<p>Паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; је&nbsp; постао&nbsp; образац&nbsp; примене&nbsp; ИКТ&nbsp; у&nbsp; туризму.&nbsp; Као&nbsp; посебна&nbsp; агенда&nbsp; у оквиру&nbsp; дискурса&nbsp; Е-туризма,&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; показује&nbsp; већи&nbsp; степен&nbsp; деловања, остварујући&nbsp; утицај&nbsp; у&nbsp; свим&nbsp; фазама&nbsp; туристичког&nbsp; путовања,&nbsp; као&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; готово&nbsp; све&nbsp; чиниоце везано за хетерогену туристичку понуду и тражњу. Поједине дестинације су препознале значај&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; принципима&nbsp; развоја&nbsp; које&nbsp; подржава&nbsp; овај&nbsp; концепт, унапредиле&nbsp; своју&nbsp; конкурентску&nbsp; позицију.&nbsp; Ту&nbsp; се&nbsp; подједнако&nbsp; мисли&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; побољшање туристичког&nbsp; искуства,&nbsp; али&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; добробит&nbsp; коју&nbsp; остварује&nbsp; сама&nbsp; дестинација&nbsp; и&nbsp; њени становници.&nbsp; У&nbsp; том&nbsp; контексту,&nbsp; ова&nbsp; докторска&nbsp; дисертација&nbsp; је&nbsp; испитивала&nbsp; могућности примене концепта паметног туризма на простору Републике Србије и начине на које он може&nbsp; утицати&nbsp; на&nbsp; туристичку&nbsp; конкурентност&nbsp; земље.Анализирана&nbsp; је&nbsp; конкурентност Србије&nbsp; као&nbsp; дестинације&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма&nbsp; и&nbsp; то&nbsp; са&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; запослених&nbsp; у&nbsp; туристичком сектору, као и са аспекта туриста у две одабране дестинације, Нови Сад и Врњачка бања.Да би Србија могла у будућности да се профилише као дестинација паметног туризма и да се развија на могућностима овог концепта, неопходно је, између осталог, анализирати ту&nbsp; проблематику&nbsp; са&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; људских&nbsp; ресурса.&nbsp; С&nbsp; обзиром&nbsp; да&nbsp; се&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; као најновији&nbsp; тренд&nbsp; у&nbsp; туризму,&nbsp; заснива&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; информационо-комуникационим&nbsp; технологија, ова&nbsp; два&nbsp; аспекта&nbsp; су&nbsp; узета&nbsp; као&nbsp; кључна&nbsp; у&nbsp; анализи&nbsp; конкурентности.&nbsp; Разумевање&nbsp; ових фактора&nbsp; може&nbsp; бити&nbsp; значајно&nbsp; у&nbsp; утврђивању&nbsp; слабих&nbsp; тачки&nbsp; и&nbsp; предности,&nbsp; као&nbsp; неопходних услова&nbsp; за&nbsp; развој&nbsp; паметног&nbsp; туризма,&nbsp; односно&nbsp; утврђивање&nbsp; потенцијала&nbsp; Србије&nbsp; за&nbsp; развој паметног туризма. Добијена сазнања такође могу да покрену питање да ли су запослени у&nbsp; туристичком&nbsp; сектору&nbsp; спремни&nbsp; да&nbsp; развијају&nbsp; паметни&nbsp; туризам&nbsp; тако&nbsp; што&nbsp; ће&nbsp; показати спремност и прихватити имплементацију нових технологија, било да се ради о усвајању новог информационог система на радном месту, или ће се нагласак ставити на системе услуга намењене туристима.</p> / <p>Pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; je&nbsp; postao&nbsp; obrazac&nbsp; primene&nbsp; IKT&nbsp; u&nbsp; turizmu.&nbsp; Kao&nbsp; posebna&nbsp; agenda&nbsp; u okviru&nbsp; diskursa&nbsp; E-turizma,&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; pokazuje&nbsp; veći&nbsp; stepen&nbsp; delovanja, ostvarujući&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; u&nbsp; svim&nbsp; fazama&nbsp; turističkog&nbsp; putovanja,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; gotovo&nbsp; sve&nbsp; činioce vezano za heterogenu turističku ponudu i tražnju. Pojedine destinacije su prepoznale značaj&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; principima&nbsp; razvoja&nbsp; koje&nbsp; podržava&nbsp; ovaj&nbsp; koncept, unapredile&nbsp; svoju&nbsp; konkurentsku&nbsp; poziciju.