Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estevam Cesar Silva.pdf: 1866758 bytes, checksum: 2821bf7288288157803b0b38b03b6c68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The question of income is confirmed as a means of survival, which in its full manifestation is established by consumption. An income that can be obtained for work done and paid, the transfer and redistribution between social classes and the credit granted in anticipation of the value of future income. Experiments on redistribution and income transfers provide the recipient's claim of his involvement in the consumption of goods and services provided by the reigning model, suggesting their integration into society. These individuals need skill and practice in the consumer world, lacking fitness and preparation for the models of social life in order to meet the expectations of the capitalist system for training new users. How goal to be reached indicates the attribute of belonging, suggesting that this insertion in society takes place through access to goods and services. This introduction to the first system meets the aspiration of the current economic and financial system for the formation of "entrepreneurs", starting from the appropriation of the reality of the individual and their individualized needs that are constructed and emerge as essential to survival. Governments, pressured to meet the growing mass of people excluded from the process of economic and financial training, create a precondition for this endowment giving values of "minimum income" for the survival of the individual. The receipt of securities, planned and monitored, introduces this individual in solo practice for the use of current resources - bank cards, electronic passwords, etc - with disciplined and controlled counterparts focused on education and health becoming essential for maintenance of his life. This practice serves as a stimulus to these "beneficiaries" promoting the activity of consumption. Is formed, then the individual's culture and this income is established consecutively to the proposed transfer for redistribution. The following condition is to grant credit in small amounts pursuing the concepts of previous practice as' disciplinarian and educators of conscious consumption. " It is the precondition of preparing individuals for entry into the consumer with the prospect of membership in a social life using the tools of microfinance, such as micro-oriented and production, training of entrepreneurs and micro-entrepreneurs from the current term economic and financial. The issue of income contained in programs to reduce poverty through income redistribution by the transfer, such as Bolsa Familia, and microcredit People's Bank, as government policy for granting credit in small amounts in their proposals seek preliminary training of entrepreneurs sites. We seek to assess what impact the program has the credit offered by the People's Bank of Sorocaba, São Paulo, which acts in anticipation of future income for the applicants, and to study the proposed link of continuity, announced by the federal government to harness the redistribution program income to lending. The first hypothesis seeks to elucidate the question of deprivation of basic capabilities of the individual by the lack of income as a factor to remain in subordinate social status and confirmed that condition subordinate it down in place (locus) where people live and conduct giving continue the social reproduction of poverty. The second hypothesis track the path of deconstruction of the forms of income obtained by the work that brought many people of their abilities, contributing to informality in the working world and perpetuating conditions of dependence and subordination, exclusion and poverty / A questão da renda confirma-se como meio de sobrevivência, que na sua plena manifestação se estabelece pelo consumo. Uma renda que pode ser obtida pelo trabalho realizado e remunerado; pela redistribuição e transferência entre classes sociais e pelo crédito concedido como valor de antecipação de renda futura. As experiências sobre redistribuição e transferência de renda proporcionam ao beneficiário a pretensão de sua participação no mundo do consumo, de bens e serviços ofertados pelo modelo reinante, sugerindo sua inserção na sociedade. Estes indivíduos necessitam de habilidade e prática no mundo do consumo, carecendo de preparo e adequação para os modelos de vida social, de forma a atender as expectativas do sistema capitalista para formação de novos consumidores. Como horizonte a ser alcançado sinaliza-se o atributo do pertencimento, sugerindo que a inserção na vida em sociedade se realiza pelo acesso a bens e serviços. Esta introdução ao sistema atende primeiramente a aspiração do atual sistema econômico e financeiro para a formação de empreendedores , iniciando-se a partir da apropriação da realidade do individuo e das suas necessidades particularizadas que se constroem e emergem como essenciais à sobrevivência. Os governos, pressionados para o atendimento da crescente massa de pessoas excluídas do processo de formação econômico-financeiro, criam a condição preliminar para esta investidura concedendo valores de renda mínima para a sobrevivência do individuo. O recebimento de valores, programado e monitorado, introduz as pessoas na prática individual da utilização dos meios para acessar os atuais recursos financeiros - cartões de banco, senhas eletrônicas, etc - com contrapartidas disciplinadoras e controladoras focadas nas áreas da educação e saúde transformando-se em essenciais para a manutenção de sua vida. Esta prática atua como estímulo a esses beneficiários fomentando a atividade do consumo. Forma-se, então, no individuo a cultura da renda e esta se estabelece consecutivamente à proposta de transferência por redistribuição. A condição seguinte é a concessão do crédito em pequenos valores prosseguindo nos conceitos da prática anterior como disciplinadores e educadores do consumo consciente . É a condição preliminar de preparação dos indivíduos para a inserção no mundo do consumo com a perspectiva de pertencimento na vida social utilizando uma das ferramentas das microfinanças, como o microcrédito orientado e produtivo, para a formação de empreendedores e micro-empreendedores a partir do atual conceito econômico-financeiro. A questão da renda contida nos programas de redução da pobreza com redistribuição de renda pela transferência, a exemplo o Bolsa Família, e o microcrédito do Banco do Povo, como política governamental de concessão de crédito em pequenos valores visam em suas propostas preliminares a formação de empreendedores locais. Este trabalho busca avaliar qual o impacto alcançado pelo programa de concessão de crédito ofertado pelo Banco do Povo de Sorocaba, São Paulo, que atua antecipando a renda futura para os pretendentes, e estudar a proposta de relação de continuidade, anunciada pelo governo federal para atrelar o programa de redistribuição de renda ao de concessão de crédito. A primeira hipótese busca elucidar a questão da privação das capacidades básicas do individuo através da ausência de renda como fator de permanência na condição de subalternidade social e se, confirmada essa condição subalterna, ela se estabelece no local (lócus) onde as pessoas vivem e se realizam dando continuidade à reprodução social da pobreza. A segunda hipótese trilha o caminho da desconstrução das formas de renda obtidas pelo trabalho que destituiu muitos indivíduos de suas capacidades, contribuindo para a informalidade no mundo do trabalho e perpetuando condições de dependência e subordinação, exclusão e pobreza

