dinamies is, en buigsaamheid in beide die benadering en metodiek, vereis. Gedeeltelik gestruktureerde, persoonlike onderhoude is gebruik as die navorsingsinstrument of -metode van dataversameling. 'n Vraelys is opgestel as riglyn vir die onderhoude. Die temas en kernfaktore, wat geidentifiseer is uit die literatuuroorsig, het insette vir die struktuur en inhoud van die onderhoude verskaf. Drie klein en drie groot maatskappye in die IT-bedryf is as deel van hierdie studie nagevors. Die getal werknemers is gebruik as die belangrikste bepaler van die maatskappy se grootte volgens die riglyne verskaf deur die Departement van Handel en Nywerheid (DHN). Die navorsingsresultate het aangedui dat die belangrikste beweegredes vir die sluit van strategiese alliansies die volgende is: gedeelde risiko's, toegang tot nuwe markte, uitgebreide produk- / diensaanbiedings, aanvullende vaardighede en opleiding, steun vir befondsing en die bevordering van kompeterende posisionering. Die belangrikste beweegrede wat alle respondente geidentifiseer het, was "gesamentlike tender vir besigheid" . Drie-en-veertig persent van die alliansies van die klein en groot maatskappye wat ondersoek is, was met klein maatskappye. Klein maatskappye het 'n wyer verskeidenheid van alliansies, insluitend vennootskappe van mikro-ondernemings tot groot multinasionale maatskappye, in hulle alliansievormings, ingesluit. Strategiese alliansies is deur alle respondente gemonitor en gemeet. Kwantitatiewe meetinstrumente is die meeste gebruik en het maatstawwe bevat soos winsgewendheid, lewering binne die projek se spertye, die nakom van diensvlakvereistes en die nakom van die aanvanklike ooreenkoms in die oplossings voorgehou aan die kliente. Kwalitatiewe meetinstrumente is ook geidentifiseer, maar minder gestruktureerd toegepas. Die volgende uitdagings is deur beide klein en groot maatskappye geidentifiseer: om'n begrip te vorm van die kultuur en behoeftes van klein en groot maatskappye, bestuur van die finansiele uitdagings, verhoudingsbestuur en die hantering van kooptering waar mededingers in die strategiese alliansie ingesluit is. Al die respondente het aangedui dat die waarde van strategiese alliansies die koste verbonde aan die sluit en bestuur van strategiese alliansies oortref, veral tussen klein en groot maatskappye. Die suksesfaktore wat geidentifiseer is, was hoofsaaklik dieselfde by klein en groot maatskappye. Die faktore wat die meeste waardeer is deur die klein maatskappye, was die keuse van vennote en voordele-analises, terwyl leierskap en strategie die twee hooffaktore vir die groot maatskappye was. Daar word aanbeveel dat verdere navorsing gedoen word oor meetinstrurnente en moniteringmetodes wat kan help om die effektiwiteit van alliansies te monitor. Die kapasiteit van strategiese alliansiebestuurders om die verskeidenheid van verhoudings tussen alliansielede, alliansie-diensleweringvermoens en klientvereistes en invloede op die strategiese alliansie, te bestuur, moet ook ontwikkel word.

Although the development of small businesses is generally considered important for income generation and job creation, there has been relatively little research in developing countries such as Ghana on understanding why some small firms succeed and grow rapidly while others do not in. This thesis investigates the influences on small firm growth rates in Ghana using data from a random sample of 252 manufacturing and services firms from the database of the Association of Ghana Industries. The general hypothesis is that, growth is a function of the characteristics of the entrepreneur; characteristics of the firm; strategic factors; environmental factors; and cultural factors. Consequently, the research tests 36 hypotheses drawn from the five main categories of variables using the turnover and the employment growth measures. It also uses logistic regression analysis to isolate significant factors differentiating rapid-growth firms from slow-growth firms. Overall, the research finds strong evidence which suggests that, perception of a market opportunity; university education; multiple founders; entrepreneurs with marketing skills; workforce training; new product development; presence of a clear vision and mission statement; majority non-family members in management and membership of professional or business associations were associated with rapid-growth firms. iv Factors which were significant in discriminating between rapid-growth and slow-growth firms but were more likely to be associated with slow-growth firms included threat of unemployment or actual unemployment as a motivation for starting a business; production skills; legal form (limited liability companies); access to external equity (post-formation); exporting; access to public or external aid; unionization and frequent management meetings.