&nbsp; Tu&nbsp; se&nbsp; podjednako&nbsp; misli&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; poboljšanje turističkog&nbsp; iskustva,&nbsp; ali&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; dobrobit&nbsp; koju&nbsp; ostvaruje&nbsp; sama&nbsp; destinacija&nbsp; i&nbsp; njeni stanovnici.&nbsp; U&nbsp; tom&nbsp; kontekstu,&nbsp; ova&nbsp; doktorska&nbsp; disertacija&nbsp; je&nbsp; ispitivala&nbsp; mogućnosti primene koncepta pametnog turizma na prostoru Republike Srbije i načine na koje on može&nbsp; uticati&nbsp; na&nbsp; turističku&nbsp; konkurentnost&nbsp; zemlje.Analizirana&nbsp; je&nbsp; konkurentnost Srbije&nbsp; kao&nbsp; destinacije&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma&nbsp; i&nbsp; to&nbsp; sa&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; zaposlenih&nbsp; u&nbsp; turističkom sektoru, kao i sa aspekta turista u dve odabrane destinacije, Novi Sad i Vrnjačka banja.Da bi Srbija mogla u budućnosti da se profiliše kao destinacija pametnog turizma i da se razvija na mogućnostima ovog koncepta, neophodno je, između ostalog, analizirati tu&nbsp; problematiku&nbsp; sa&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; ljudskih&nbsp; resursa.&nbsp; S&nbsp; obzirom&nbsp; da&nbsp; se&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; kao najnoviji&nbsp; trend&nbsp; u&nbsp; turizmu,&nbsp; zasniva&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; informaciono-komunikacionim&nbsp; tehnologija, ova&nbsp; dva&nbsp; aspekta&nbsp; su&nbsp; uzeta&nbsp; kao&nbsp; ključna&nbsp; u&nbsp; analizi&nbsp; konkurentnosti.&nbsp; Razumevanje&nbsp; ovih faktora&nbsp; može&nbsp; biti&nbsp; značajno&nbsp; u&nbsp; utvrđivanju&nbsp; slabih&nbsp; tački&nbsp; i&nbsp; prednosti,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; neophodnih uslova&nbsp; za&nbsp; razvoj&nbsp; pametnog&nbsp; turizma,&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp; potencijala&nbsp; Srbije&nbsp; za&nbsp; razvoj pametnog turizma. Dobijena saznanja takođe mogu da pokrenu pitanje da li su zaposleni u&nbsp; turističkom&nbsp; sektoru&nbsp; spremni&nbsp; da&nbsp; razvijaju&nbsp; pametni&nbsp; turizam&nbsp; tako&nbsp; što&nbsp; će&nbsp; pokazati spremnost i prihvatiti implementaciju novih tehnologija, bilo da se radi o usvajanju novog informacionog sistema na radnom mestu, ili će se naglasak staviti na sisteme usluga namenjene turistima.</p> / <p>Smart tourism has become a form of ICT application in tourism. As a special agenda within the e-tourism&nbsp; discourse,&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; shows&nbsp; a&nbsp; higher&nbsp; degree&nbsp; of&nbsp; action,&nbsp; having&nbsp; an&nbsp; impact&nbsp; in&nbsp; all stages of travel, as well as on almost all factors related to the heterogeneous tourist offer&nbsp; and demand.&nbsp; Certain&nbsp; destinations&nbsp; have&nbsp; recognized&nbsp; the&nbsp; importance&nbsp; of&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; and&nbsp; on&nbsp; the principles of development&nbsp; supported by this concept, have improved their competitive position. This&nbsp; refers&nbsp; on&nbsp; improving&nbsp; the&nbsp; tourist&nbsp; experience,&nbsp; but&nbsp; also&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; benefits&nbsp; for &nbsp; the&nbsp; destination itself and its inhabitants. In that context, this PhD theseis examined the possibilities of applying the smart tourism concept in the Republic of Serbia and the ways in which it can influence the tourism competitiveness. The competitiveness of Serbia as a destination of smart tourism was analyzed from the aspect of the employees in the tourist sector, as well as from the aspect of tourists in two selected destinations, Novi Sad and Vrnjacka banja.