Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T14:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FariasJunior_JorgeFrancade_D.pdf: 2680577 bytes, checksum: 483c9c69e56662844d4a9bba3808042c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo, a partir da perspectiva pragmática, investigar a política de representação e a (co)construção da identidade social dos agentes representantes de práticas discursivas da cultura popular pernambucana (grupo indígena Xucuru e sua prática popular de toré; grupo Encanto das Caraíbas e sua prática popular de reisado; e grupo Raízes de Arcoverde e sua prática popular de samba de coco). Especificamente, analiso a representação das práticas discursivas dos agentes sociais dessa cultura popular por meio dos processos de referenciação, constituintes de estereótipos - ao observar a representação tanto a partir dos próprios discursos de seus agentes quanto pelos discursos que a mídia jornalística constrói para representá-los. Parto da hipótese de que a identidade social desses agentes é transformada politicamente e se (co)constrói pelos vários discursos em circularidade no interior de suas representações. Assumo o ponto de vista de Hall (2002) ao dizer que a identidade social não é algo inato, é imaginário e formado e transformado no interior da representação, ou seja, pelo modo como podemos identificar uma cultura local por meio das práticas discursivas expressas por essa cultura. A metodologia utilizada foi fundamentada a partir de pesquisas de campo e se constituiu pelos seguintes passos: i) observar apresentações de agentes sociais da cultura popular pernambucana a fim de analisar as práticas populares citadas acima; ii) observar e entrevistar os grupos representantes dessa cultura popular em seus lugares de origem: Pesqueira, Caraíbas e Arcoverde; iii) recolher material histórico que serviu de base para as composições dos agentes sociais da cultura popular em Pernambuco; e iv) recolher material da mídia ao representar os discursos de agentes sociais relacionados à cultura popular mencionada. Os dados do corpus podem ser descritos da seguinte forma: (i) as entrevistas feitas diretamente com os agentes representantes de práticas da cultura popular em Pernambuco; e (ii) entrevistas coletadas da Internet sobre os grupos populares citados. Após o estudo, é possível afirmar que a identidade social dos agentes representantes das práticas da cultura popular pernambucana é transformada social e politicamente e se (co)constrói na circularidade dos discursos que, por sua vez, se constituem linguisticamente pelos processos de referenciação - tanto destes próprios agentes sociais ao se representarem quanto por meio da mídia jornalística ao representá-los. Além disso, também é possível afirmar que os processos de referenciação componentes dos vários discursos reafirmam, legitimam e ressignificam estereótipos sobre os agentes sociais e as práticas populares estudadas. / Abstract: This research aims to investigate the political representation and the (co) construction of social identity from the pragmatic perspective, through the discoursive practices of the social agents of Pernambuco's popular culture manifestations (aboriginal tribe Xucuru and its popular manifestation of toré; community of Caraíbas and its popular manifestation of reisado; and Raízes de Arcoverde and its popular manifestation of coconut samba). The analysis focuses specifically on the discoursive practices of the social agent's political representation of the popular culture, through the analysis of the referentiation processes, which constitutes the stereotypes - when observing the representation of social agents of Pernambuco's popular culture manifestations through their own discoursive practices as well as the media's discoursive practices used to refer to them. Because of it, the hypothesis of this study is that the social identities of those social agents are socially and politically transformed and (co) constructed by their discoursive practices through the process of circulation in the political representation. In such a way, I assume as Hall (2002) that social identity is not something innate, imaginary, and it is formed and transformed inside the representation, in order to identify a local culture by means of expressing discoursive practices for this culture. To do this research, a field research methodology was used to collect the corpus and it was constituted by the following procedures: i) to observe the social agents' presentations of Pernambuco's popular culture in order to analyze the cultural manifestations cited above; II) to observe and to interview the representative popular groups of Pernambuco's popular culture in their places of origin: Pesqueira, Caraíbas, and Arcoverde; III) to collect historical material that was used as the basis for the composition of the social agents of Pernambuco's popular culture; and IV) to collect material from the media when representing the discourses related with social agents from Pernambuco's popular culture. The data of the corpus can be described through the following steps: (i) the interviews were made directly with the social agents of manifestations of Pernambuco's popular culture; and (II) the interviews about the abovementioned popular groups were collected on the Internet. The results suggest that the social identity of the social agents of Pernambuco's popular culture is transformed socially and politically and it is (co) constructed into the circularity process of the discoursive practices of the social agents when representing themselves by the referentiation processes as well as they are represented by the media's social agents. Moreover, it is also possible to conclude that the referentiation processes used in both discoursive practices make evident the legitimation of stereotypes on the social agents and the popular manifestations