Småföretag utgör den ekonomiska motorn som påverkar nationers utveckling. Därför bör de kontinuerligt stödjas för att fortsatt kunna främja länders utveckling. 99 % av alla bygg- och anläggningsföretag är idag småföretag och på grund av branschens höga konjunkturkänslighet, låga inträdeshinder och hårda konkurrens löper de stor risk att misslyckas. Detta medför en efterfrågan på strategisk forskning som kan appliceras på deras speciella karaktärsdrag; flexibilitet och småskalighet. Strategisk forskning har genom historien haft olika fokus vid förklarandet av företags konkurrenskraft. Idag riktas forskningen mot ett internt perspektiv där den resursbaserade teorin är den mest använda. Då den externa miljön är i ständig förändring och kunders preferenser är volatila skapar inte det externa perspektivet en säker grund för att förstå företags konkurrenskraft.   Syftet med studien är att ur ett internt och externt perspektiv öka förståelsen kring hur konkurrenskraft kan stärkas för småföretag inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen. Detta genom att identifiera centrala resurser samt studera hur dessa förnyas, tillämpas och utvecklas. För att besvara syftet har en kvalitativ studie genomförts där den primära datainsamlingen utgjordes av fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Två undersökningsföretag valdes ut efter ett strategiskt urval. Kriterierna var att företagen skulle klassificeras som småföretag och vara marknadsledande.  Utifrån studien kan det fastslås att det inte var tillräckligt att enbart analysera den resursbaserade teorin för att förstå hur småföretag inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen stärker sin konkurrenskraft. Undersökningsföretagen belyste vikten av deras externa relationer med kunderna. Kundrelationerna hade en direkt koppling till företagens konkurrenskraft i form av avtal och rykte. Att endast analysera det interna perspektivet hade resulterat i en bristfällig analys av dessa resursers påverkan på konkurrenskraften. Således adderades det relationella synsättet efter analys av empirin. Utifrån dessa två perspektiv kunde det konstateras att små bygg- och anläggningsföretag stärker sin konkurrenskraft genom att skapa inbäddade relationer med kunder och anställda samtidigt som heterogena resurser måste förnyas, tillämpas och utvecklas. Genom detta kan konkurrensfördelar skapas. / Small businesses constitute the economic engine which affects nations’ development. That is why they continuously need support to further encourage the development of countries. 99 % of all the construction companies are today small businesses and due to the industry’s high sensitivity to economic fluctuation, low entry barriers and intense competition there is a high business failure rate. This leads to a demand of strategic research that can be applied on their special characteristics, flexibility and small scaled. Strategic research has throughout the history had a different focus in explaining businesses competitiveness. Today, research is more directed towards an internal perspective whereas the resource-based theory is the most used. As the external environment is constantly changing and customers’ preferences are volatile the external perspective cannot form a secure foundation to use in the understanding of business competitiveness.  The purpose of this study is from a resource-based view increase the understanding of how competitiveness in small businesses in the construction industry can be strengthened. This by identifying key resources and study how these are renewed, applied and developed. To answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative study has been used whereas the primary data collection consists of five semi-structured interviews. Two businesses where chosen by a purposive sampling. The criteria’s where that the businesses would be classified as small businesses and be leaders of the market.  Based on the study it can be established that it is not sufficient to only analyze the resourcebased theory in order to understand how small businesses in the construction industry strengthen their competitiveness. The research businesses highlighted the importance of their external customer relations. The customer relationships had a direct connection to the businesses competitiveness in terms of contracts and reputation. Only analyzing the internal perspective would have resulted in an inadequate analyze of these resources impact on competitiveness. Thus, the relational view was added to the study after analyze of the gathered data. Through these two perspectives it was noted that small construction businesses competitiveness strengthens through embedded relationships with their customers and employees while at the same time renewing, applying and developing heterogenic resources. Through this, a competitive advantage can be created.