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na Arqueologia, em especial acerca do papel do Turismo como disciplina útil e interessante para fomentar uma reflexão sobre projetos que visem a uma Arqueologia descolonizante e cumpridora de seu papel social. Neste estudo, outras duas disciplinas se mostram importantes, a saber, a Antropologia e a Museologia. A partir de exemplos internacionais que propiciam elementos para incrementar o debate sobre como o Turismo Arqueológico vem sendo pensado em outras realidades, realiza-se aqui uma breve análise acerca de atrativos arqueológicos nacionais desenvolvidos para o Turismo Convencional brasileiro. Essas discussões permeiam três estudos de caso em que o Turismo inserido em projetos de Arqueologia foi propulsor de reflexões sobre os bens patrimoniais, dando ensejo a possibilidades de sustentabilidade e inclusão social para as comunidades envolvidas / The present work aims to ponder on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in Archaeology, in particular on the role of Tourism as an useful e interesting discipline to stimulate reflections about projects with the aim of a decolonizing Archaeology which is aware of its social role. In the study carried out in this thesis other two disciplines are important, namely Anthropology e Museology. From international examples that provide elements to instigate a debate over how Archaeological Tourism has been understood in other realities, here is presented a brief analysis of archaeological attractions developed for the national archaeological Conventional Tourism in Brazil. These discussions permeate three case studies in which Tourism, inserted in archaeological projects spurred reflections about patrimonial property, creating opportunities of sustainability e social inclusion for the communities involved

In this qualitative study, the social construct of community citizenship as perceived in the worldviews of adults with developmental disabilities living in a large eastern city was explored. While authors report government-sponsored institutionalization and custodial care is no longer as common, the voices of people with developmental disabilities are still to be heard on what they think about being participating members of their communities rather than segregated as they once were. This study provided a group of adults with developmental disabilities an opportunity to help others better understand their thoughts about belonging. A combined case study and photovoice research approach was used in the study. Five adult participants were supplied with cameras with which to take photographs of what they felt best represented their interpretation of belonging and community citizenship. Each was later interviewed to provide descriptions of their pictures. The data were then evaluated with the assistance of qualitative analysis software to determine themes. The findings indicated the participants placed high personal value on gainful employment and expressions of respect from others. In keeping with Maslow's hierarchy of needs thesis as well as the self-actualization and self-determination theories, a sense of belonging is vital to emotional health and well-being. The results of this study contribute to social change by affirming what participants communicated "an inclusive community is one that promotes and provides equitable opportunities for employment, respect, decision-making, and participation."