&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to profiled Serbia as&nbsp; a&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; destination&nbsp; and&nbsp; to&nbsp; develop&nbsp; it&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; possibilities&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; concept,&nbsp; it&nbsp; is necessary,&nbsp; among&nbsp; other&nbsp; things,&nbsp; to&nbsp; analyze&nbsp; this&nbsp; issue&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; aspect&nbsp; of&nbsp; human&nbsp; resources. Considering&nbsp; that&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism,&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; latest&nbsp; trend&nbsp; in&nbsp; tourism,&nbsp; is&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; information&nbsp; and communication technologies, these two aspects&nbsp; have been taken as crucial in the analysis of tourism&nbsp; competitiveness.&nbsp; Understanding&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; factors&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; important&nbsp; in&nbsp; identifying weaknesses&nbsp; and&nbsp; advantages,&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; necessary&nbsp; issue&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; development,&nbsp; i.e.,determining&nbsp; the&nbsp; potential&nbsp; of&nbsp; Serbia&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; development&nbsp; of&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism.&nbsp; The&nbsp; gained knowledge&nbsp; can&nbsp; also&nbsp; raise&nbsp; the&nbsp; question&nbsp; of&nbsp; whether&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; sector&nbsp; employees&nbsp; are&nbsp; ready&nbsp; to develop&nbsp; smart&nbsp; tourism&nbsp; by&nbsp; showing&nbsp; willingness&nbsp; and&nbsp; accepting&nbsp; the&nbsp; implementation&nbsp; of&nbsp; new technologies, whether it is the adoption of a new information system at the workplace, or it is about service systems for tourists.</p>

This dissertation addresses research questions related to defining a smart city and the associated activities. The general research question is explored in the dissertation via the conduct of three related studies. The finding from these three investigations are presented in the results section as 3 essays that collectively examine the smart city phenomena as it has emerged within the City. Essay 1 assesses building municipal open data capability. The study proposed an Opendata Roadmap Framework to enhance the organization's dynamic capability. The results provide a valuable practical framework to help cities develop open data capability. The results also provide a comparative study or benchmark for similar initiatives with other regional cities and within the nation. Essay 2 measures the residents' understanding and beliefs about smart cities. This portion of the research used a qualitative method that included interviewing residents and city officials to understand their definition of a smart city and what they believe makes a city smart. The interviews focused on understanding resident engagement because it is an important characteristic of a smart city. The gap between the city officials and residents understanding was examined. In addition, the interviews help identify essential factors associated with smart cities like trust in government, perceived security, perceived privacy, trust in technology, and perceived monetary value. Essay 3 examines the acceptance of smart city technologies and factors that affect the adoption of such technologies. This essay uses the insights from the other two essays to propose a smart city Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) extension labelled Smart City UTAUT (SC-UTAUT). The new proposed model was tested using a survey method. The 1,786 valid responses were used to test the proposed structural equation model using Smart PLS. Results show a significant relationship between trust in technology, trust in government, perceived monetary value, effort expectancy, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention. The dissertation concludes with a summary of how the three essays make a cumulative contribution to the literature as well as providing practical guidance for becoming a smart city.