studied. / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T12:17:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 igordesouzarodrigues.pdf: 2477010 bytes, checksum: 7b65c23ed5e7ae025ee01517b70d513d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T16:33:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 igordesouzarodrigues.pdf: 2477010 bytes, checksum: 7b65c23ed5e7ae025ee01517b70d513d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T16:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 igordesouzarodrigues.pdf: 2477010 bytes, checksum: 7b65c23ed5e7ae025ee01517b70d513d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a questão da identidade do morador de rua a partir da produção simbólica e de sua vinculação à estrutura social, demonstrando como essa constituição está incrustada nas ideologias neoliberais e nos processos de controle e dominação, por exemplo, na transformação da necessidade em escolha, denominada aqui “mito da escolha masoquista”. Nesse sentido, busca-se desconstruir algumas ideologias, que inclusive perpassam a constituição dessa identidade e da formação desses indivíduos, como a “invisibilidade” do morador de rua, a redução do problema a uma dimensão meramente econômica, expressa na classificação “sem-teto”, e a forma policialesca com que são percebidos. Discute-se também como a mão de obra do lumpem se transformou de exército reserva dos empregos fabris em um trabalho autônomo-dependente, não reconhecido sequer como trabalho. A questão principal é a de entender como ser “morador de rua” indica muito mais do que o local onde se dorme, assumindo uma localização em referência ao trabalho, familiar e moral do indivíduo, o que acaba se refletindo no meio acadêmico e em políticas institucionais, dentre elas as formas higienista, domesticadora e piedosa de perceber e atentar para os moradores de rua. / This study aims to discuss the question of the identity of the homeless from the symbolic production and their relation to the social structure, demonstrating how this constitution is embedded in the neoliberal ideologies and processes of control and domination, for example, the transformation of need for choice, called here the "myth of masochistic choice." In this sense, we seek to deconstruct some ideologies that permeate even the constitution of this identity and training of these individuals, as the "invisibility" of the homeless, reducing the problem to a purely economic dimension, expressed in the rating "homeless "policing and the way they are perceived. We also discuss how the hand labor of lumpem became army reserve of factory jobs in a selfdependent work, not even recognized as work. The main issue is to understand how to be "homeless" means much more than the place where you sleep, assuming a location in reference to the work, family and morality of the individual, which ends up being reflected in the academic and policy institutional, among them the hygienist forms, domesticating and pious to notice and pay attention to the homeless.

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e etnográfica a respeito das formas de socialidade dos Chiquitano, grupo indígena da família lingüística Chiquitano que habita a região da fronteira mato-grossense com a Bolívia. Mesmo com uma expressiva população em território brasileiro, de cerca de 2.000 indivíduos, apenas recentemente esses índios foram reconhecidos pelo órgão indigenista oficial por ocasião de uma perícia realizada em suas terras. Com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica apoiada no levantamento das fontes documentais de origens diversas sobre a longa história de contato, que remonta ao século XVI, é aqui efetuada uma análise que possibilita mapear certas características dos contatos dos Chiquitano com as populações vizinhas, ao mesmo tempo em que procura circunscrever um conjunto de denominações atribuídas a eles ao longo destes anos. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica de campo é efetuada uma descrição da constituição dos grupos locais denominados de Fazendinha, de Vila Nova e de Santa Luzia, em especial quanto às relações de parentesco, de casamento e de compadrio, com enfoque no modo de inserção de estrangeiros ao grupo. Do mesmo modo, o xamanismo e a escola são estudados com o objetivo de refletir sobre os espaços de abertura para o outro, integrando aspectos sociológicos e cosmológicos de um grupo ainda pouco conhecido pela Etnologia Brasileira. / This study presents a reflection based on bibliographic and ethnographic research into the forms of sociality of the Chiquitano, an indigenous group of the Chiquitano linguistic family that inhabits the border region of the Brazilian state Mato Grosso with Bolivia. Despite having a substantial population in Brazilian territory, of around 2,000 individuals, only recently were these Indians recognised by the official agency for indigenous peoples following an investigation performed on their land. Based on bibliographic research of documental sources of various origins about the long history of contact with the group, dating back to the 16th century, an analysis is carried out to enable the mapping of certain characteristics of the contacts between the Chiquitano and the neighbouring populations. At the same time the study attempts to determine a set of denominations attributed to the group throughout these years. Based on ethnographic field research a description is made of the constitution of the local groups named Fazendinha, Vila Nova and Santa Luiza, especially as regards relations of kinship, marriage and companionship, focused on the form of inserting outsiders into the group. Similarly, the shamanism and the school are studied in order to draw conclusions about the spaces of access to the other, integrating sociological and cosmological aspects of a group which remains largely unknown by Brazilian Ethnology.