This study employed qualitative research methodology informed by the grounded theory tradition to explore good practice and optimal services for young people presenting with complex care needs associated with challenging or high risk behaviour. In-depth interviews were conducted in three waves of data collection and analysis with fourteen experienced practitioners whose careers have included sustained periods of work with this group in a number of selected Victorian service systems. The principal vantage point was the interface between the supported accommodation and assistance programs for homeless young people, statutory child protection and care, placement and support programs for young people at risk and juvenile justice programs for young offenders. The nature of the problem necessarily included some consideration of mental health and services dealing with substance abuse. The findings propose a view of good practice giving emphasis to the accessible and assertive presence of a responsible adult to �be there� fostering relationships and skilled purposive intervention. Intervention should be planned, holistic, sensitive and responsive to particular needs. It provides active unconditional care. It attends to attachment and trauma concerns and works with short run goals and a long term perspective. Intervention is sustained until constructive disengagement can occur. The complexity and challenge in the task of helping hurt youth warrants the support, strength and guidance of a multi-skilled team. Ideally the team will be described using normative terms. Optimal services are timely, congruent, seamless and robust in capacity to nurture, establish boundaries and meet developmental and therapeutic requirements. They should be connected to a community and there for as long as it takes, with ready access to suitable accommodation, purchasing power and flexibility of operation. To the greatest extent possible solutions are generated in the place where help is sought. Voluntary service commitment lasts till personal capacity and natural networks take over.

This thesis explores the meaning of wellbeing for children with a disability in New Zealand, an area of social policy that has been largely unexamined. Focusing on the school environment, three questions are addressed: What does wellbeing mean for children with a disability? What factors influence it? Are current policy frameworks which address child wellbeing relevant to the wellbeing of children with a disability? The research involved qualitative data collection from nine purposively selected participants: children with a disability, their parents and key informants involved in service provision and policy development. A critical review of international and national literature on definitions of wellbeing and disability, and on existing data sources, is followed by a socio-demographic profile of children with a disability in New Zealand. Qualitative findings are interpreted in relation to current New Zealand social policy initiatives and frameworks - New Zealand's Agenda for Children, the Whole Child Approach and the Key Settings Model - as well as the theoretical perspectives of social solidarity, wellbeing, the ecological theory of human development and discourses of disability. Findings indicate that the concept of wellbeing as applied to all New Zealand children is also relevant to children with a disability. The difference however, lies in the factors which ultimately influence whether the various dimensions of wellbeing will actually be experienced by children with a disability. For these children, communication as a dimension of wellbeing for example, is influenced by language skill acquisition, which in turn depends upon allocation of appropriate and adequate resourcing of the child's learning environment. The conclusion drawn is that policy frameworks, principles and social indicators addressing child wellbeing, are inconsistently applied with regard to children with a disability. New Zealand's Agenda for Children which promotes an ecological approach to child wellbeing would benefit from further adaptation to reflect the needs of this specific child population. The notion of wellbeing for children with a disability needs further development for the purpose of knowledge building, and to ensure clearer articulation between processes of policy development, service provision, and resource allocation.

<p>The essay aims to highlight the newly arrived immigrant students’ experience of social integration and social security in the Swedish school system, which is important for their further language and learning development. This essay aims to see it from the student's perspective. The main question in this essay is: What factors seem to matter the most for the newly arrived immigrant students in their language and learning skills, and what does the students themselves think about the issue? The study is based on a qualitative research method in the form of interviews and observations conducted in a multicultural school for a period of two weeks. Three newly-arrived students are in this essay being observed while they are attending between two different classrooms: the so-called preparation classroom and the ordinary classroom. This essay aims to highlight a newly arrived student's development from a socio-cultural perspective. The results show that the newly arrived students felt more emotionally secure while attending the preparation classrooms, and while attending the ordinary classrooms they felt more inadequate.</p>