NOWADAYS, a number of studies keep on demonstrating the existence of a strong relation between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and the prevalence of human morbidity and mortality. Large particles can be filtered in the nose or in the throat, while fine particles (about10 micrometer) can settle in the bronchi and lungs, leading to more serious consequences. According to Karagulian et al. the major sources of urban air pollution are traffic (25%), combustion and agriculture (22%), domestic fuel burning (20%), natural dust (18%) and industrial activities (15%).As a consequence, the detailed study of dispersion phenomena within the urban canopy becomes a target of great interest. To this end, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be successfully employed to predict turbulence and dispersion patterns, accounting for a detailed characterization of the pollutant sources, complex obstacles and atmospheric stability classes.Despite being intrinsically different phenomena, turbulence and dispersion are closely related. It is universally accepted that, to reach accurate prediction of the concentration field, it is necessary to properly reproduce the turbulence one. For this reason, the present PhD thesis is split into two main Sections: one focused on turbulence modelling and the subsequent, centered on the dispersion modelling.Thanks to its good compromise between accuracy of results and calculation time, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) still represents a valid alternative to more resource-demanding methods. However, focusing on the models’ performance in urban studies, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) generally outperforms RANS results, even if the former is at least one order of magnitude more expensive. Stemming from this consideration, the aim of this work is to propose a variety of approaches meant to solve some of the major limitations linked to standard RANS simulation and to further improve its accuracy in disturbed flow fields, without renouncing to its intrinsic feasibility. The proposed models are suitable for the urban context, being capable of automatically switching from a formulation proper for undisturbed flow fields to one suitable for disturbed areas. For neutral homogeneous atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), a comprehensive approach is adopted, solving the issue of the erroneous stream-wise gradients affecting the turbulent profiles and able to correctly represent the various roughness elements. Around obstacles, more performing closures are employed. The transition between the two treatments is achieved through the definition of a Building Influence Area (BIA). The finalgoal is to offer more affordable alternatives to LES simulations without sacrificing a good grade of accuracy.Focusing on the dispersion modelling framework, there exists a number of parameters which have to be properly specified. In particular, the definition of the turbulent Schmidt number Sct, expressing the ratio of turbulent viscosity to turbulent mass diffusivity, is imperative. Despite its relevance, the literature does not report a clear guideline on the definition of this quantity. Nevertheless, the importance of Sct with respect to dispersion is undoubted and further demonstrated in the works of different authors. For atmospheric boundary layer flows, typical constant values range between 0.2 and 1.3. As a matter of fact, the local variability of Sct is supported by experimental evidence and by direct numerical simulations (DNS). These observations further suggest that the turbulent Schmidt number should be prescribed as a dynamic variable. Following these observations a variable turbulent Schmidt number formulation is proposed in this work. The latter stems from the same hypothesis of the variable formulation developed by Gorlé et al. Moreover, the relevant uncertain model parameters are optimized through uncertainty quantification (UQ). This formulation further increased the accuracy of the predictions, and was successfully verified by Di Bernardino et al. However, the turbulent Schmidt number resulting from this formulation is still intrinsically linked to the turbulence model employed, i.e. to the Cμ coefficient. To overcome this constraint, the nature and the dependencies of Sct were further analyzed through correlation studies and employing principal component analysis (PCA) on data obtained through the proposed ABL RANS model. Subsequently, the same data-driven technique was employed based on the high-fidelity outcomes of a delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (dDES) to derive a generalized turbulentSchmidt number formulation. The latter can be employed within a wide range of turbulence models, without limiting its variability. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Taxis équipés de capteurs GPS sont un dispositif sensoriel important pour examiner les mouvements et les activités des gens. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à découvrir les facettes cachées en ce qui concerne les dynamiques sociales et communautaires codés dans les données de taxi GPS pour mieux comprendre comment se comporte la population urbaine et la dynamique résultant de la ville. Comme certains « aspects cachés» sont en ce qui concerne l'aspect similaire de la dynamique sociale et de la communauté, nous avons encore définissons formellement trois catégories pour l'étude, et les explorer à combler les écarts importants entre la première circuler des données GPS et des applications innovantes et des services urbains intelligents. Plus précisément, 1. Pour permettre aux applications d'alertes de fraude de taxi en temps réel, nous vous proposons algorithme iBoat qui est capable de détecter des trajectoires anormales "à la volée " et déterminer quelles parties de la trajectoire sont responsables de sa "anomalousness", en les comparant historiquement trajectoires ayant la même origine et de destination. 