Este estudo tem por objetivos analisar as variáveis do Ambiente Organizacional Externo, à luz das Teorias da Organização Industrial e da Visão Baseada em Recursos, reconhecidas pelo dirigente como adequadas à administração estratégica da pequena empresa. As relações das Pequenas Empresas com o Ambiente Organizacional Externo (EOE) é menos investigada proporcionalmente do que os aspectos do dirigente e da estrutura dessas empresas. Não são encontrados portanto estudos sobre pequenas empresas industriais, de comércio e de serviços e suas relações com seu Ambiente Organizacional Externo principalmente no meio científico, com o enfoque dado nessa pesquisa. Por Ambiente Organizacional Externo compreende-se o entorno externo imediato da organização, composto por fatores como clientes, concorrentes, fornecedores, marcos legais, regulatórios e variáveis macroeconômicas. Esses fatores são abordados com diferentes enfoques pelas duas teorias de referência nessa pesquisa. A compreensão do EOE pode significar para as PE sobrevivência e competitividade tanto quanto as decisões internas do dirigente com respeito a custos e gestão de empregados. Para aprofundamento desses aspectos 154 pequenas empresas dos setores de indústria, comércio e serviços das regiões de São Carlos-SP e de Ribeirão Preto-SP, no Estado de São Paulo, foram objeto de levantamento de dados. A pesquisa é de natureza quantitativa, utilizando-se das 37 questões do instrumento \"Diagnóstico Empresarial\" do Programa ALI - Agente Local de Inovação do Sebrae (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas). Constatou-se a não relevância para o dirigente dos fatores: da missão e da visão, do registro de informações e para a variável clientes. Já para os fatores gestão dos empregados e fornecedores os resultados da relevância para o dirigente não foram conclusivos. Para o fator exigências legais e marcos regulatórios constatou-se que há relevância para o dirigente. Os resultados apontam para necessidade de complementos qualitativos de investigação mas sinalizam que, para essa amostra, os dirigentes não \"percebem e não dão atenção\" a fatores muitas vezes julgados como essenciais para sobrevivência e competitividade das pequenas empresas, como clientes, fornecedores e registro de informações. / This study aims at analysing the variables of the External Organizational Environment (EOE) in the light of the Theory of the Industrial Organization and Theory of the Resource-Based View, acknowledged by the owner as suitable for the strategic administration of the small business (SB). The relations between Small Businesses and the External Organizational Environment is less investigated when comparing with the managers aspects and the businesses structure. Therefore, there are not studies, on small industrial, commerce or service businesses and their relations with the External Organizational Environment, and even less in the scientific field, that would focus on the issues the present research brings. For External Organizational Environment one understands the immediate external surroundings of the organization, composed by factors as customers, competitors, providers, legal and regulatory marks, macroeconomic variables These factors are approached with different foci by two the referential theories of this research. Understanding the External Organizational Environment can mean for the SB survival and competitivity as much as the internal decisions of the owner regarding costs and the management of collaborators. In order to deepen this perspectives, one took as the data base for this investigation 154 small businesses of industry, commerce and service sectors around the regions of São Carlos - SP and Ribeirão Preto - SP, in the State of São Paulo. The investigation is of quantitative nature, using the 37 questions of the instrument \"Business Diagnosis\" of the pro Programme ALI Local Agent of Innovation from Sebrae. It was confirmed the non relevance for the Owner of the practices of mission and of vision; it was confirmed the non relevance for the Owner of the practice of information registry; it was confirmed the non relevance for the Owner for the variable costumers. As for the factors management of collaborators and providers the relevance results for the Management were not conclusive; for the factor legal demands and regulatory marks it was found that there is relevance for the Owner. The results point to the necessity of qualitative complements of investigation. But they signal that, for this sample, the Owners do not notice and do not pay attention to factors many times considered as essential for the survival and the competitiveness of the small business, factors such as costumers, providers and registration of information.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolfo Rubens Martins Correa.pdf: 4277144 bytes, checksum: 30c982dc8fdf8e5078d2e4c6017a4a62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-24 / There is a new associative mechanism in Brazil referred to as a Business Cooperation Network (BCN) that has come to be utilized more and more frequently. BCNs consist of a clustering of small or middle-sized business entities that come together with the objective of the joint development of some activity that are common to all of them. This is achieved through the means of a new business entity formed for the purpose, even while the individual members maintain their own functional autonomy, owner's capital and legal identity as a company. Through the administrative policies developed by the government of the State of Rio Grande of the South, this new type of association has proliferated such that various BCNs are currently active. To the contrary of the configurations used in other countries, there is no legal personification to these business groupings; they have found in civil associations the most adequate structures to accommodate them. Therefore, the absence of proper norms for this new type of association has lead to legal problems that have no expressed solution in legislation. This research paper has the objective of filling in one of these voids. The question to be answered by the present study