A growing body of research points to the value of multiple group memberships for individual well-being. However, much of this work considers group memberships very broadly and in terms of number alone, and in so doing, advances an argument that when it comes to group memberships, more is better. We conducted five studies to delve further into this idea. Specifically, across these studies we considered how different features of groups may impact on how group memberships combine with one another and affect individual well-being. In two correlational studies, we found that multiple group membership indeed contributed to well-being, but also that this effect was moderated by the distinctiveness of those groups within the overall self-concept (Study 1), and by the social value and visibility of individual group memberships (i.e., stigma; Study 2). In both studies, these effects were mediated by perceived access to social support and by the reported ability to engage in identity expression (i.e., to communicate to others who one “really is”). Across another three studies we experimentally demonstrated that multiple group membership increased well-being and resilience to stress (Study 3 and 4), but only when the given groups were perceived as compatible in nature (Study 3 and 5). Together, these studies suggest that the benefits of multiple group membership depend on factors that go beyond their sheer number. Indeed, the content and social meaning of group memberships, individually and in combination, and the way in which these features guide self-expression and social action, determine whether multiple group memberships are a benefit or a burden for individual well-being and resilience.

Att kunna socialt identifiera sig med sin arbetsgrupp är för många förenat med välmående och trygghet på arbetsplatsen men även som något viktigt för gruppens dynamik. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för kvinnors upplevda hinder och möjligheter att kunna socialt identifiera sig med arbetsgruppen på en mansdominerad arbetsplats och på så sätt skapa förståelse för kvinnors subjektiva upplevelser. Tio kvinnor som arbetar på mansdominerade arbetsplatser har intervjuats. Kvalitativ metod har använts tillsammans med Tematisk Analys som analysmetod. Studien har kommit fram till att kvinnor upplever fler hinder (t.ex diskriminering och bristande förtroende) än möjligheter att kunna socialt identifiera sig med sin arbetsgrupp på en mansdominerad arbetsplats. Ju fler kvinnor det finns på arbetsplatsen desto lättare är det att socialt identifiera sig med arbetsgruppen.

The literature on depression is dominated by theories which focus on individualistic variables, including biological differences, personality, and individual cognition. Whilst the importance of social variables for depression risk and recovery has also been recognised, there has been a notable absence of a unifying theory explaining, how, when, and why they might impact on depression. In recent years, the Social Identity Approach (SIA) - a theoretical framework with roots in social psychology - has been used to provide a new understanding of the role of group processes in depression. The aim of this thesis was to add to a growing body of evidence in support of the SIA to depression by replicating previous findings using a sample, who on average, scored high on a measure of depression symptomology, and by identifying additional mediators of the relationship between social identity processes and depression. Specifically, it was theorised that optimism - a personality variable associated with depression, but traditionally conceptualised as a fixed trait - would vary along with group memberships and mediate the effect of social identity processes on depression. Participants who had experienced depression (N = 288) completed an online survey. It was found that in support of previous research, an increase in group involvement predicted lower depression scores. However, this relationship was mediated by increased optimism. Similarly, identifying more strongly with a specific group predicted depression indirectly through an increase in perceived social support, and increased optimism. For a sub-sample of participants with experience of psychological therapy (N = 135), the negative association between a good therapeutic alliance and depression was serially mediated by increased identification with the therapist, internalisation of the therapist identity between sessions, and increased optimism. The extent to which the therapist was perceived as prototypical of therapists in general also indirectly reduced depression via increased identification with the therapist category, and increased optimism. These findings are discussed in relation to the further development of the social identity approach to depression, with consideration of their implications for onset, maintenance and recovery.