2. Pour introduire des services de transport respectueux de l'environnement aux citoyens rentable et, nous vous proposons B -Planner qui est une approche en deux phases, à planifier des itinéraires de bus de nuit bi- directionnelles de levier grands taxis données GPS. 3. Afin d'offrir un système de planification voyage d'itinéraire personnalisé, interactif, et le trafic-courant pour les utilisateurs, nous proposons système Tripplanner qui contient à la fois hors ligne et des procédures en ligne, en s'appuyant sur une combinaison de géolocalisation réseau social et des ensembles de données de taxi GPS. Enfin, certaines directions de recherche prometteuses pour les travaux futurs sont signalées, qui tentent essentiellement de fusionner les données de taxi GPS avec d'autres ensembles de données pour fournir des services urbains plus intelligents et personnalisés / Taxis equipped with GPS sensors are an important sensory device for examining people’s movements and activities. They are not constrained to a pre-defined schedule/route. Big taxi GPS data recording the spatio-temporal traces left by taxis provides rich and detailed glimpse into the motivations, behaviours, and resulting dynamics of a city’s mobile population through the road network. In this dissertation, we aim to uncover the “hidden facets” regarding social and community dynamics encoded in the taxi GPS data to better understand how urban population behaves and the resulting dynamics in the city. As some “hidden facets” are with regard to similar aspect of social and community dynamics, we further formally define three categories for study (i.e. social dynamics, traffic dynamics, and operational dynamics), and explore them to fill the wide gaps between the raw taxi GPS data and innovative applications and smart urban services. Specifically, 1. To enable applications of real-time taxi fraud alerts, we propose iBOAT algorithm which is capable of detecting anomalous trajectories “on-the-fly” and identifying which parts of the trajectory are responsible for its anomalousness, by comparing them against historically trajectories having the same origin and destination. 2. To introduce cost-effective and environment-friendly transport services to citizens, we propose B-Planner which is a two-phase approach, to plan bi-directional night bus routes leveraging big taxi GPS data. 3. To offer a personalized, interactive, and traffic-aware trip route planning system to users, we propose TripPlanner system which contains both offline and online procedures, leveraging a combination of Location-based Social Network (i.e. LBSN) and taxi GPS data sets. Finally, some promising research directions for future work are pointed out, which mainly attempt to fuse taxi GPS data with other data sets to provide smarter and personalized urban services for citizens

Smart cities embrace cutting-edge technologies to improve transportation efficiency and safety. With the rollout of 5G and an ever-growing network of connected infrastructure sensors, real-time road condition awareness is becoming a reality. However, this progress brings new challenges. The communication and vast amounts of data generated by autonomous vehicles and the connected infrastructure must be navigated. Furthermore, different levels of autonomous driving (ranging from 0 to 5) are rolled out gradually and human-driven vehicles will continue to share the roads with autonomous vehicles for some time. In this work, we apply a data-driven control scheme called Learning Model Predictive Control (LMPC) to three different smart city scenarios of increasing complexity. Given a successful execution of a scenario, LMPC uses the trajectory data from previous executions to improve the performance of subsequent executions while guaranteeing safety and recursive feasibility. Furthermore, the performance from one execution to another is guaranteed to be non-decreasing. For our three smart-city scenarios, we apply a minimum time objective and start with a single vehicle in a two-lane intersection. Then, we add an obstacle on the lane of the ego vehicle, and lastly, we add oncoming traffic. We find that LMPC gives us improved traffic efficiency with shorter travel. However, we find that LMPC may not be suitable for real-time training in smart city scenarios. Thus, we conclude that this approach is suitable for simulator-driven, offline, training on any trajectory data that might be generated from autonomous vehicles and the infrastructure sensors in future smart cities. Over time, this can be used to construct large data sets of optimal trajectories which are available for the connected vehicles in most urban scenarios. / Smarta städer använder modern teknik för att förbättra transporteffektiviteten och säkerheten. Med införandet av 5G och ett allt större nätverk av uppkopplade sensorsystem för infrastruktur blir realtidsmedvetenhet om vägförhållandena en verklighet. Denna utveckling medför nya utmaningar. Kommunikationen mellan autonoma fordon och uppkopplade sensorsystem ger upphov till stora mängder data som måste hanteras. Dessutom kommer fordon med olika autocnominivåer (från 0 till 5) att behöva dela gatorna tillsammans med människostyrda fordon samtidigt under en tid. I detta arbete tillämpar vi en datadriven reglermetod som heter Learning Model Predictive Control (LMPC) på tre olika scenarier i en smart stad med ökande komplexitet. LMPC utnyttjar data från en tidigare lyckad körning av ett visst scenario för att förbättra prestandan på efterföljande körningar samtidigt som säkerheten och rekursiv genomförbarhet garanteras. Vidare garanteras att prestandan från en körning till en annan inte minskar. För våra tre scenarier är målet att minimerar restiden och börjar med ett enda fordon i en tvåfilig korsning. Sedan lägger vi till ett hinder på högra filen och till sist lägger vi till mötande trafik. Vi finner att LMPC ger oss förbättrad trafikeffektivitet med kortare restid. Vi finner dock att LMPC må vara mindre lämplig för realtids scenarier. Således drar vi slutsatsen att denna metod är lämplig för optimering i simulatorer, offline, på data som kan genereras från autonoma fordon och sensorsystemet i infrastrukturen. Så småningom kan vår metod användas för att konstruera stora dataset av optimala trajektorier som är tillgängliga för uppkopplade fordon i framtidens smarta städer.