is whether or not the responsibility of answering to BCN liabilities and obligations corresponds to the member business entities clustered within them. The study has unfolded in three stages. Firstly, Brazilian legislation was analyzed with the purpose of finding answers to the questions raised. Secondly, a survey was carried out by visiting BCNs in the State of Rio Grande of the South in order to interview their directors and verify what practices they have adopted and what their perspectives are on them. Finally, a study of comparative rights was made to verify how the theme was treated in other countries where these clusters have their own legislation. The study sought to verify if there isn't a legal solution expressly provided for by law for this issue. From the survey it was discovered that the BCNs are consolidated as such, and that some of them are headed towards a new level of activity in this form. In almost all the countries studied, the option was for the subsidiary responsibility of the members of the BCNs as an offset to the lack of owner's capital. In conclusion, a coherent legal solution was sought to the issue in question based on all the facets of the study carried out / Há no Brasil um novo mecanismo associativo denominado rede de cooperação empresarial que tem sido utilizado cada vez mais no meio empresarial. Rede de cooperação empresarial consiste em um agrupamento de pequenas ou médias sociedades empresárias que se unem com o fim de desenvolverem em conjunto algumas atividades que lhes são comuns, através de uma nova pessoa jurídica constituída, mas mantendo a personalidade jurídica própria e a autonomia funcional e patrimonial de cada associada. Através de políticas públicas desenvolvidas pelo Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul esse novo tipo associativo tem proliferado e várias redes de cooperação estão em atividade atualmente. Ao contrário do que ocorre em outros países, não há personificação jurídica própria para esses agrupamentos empresariais, que encontraram na associação civil a estrutura mais adequada para abrigá-las. Porém, a ausência de normas próprias para esse novo tipo associativo redunda em problemas jurídicos sem solução expressa na legislação. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o preenchimento de uma dessas lacunas. A indagação a ser respondida pelo presente estudo é se há ou não responsabilidade subsidiária das sociedades empresárias agrupadas em redes de cooperação empresarial pelas obrigações desta. A pesquisa se deu em três etapas. Primeiramente foi analisada a legislação brasileira no intuito de encontrar respostas à questão suscitada. Em segundo lugar foi realizada pesquisa de campo, por meio de visitas a redes de cooperação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para entrevistar seus dirigentes e verificar quais são as práticas adotadas pelas mesmas e suas perspectivas. Por fim, realizou-se um estudo de direito comparado para verificar como o tema é tratado nos países onde esses agrupamentos empresariais têm legislação própria. Verificou-se não haver uma solução jurídica expressamente prevista na lei para a questão levantada. Pela pesquisa de campo descobriu-se que as redes de cooperação estão consolidadas como tais, e algumas delas caminham para um novo nível de atividade em conjunto. Em quase todos os países estudados optou-se pela responsabilidade subsidiária dos membros dos agrupamentos empresariais como uma contrapartida à ausência de capital social. Concluindo, buscou-se apresentar uma solução jurídica coerente ao problema levantado, com base em toda a pesquisa realizada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Maximiano dos Santos.pdf: 872173 bytes, checksum: 97c60429e41e0006a5ab1de84aadd552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / In a new way to study small businesses than the theories of entrepreneurship, we seek to understand from the point of view of internal stakeholders, the figures relating to organizational competition are being built in a small industrial company in the cer amic hub of the city of Pedreira, São Paulo. These values are constructed by stakeholders in social interactions through language, guide their actions and are reflected in organizational practices, procedures and typical behavior observed in organization s. From the interpretive paradigm, the interactionist perspective and based on the qualitative method, we chose a single case study strategy. We conduct the company chosen to build the empirical material, the total of 13 interviews, in - depth with the found er and semistructured with other internal stakeholders, and we use non - participating observations and documents, making use of qualitative analysis for presentation and interpretation of these discursive materials. The results revealed ten values related to organizational competition: expert knowledge of the founder, opening opportunities, informal procedures, commitment to growth, compliance with certain legal obligations, facing challenges, immediacy, no transparency, personhood in relationships and non - compliance with commitments, which sometimes were underlying practices with only a few individuals of the same group of stakeholders. Above all, these values were guided by worldviews of the founder, organizational needs and aspects of economic, social and political context in which stakeholders were inserted. The study of organizational values related to competition in this small company was a first step to discuss issues relating to the survival of Brazilian micro and small enterprises. / Em um novo caminho para estudar pequenas empresas que não as teorias de empreendedorismo, buscamos compreender, sob o ponto de vista dos stakeholders internos, como os valores relativos à competição organizacional estão sendo construídos em uma pequena empresa industrial do polo cerâmico da cidade de Pedreira , São Paulo . Esses valores são construídos pelos stakeholder s nas interações sociais por meio de linguagem, orientam suas ações e são refletidos na s práticas organizacionais, comportamentos e procedimentos típicos observados nas organizações. A partir do paradigma interpretativo, na