In response to the scarcity of biblical scholarship analysing the function of the Hebrew Bible’s exodus stories as persuasive communication, this dissertation investigates how these mnemonically dense stories were capable of creating and maintaining a long-term collective identity for ancient Israel. A narrative approach is selected in keeping with this intent, and the primary exodus story (Exod 1:1–15:21) and the 18 retold exodus stories found in the Hebrew Bible are identified as the focus of research. Since the tools used for analysing the narratives of non-fictional peoples need not be limited to those used for analysing literary fiction, a methodological tool—based on the principles of the social identity approach (SIA)—is developed and outlined to assist in exposing identity construction at a rhetorical level. Using the SIA heuristic tool, rhetorical formulations of identity—cognitive, evaluative, emotional, behavioural and temporal—like those occurring in face-to-face relationships, are identified in the exodus stories. These formulations make certain identity claims upon their hearers. A shared experience of oppression and deliverance is represented as the significant feature defining group membership in Israel. The literary portrayal of nine of the eighteen retold exodus stories in a setting just after the death of the adult exodus generation, asserts the importance of the appropriation of the story by a purportedly new generation. Likewise, exodus narratives with a literary setting in every major socio-cultural transition in Israel’s larger story portray Israel’s rehearsal of and participation in exodus as central and essential to her ongoing collective identity. Possible social identities offered to Israel include the temporal expansion of this ingroup based on the retelling and reappropriation of exodus and the “othering” of Israel based on non-compliance. Pre-exodus narratives are noted to have been shaped so as to include the patriarchs in “the people whom God brought out of Egypt.” Plurivocal retold exodus stories also reflects the recasting of narratives to fit identities so that, anachronistically, post-exodus members may also be included in “the people whom God brought out of Egypt.” This points to the revision and reuse of exodus narratives rather than to their unilinear development. Apart from any speculation on the historical motives of their producers, the identity-forming potential of exodus narratives characterized by the well-established, recognizable language of social identity is identified. The newly developed heuristic tool used in this analysis is its most significant contribution. It makes visible the nascent social identity language and concepts implicitly noted by prior scholarship, places them within the larger validating theoretical framework of the SIA and systematically identifies the specific persuasive elements and integrating qualities of exodus narratives.

Social media is connecting individuals all over the world, where the power of interaction and information sharing has shifted from companies to consumers. Since companies now have a harder time reaching out to consumers, social media influencers have been used as a solution to influence the purchase decisions of consumers and thereby drive purchases. However, while social media influencers are said to have an impact on the purchase decisions of consumers, less is actually known about the influence on all stages of the purchase decision process. As the purchase decision is not solely based on its own but rather follows from a series of steps, also called the purchase decision process, more research based on this area is of importance. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore how consumers perceive the influence of social media influencers during the different stages of the purchase decision process. In order to gather consumers’ perceptions about the influence of social media influencers, a qualitative study has been conducted where thoughts and experiences of participants have been studied. The findings of this study show that social media influencers ability to provide content, expertise, attractiveness, social identity and trust shows evidence of how the influence of social media influencers play an important role in each and every stage of the purchase decision process of consumers. The implications of this thesis is that the study could be of use to companies who seek to engage in influencer marketing and want to better understand how social media influencers affect consumers. The original value of the study is that it acknowledges how the influence of social media influencers affects all stages of the purchase decision process, as no previous study has explored this context.