The most commonly used programming languages for modern software development usually belong to either the Imperative Paradigm (IP) or Declarative Paradigm (DP). These paradigms often come with drawbacks like code coupling and structural and/or temporal redundancy. The Notification Oriented Paradigm (NOP) comes as a new approach for software development that works based on small, smart, and reactive notifiable entities. That is how NOP facilitates software development to achieve several features like responsiveness by avoiding code redundancy and distributiveness by allowing code decoupling. This research focused on examining some of NOP green potentials in a simulated sensor correlation application, in smart city-like, by comparing the performance of a NOP Implementation with other common and popular object-oriented programming languages. The NOP implementation is the so-called NOP C++ Framework 4.0, which is the current state of the technics in this domain. In order to explore the NOP C++ Framework 4.0, an air quality monitoring system prototype was developed considering the presence of air quality sensors in three different locations of a supposed smart city. Beyond the prototype implemented in NOP C++ framework 4.0, it was as well implemented in C++ and Java programming languages in order to compare them. The aim is to evaluate the performance of the NOP state of technics, which will help to identify the green potentials of NOP and also its applicability in a smart city context. Two air quality datasets collected from real-time sensors located in two different cities of different countries were used to evaluate the performance of the applications. The performance analysis shows that the NOP application outperformed the other two for both datasets in terms of execution time, memory usage, and energy consumption. Future works should consider the prototypical NOP programming language, the so-called NOP state of the art, that has better performance than the NOP C++ Framework 4.0 because its compiler generates low-level-like code.

Convergence of novel technologies with smart cities is evolving now. Specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI) by means of sensors and cameras is used to make sense of city data for multiple purposes. Recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown that cities worldwide try to use AI technology for assisting in decision making and see the impact of certain socio-economic measures of city authorities in connection to pandemic. This thesis is a Qualitative study of a Helsingborg city AI application project for temperature detection by means of thermal sensors located on Helsingborg, Sweden central station for anonymous measuring of people temperature. Specifically, this study aims to understand how aware are project team members of the ethical considerations in connection to AI application for health detection in smart city of Helsingborg, related decision making and how they perceive it.   Data was gathered by means of Qualitative interviews which were hold online. This study has shown that convergence of AI and a smart city raises important ethical questions and perceived by some respondents as possibility to change the attitude towards privacy if connected to crisis events such as pandemics. The case study shows that in the researched AI project project team members considered ethics in connection to AI in terms of technology, legal issues, open collaboration and open data sharing with citizens. At the same time this project is willing to challenge existing norms and drive forward the development of ethics in connection to AI usage in a smart city.