geography, where segregation and social exclusion of neighbourhoods and marginalised groups are mounting problems. Concurrently, globalisation and structural changes have altered the conditions for the national state and the public sector as well as for other actors. Previous efforts to decrease social inequalities have failed to achieve sufficient results. Today, promoting social inclusion and integration is a top priority on the political agenda and calls for innovative interventions. These changes in society have resulted in new constellations of collaboration, crosscutting sectors and borders in which various actors work towards collective goals. Many of the issues and subsequent responsibility that once belonged to the public sector are now handled through interplay between private and public actors in so-called governance arrangements. The thesis discusses if governance arrangements where new actors engage to promote social inclusion and integration can be more effective than traditional efforts. To reach satisfactory results, the relations between involved actors need to be solid and trustworthy, and the perspective of benefit must be long-term. In this respect, social capital is a central theory as it focuses on social relations between people, and emphasises networks, trust and reciprocal norms as important foundations for such relations. The aim of the thesis is to rethink strategies to promote social inclusion and integration by providing a theoretical discussion about value-creation. An assumption analyzed is that in situations where power and other resources are unevenly distributed, all parties involved can benefit by trustful cooperation. The ambition is to critically examine the concepts of governance and social capital, and to discuss their possibilities and shortcomings related to the value-creating processes. The usefulness and capacity of the theoretical framework is tested by analysing two unconventional approaches to promote social inclusion and societal integration, carried out by a public housing company in Malmö. / QC 20101018

The essay aims to highlight the newly arrived immigrant students’ experience of social integration and social security in the Swedish school system, which is important for their further language and learning development. This essay aims to see it from the student's perspective. The main question in this essay is: What factors seem to matter the most for the newly arrived immigrant students in their language and learning skills, and what does the students themselves think about the issue? The study is based on a qualitative research method in the form of interviews and observations conducted in a multicultural school for a period of two weeks. Three newly-arrived students are in this essay being observed while they are attending between two different classrooms: the so-called preparation classroom and the ordinary classroom. This essay aims to highlight a newly arrived student's development from a socio-cultural perspective. The results show that the newly arrived students felt more emotionally secure while attending the preparation classrooms, and while attending the ordinary classrooms they felt more inadequate.

<p>Internationally, the rights of persons with disabilities to participate as full members of society through inclusive education has become a high priority with the adoption of the first legally binding treaty, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). In keeping with our culture of acknowledging the rights of all, South Africa has already made great strides towards fulfilling these rights and is in the implementation phase of Education White Paper 6: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System (Department of Education, 2001). In spite of this, the practicability of implementing inclusive education is questioned by many. The inclusion of learners who are blind in neighbourhood schools, as opposed to &lsquo / special schools&rsquo / , is a particularly daunting task. However, the more local cases we have from which to draw insights, the better our chances of making inclusive education both practicable and widely accessible across a range of local contexts. A public, mainstream neighbourhood school that included two learners who are blind was therefore investigated to learn more about how the learners who are blind were physically, socially and academically included in the local school community. Qualitative data collection methods including semi-structured interviews and observations were used to uncover useful strategies, challenges and enabling factors that contributed to their successful inclusion. The findings revealed that the participants in this study had very little knowledge or experience in building an inclusive educational setting at the outset, but engaged in the process with open minds, creativity and trust. By adopting a collaborative approach and an attitude of &lsquo / failing forward&rsquo / , the objective of social and academic inclusion was to a great extent achieved in the school.</p>

The thesis puts forward the problematic situation in the very urban center of Ankara with an analytical method to investigate the roots of several problems. Building its argument on historical facts, in depth observations, and political, social, and urban analysis, it proposes a rational basis for the rehabilitation of 19 Mayis Sports District, mainly focusing on the means of elevating the physical quality through the capacity of social inclusion concerning the sports activity settings and places in the region. All in all, the basic argument stands on the belief that the spatial basis of the 19 Mayis Sports District and the neighboring urban tissue around it might be re-defined and rehabilitated, if only its historical, political, ideological, and socio-cultural bases are redefined. Therefore, the study searches for rehabilitation of the 19 Mayis Sports District in Ulus, Ankara, by adapting and integrating sports with other cultural collective practices, and defining it as an alternative life-style for citizens. Because the district lays on the second division of Atat&uuml / rk Culture Center Region, a sports culture and its policy should be defined and designed for to amend that division of the region by preparing a principal master plan for the region and for the division.