perspectiva interacionista e com base no método qualitativo, optamos pela est ratégia de estudo de caso único. R ealizamos , na empresa escolhida para a construção do material empírico, o total de 13 entrevistas , sendo em pro fundidade com o fundador e semi estruturada com demais stakeholders internos , além de utilizarmos observações não participantes e documentos , fazendo uso da análise qualitativa para apresentação e in terpretação d esses mate riais discursivos . Os resultados revela ra m dez valores relativos à competição organizacional: conhecimento especializado do fundador, abertura a oportunidades, informalidade nos procedimentos, compromisso com o crescimento, cumprimento de certas obrigações legais, enfrentamento de desafios, presenteísmo , não transparência, pessoalidade nas relações e não compromisso com o outro , que , por vezes, estiveram subjacentes às práticas com somente alguns indivíduos do mesmo grupo de stakeholders . Sobretudo, esses valores foram orientados pelas visões de mundo do fundador , necessidades organizacionais e aspectos do contexto econômico, social e político em que seus stakeholders est avam inseridos . O estudo de valores relativos à competição organizacional nessa peque na empresa foi um primeiro passo para discutir questões relativas à sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-12-20T12:22:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1185590 bytes, checksum: 8e13c3e54e0b96ad189ee0669ad108c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-20T12:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1185590 bytes, checksum: 8e13c3e54e0b96ad189ee0669ad108c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-13 / The Enterprise Cooperation Networks (ECN) were created to increase competitiveness and protect Medium and Small Businesses (MSB) of large competitors. Many ECNs find it difficult to remain active in the market. The life cycle model contributes to overcome these problems, taking into account the characteristics of MSBs and broadens the understanding of their changes over time. In this scenario, the present research aims to identify, in this life cycle model, the stage that some selected networks in the State of Goiás find, replicating the study of the same theme carried out in the networks of the South of Brazil. This research aims to broaden the understanding of four different points of view, involving ECNs, namely: theoretical, managerial, regional development and public management point of view. It is a study of multiple cases, of descriptive character, also involving, bibliographical survey. This model was applied in two ECNs located in the State of Goiás, identifying its level of development. Subsequently, the results obtained in the State of Goiás were compared with those obtained in the research conducted in the South of the country. Semi-structured and structured interviews were conducted with qualitative and quantitative data approaches, developed by content analysis techniques. As a result, Rede 2000 was part of the Decline phase and the Real Estate Network in the transition from the Development to Maturity / Consolidation phase. Comparing the results with those of the South, the importance of external influence on the ECNs was verified in both studies. It was noted that in the southern survey there were thirteen ECNs available and only two in Goiás. In the South, ECNs receive public support from programs specifically geared to them, and in Goiás this does not happen, with programs focused only on cooperatives and Local Productive Arrangements (LPA). Nowadays, in Goiás, members access social networks intensively through computers and smartphones, and this has provided an informal exchange of information among them, strengthening the link between them, helping to develop and maintain network consolidation. / As Redes de Cooperação Empresarial (RCEs) foram criadas para aumentar a competitividade e proteger as Médias e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) dos concorrentes de grande porte. Muitas RCEs encontram dificuldades para se manterem ativas no mercado. O modelo de ciclo de vida contribui para superar estes problemas, tendo em conta as características das MPEs e amplia a compreensão de suas mudanças ao longo do tempo. Neste cenário, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar, neste modelo de ciclo de vida, o estágio que se encontram algumas redes selecionadas no Estado de Goiás, replicando o estudo do mesmo tema realizado nas redes do Sul do Brasil. Esta pesquisa visa ampliar o entendimento sobre quatro pontos de vista diferentes, envolvendo RCEs, a saber: ponto de vista teórico, gerencial, desenvolvimento regional e gestão pública. É um estudo de múltiplos casos, de caráter descritivo, envolvendo também, levantamento bibliográfico. Este modelo foi aplicado, em duas RCEs localizadas no Estado de Goiás, identificando seu nível de desenvolvimento. Posteriormente, foram analisados, comparativamente, os resultados obtidos no Estado de Goiás com os obtidos na pesquisa realizada no Sul do País. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e estruturadas, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa dos dados, desenvolvida por técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, a Rede 2000 se enquadrou na fase de Declínio e a Rede de Imobiliárias na transição da fase de Desenvolvimento para Maturidade/Consolidação. Comparando os resultados com os do Sul, verificou-se, nos dois estudos, a importância da influência externa nas RCEs. Notou-se que na pesquisa do Sul havia a disponibilidade de treze RCEs e em Goiás apenas duas. No Sul as RCEs recebem apoio público de programas voltados especificamente para elas e em Goiás isto não acontece, existindo programas voltados apenas para cooperativas e Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs). Atualmente, em Goiás, os associados acessam intensivamente redes sociais, por meio de computadores e smartphones, e isso tem proporcionado troca de informações informais com maior frequência entre os mesmos, fortalecendo o vínculo entre eles, auxiliando no desenvolvimento e manutenção da consolidação da rede.