The topic of smart cities is growing in importance. However, a field study in the city of Malmö, Sweden shows that there is a discrepancy between the ongoing activities of urban planners and companies using analytical and digital tools to interpret humans’ behavior and preferences on the one hand, and the visibility of these developments in public spaces on the other. Citizens are affected by the invisible data and software not only when they use an application, but also when their living space is transformed. By Research through Design, this thesis examines ways of triggering discussion about smart city issues, which are hidden in software and code. In this thesis, a specific solution is developed: a public, tangible, and interactive visualization in the form of an interactive signpost. The final, partly functioning prototype is mountable in public places and points in the direction of the most beautiful walking path. The design refers to a smart city application that analyzes geo-tagged locative media and thereby predicts the beauty and security of a place.The aim is to trigger discussion about the contradictory issue of software interpreting the beauty of a place. Through its tangible, non-digital, and temporary character, the interactive representation encourages passers-by to interact with the prototype.

The rapid growth of E-commerce around the world has prompted related stakeholders to place a greater emphasis on automation. Catastrophes like pandemics are boosting the public demand for quick and efficient transportation, among others. Automated vehicle technologies are associated with the last-mile delivery operations that lead to improving sustainability and Smart Cities. In this context, Autonomous Vehicles are being explored as a viable urban logistics solution.This empirical thesis conducts a feasibility study to investigate the feasibility of incorporating an Autonomous Vehicle into E-commerce operations in Stockholm, Sweden. A case study is analyzed by foodora AB, a German company that operates as a distributor of food and goods in the Swedish market. The study provides a framework that depicts the issues faced by Q- commerce, Operational Planning, and Stakeholders, respectively when introducing Autonomous Vehicles. The results of the study’s qualitative and quantitative approach show that Stockholm's infrastructure is in line with the sustainability plans and is considered ready for droid operations. According to the findings, the utilization rate that is defined as the number of orders delivered per hour can be as high as 2.4 resulting in a high degree of customer satisfaction. However, regulations, classifications, weather conditions, and internet connectivity continue to be major challenges. Autonomous Vehicles must be included in legislative consideration as a mode of transportation in the future to facilitate operations and safety measures. / Den snabba tillväxten av e-handel runtom i världen har fått närstående intressenter att lägga större vikt vid automatisering. Katastrofer som pandemier ökar allmänhetens krav på bland annat snabba och effektiva transporter. Autonoma fordon är förknippade med ”last-mile” transporter av gods som leder till förbättrad hållbarhet och smarta städer. I detta sammanhang utforskas autonoma fordon som en livskraftig citylogistik-lösning.Denna empiriska avhandling genomför en genomförbarhetsstudie för att undersöka möjligheten att integrera ett autonomt fordon i e-handelsverksamheten i Stockholm, Sverige. I synnerhet analyseras en fallstudie av foodora AB, ett tyskt företag som är verksamma som distributör av matvaror på den svenska marknaden. Studien ger ett ramverk som visar de frågor som Q-handel, operativ planering respektive intressenter står inför vid ett införande av autonoma fordon. Resultaten av studiens kvalitativa och kvantitativa tillvägagångssätt visar att Stockholms infrastruktur är i linje med hållbarhetsplanerna och till synes redo för droid leveranser. Enligt resultaten kan utnyttjandegraden, definierad som antal utförda orderleveranser inom en timme, vara så hög som 2,4, vilket resulterar i en hög grad av kundtillfredsställelse. Regler, klassificeringar, väderförhållanden och internetanslutning är dock fortfarande stora utmaningar. Autonoma fordon måste tas med i lagstiftningen som ett transportmedel i framtiden för att underlätta drift och säkerhetsåtgärder.

The diploma thesis deals with the future smart district at Špitálka in Brno - Zábrdovice. The smart district will serve as a pilot territory to verify the goal setting from the vision for the #brno2050 strategy. One of the main motives is the activation of the territory by means of relevant interventions, which can start the development not only of this area, but can also have a positive impact on the entire locality. The aim of the diploma thesis is to contribute to the preparations for the revitalization of the city district and to outline possible alternatives for the phasing of development, the method of activating the territory and temporary use during the realization process. Further contribute to the discussion about cooperation public sector with private, community planning in our environment and the possibility of alternative project financing. The proposed tactics correspond to the local significance, are based on current values and lead to a sustainable urbanization process of an evolving urban environment. The work is analytically based on the current criteria of the urban environment generated by the investments of capitalist society. The proposal focuses on areas related to performative planning or an experimental form of so-called bottom-up planning and supports the principles of Smart City.