The transition to a care home can be a difficult experience for older people, with various changes and losses, which can impact an older person’s sense of identity. However, it is not clear how older people perceive and manage their sense of identity within a care home, particularly in the United Kingdom. This study aimed to explore how the transition to a care home impacted on the identities of care home residents, and how they addressed this impact. Findings were interpreted using the Social Identity Perspective (SIP), which postulates that people strive to maintain a positive identity. Identities are composed of a personal identity (relating to personality traits), and a social identity (relating to group membership). SIP can help to interpret the symbolic nature of interactions and experiences, although to date has been infrequently used in care home based research. This study used a case study approach with qualitative methods. Cases of three care homes were purposefully sampled within Greater Manchester. Residents, relatives, and care home staff were asked to participate. Semi-structured interviews with 18 participants (nine residents; four relatives; five staff), and approximately 260 hours of observations were conducted over one year. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Results revealed five overlapping themes: 1) Social comparison; 2) Frustration; 3) Independence and autonomy; 4) Personal identity vs. Care home; 5) Ageing and Changing. Overall, the transition to a care home had a negative effect on residents’ identities, due to organisational restrictions and associations with cognitively impaired older people. In order to forge a positive identity, residents without dementia aimed to distance themselves from residents with dementia, whom they perceived negatively. To achieve this distance, residents without dementia engaged in social comparison, by emphasising their comparatively superior cognitive abilities and physical independence. Symptomatic behaviours of residents with dementia also caused frustrations amongst staff and other residents. Furthermore, differing expectations of the care environment caused frustrations between residents, relatives, and staff. Most routines and restrictions made it difficult for residents to express their personalities. Although staff aimed to incorporate residents’ individuality into care, they often reported feeling restricted by a lack of staffing and resources. Additionally, residents considered the physical impact of ageing to alter their established sense of identity. However, the care home further undermined residents’ identities, particularly in relation to their independence and autonomy, which were important elements of their personal identities. Residents’ perceptions of what counted as independence changed in light of their declining physical abilities and what they were allowed to do within the care home, in order to maintain this element of their identities. Findings indicated that the care homes would benefit from more resources to organise more meaningful activities for residents. However, small changes to routines, such as allowing ‘duvet days’, also helped to support residents’ identities. Recommendations for practice include the introduction of an ‘identity champion’ to provide guidance and support on how care home staff could make identity-relevant changes.

Gamingindustrien är idag en verksamhet som årligen omsätter flera miljarder kronor. Forskning har indikerat att dess utövare, så kallade gamers, betraktar karaktärerna i spelen som mindre könsstereotypa än de som inte spelar (Gillentine 2007). Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka huruvida gamers faktiskt skattade könsstereotypa karaktärer som mindre stereotypa än icke-gamers. En förstudie gjordes utifrån vars resultat fem karaktärer valdes ut som exempel på könsstereotypa karaktärer. I en enkät skattade sedan 134 deltagare graden av könsstereotypi för dessa samt ett antal icke-stereotypa karaktärer. Vidare fick respondenterna, utöver att svara på frågor hämtade från Videogame Experience Survey (Terlecki & Newcombe, 2005), även skatta sin inställning till negativ forskning om gamers. Resultatet visade på en signifikant korrelation mellan en identifikation som gamer och att dessa gav en lägre skattning av könsstereotypi hos stereotypa karaktärer. Dock visade sig kön vara en lika stor prediktor då kvinnor i högre grad än män skattade karaktärerna som mer stereotyp. Utifrån Social Identity Theory och Banduras Social Learning Theory diskuterade studien möjligheten att skillnaderna mellan gamers och de som inte identifierar sig som gamers beror på kombinerade effekter av gamers identitetsbildning och vilja att försvara denna, samt subkulturens och spelens normalisering av könsstereotypier. Mot bakgrund av denna studie skulle det i framtiden vara av intresse att studera effekten gaming har på kvinnliga gamers och om de faktiskt blir mer accepterande gentemot könsstereotyper i videospel. / Today, gaming is an industry which has a turnover of several billion SEK. Research has shown that people who play videogames, so called gamers, see the characters as being less stereotypical than people who do not game (Gillentine 2007). The aim of the paper was therefore to see whether gamers truly did consider stereotypical characters as less stereotypical than non-gamers did. Five gender stereotypical characters were chosen as examples by conducting a pilot study. Using a survey, 134 participants graded the characters as more or less stereotypical. Besides answering the questions taken from Videogame Experience Survey (Terlecki & Newcombe, 2005), the participants were further asked to grade their own attitudes towards negative research done on gaming. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between identifying oneself as a gamer and a lower grading of gender stereotypicality of the stereotypical characters. However, gender turned out to be an equal indicator, as women in a larger extent than men graded the characters as more stereotypical. From the point of view of Social Identity Theory and Banduras Social Learning Theory it is possible to view the difference between gamers and non-gamers is based on a combination of two things; the gamers identity formation and the need to defend it, and the games normalisation of gender stereotypes. In light of this study, it would be interesting to further look at the effects gaming has on female gamers and whether they truly do become more accepting towards gender stereotypes in video games.