O tratamento diferenciado a ser concedido às micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) por parte dos órgãos públicos tem previsão constitucional. Foi regulamentado pela Lei Complementar nº 123/2006 que instituiu o Estatuto da Micro e Pequena Empresa e reforçado pela Lei Complementar nº 147/2014 que tornou obrigatória a adoção de critérios que beneficiam os pequenos negócios nas licitações públicas. Esse estudo descritivo e exploratório tem como objetivo analisar os pregões eletrônicos da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. a fim de descrever como ocorreu na prática a aplicação do tratamento diferenciado às MPEs, conforme disposto pela Lei Complementar nº 123/2006. Foi realizada entrevista com os servidores da Diretoria de Gestão de Materiais, visando a colher informações sobre a percepção dos mesmos a respeito dessa política pública para a UFLA. No Portal de Compras do Governo Federal - COMPRASNET, foram obtidos dados referentes aos processos licitatórios da universidade no período de 2012 a 2015. A partir de uma análise qualitativa das entrevistas e quantitativa dos resultados constantes nas atas dos pregões evidenciou-se a falta de adaptação dos sistemas de informação para operacionalização das mudanças e uma preocupação em não conseguir alcançar o objetivo de efetivar a aquisição de bens ou adquiri-los por valores elevados. Por outro lado, identificou-se que os pregoeiros reconhecem na Lei a importância do fomento aos pequenos negócios e foi demonstrado que, não necessariamente, houve aumento de valores pagos pela administração a partir de sua aplicação. Os resultados apontaram, porém, que o atendimento aos critérios da Lei, implica em disposição da administração para privilegiar o incentivo às MPEs em detrimento de possíveis efeitos que sua aplicação possa desencadear. Trabalhar com valores de referência que sejam mais apropriados aos processos em que haja a exclusividade para as MPEs é um desses possíveis efeitos. Foi elaborada uma proposta de intervenção com sugestão de alteração no fluxo do processo do pregão eletrônico a fim de atender às exigências apresentadas pela legislação e, ao mesmo tempo, resguardar a efetividade do processo quanto à aquisição dos materiais. / The differentiated treatment to be given to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) by public agencies has a constitutional provision. It was regulated by Complementary Law No.123/2006 that establishes the Statute for MSEs and strengthened by Complementary Law No.147/2014, which became mandatory an adoption of criteria that benefit small businesses in public bids. This descriptive study aimed to analyze the bidding processes of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) among the years 2012 to 2015 in order to describe how occurred, in practice, the application of differential treatment to MSEs, as provided by Complementary Law No.123/2006. An interview was conducted with the officers of the Materials Management Board, aiming get information about their perception of this public policy for UFLA. In the Federal Government Purchasing Portal - COMPRASNET were obtained data regarding to bidding processes of the university in the period from 2012 to 2015. Based on an analysis qualitative for interviews and quantitative from the constant results of the trading sessions records, was evidenced a lack of adaptation of the information systems for operationalization of changes. Furthermore, there is also a concern in not reaching the objective to carry out products acquisition or acquire them by expensive values. On the other hand, it was identified that the criers recognize in the Law the importance to fund small businesses and it was demonstrated that there was not necessarily an increase in the amounts paid by the administration from its application. However, the results pointed out that compliance to Law criteria implies in a disposition of the administration inadding the incentive to MSEs to other effects that their application can trigger. Working with reference values that are more appropriate to the processes that has exclusivity to MSEs is one of the possible effects. A intervention proposal was elaborated with a suggestion of change in the flow of the electronic trading session process in order to attend the requirements presented by the legislation and at the same time protect the effectiveness of the process regarding the materials acquisition.