Nowadays the service industry is heavily influenced by a commercialization of theemployees' feelings. In order to gain loyal customers the employees have to be complaisantand accomplish a good relationship with the customers. If the employees are having a badday or are in a bad mood they therefore need to perform emotional labour to be able toexpress the expected feelings related to the service industry. The purpose of this study is tocontribute with knowledge about how the performance of emotional labour work influencesyoung female store employees' private social relations. We also aim to provide anunderstanding of to what extent emotional labour is performed and which other aspects maybe relevant regarding emotional labour. The results of this study is based on qualitativeinterviews with young female store employees, who are working or in the recent months haveworked with service within the retail industry. The theoretical framework consists of ErvingGoffman’s theory of The dramaturgical perspective along with Arlie Hochschild’s conceptsof feeling rules, emotional work and emotional labour . The results of the study showed thatthe interviewees perform emotional labour with surface acting more often than deep acting.What is also demonstrated in the results is that interactions with customers matters for theinterviewees’ mood and energy in their private life. The final conclusion of this study is thatmost of the interviewees, more or less are experiencing emotional labour to affect theirprivate social relations. / Inom servicebranschen har en förändring skett i att butiksanställdas känslor har blivitkommersialiserade. Att vara trevlig och få kunden att känna sig uppskattad ses som en viktigdel av marknadsföringen ur ett konkurrensperspektiv. Om de butiksanställda har en dålig dageller är på dåligt humör behöver de utföra ett emotionellt lönearbete för att kunna leva upp tillförväntningarna som finns på deras känslor. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskapom vilken betydelse det emotionella lönearbetet har för unga butiksanställda kvinnors socialarelationer utanför arbetet. Intentionen är även att bidra med en förståelse för hur emotionelltlönearbete kommer till uttryck och vilka aspekter som kan vara av betydelse för utförandet avdet emotionella lönearbetet. Studiens resultat grundar sig i kvalitativa intervjuer med ungabutiksanställda kvinnor som arbetar eller har arbetat med service inom handelsbranschen. Detteoretiska ramverket utgörs av Erving Goffmans teori Det dramaturgiska perspektivet , samtArlie Hochschilds teori om känsloregler, emotionellt arbete och emotionellt lönearbete .Resultaten av studien visar att intervjupersonerna utför ytagerande oftare än de utfördjupagerande. Studien visar även att interaktioner med kunder är av betydelse förintervjupersonernas humör och energi i privatlivet. Slutligen visar resultatet att detemotionella lönearbetet upplevs mer eller mindre ha påverkat de flesta intervjupersonernassociala relationerna efter arbetstid.

In this study, the social experiences of a young adult growing up as an only-child were explored. A single case study with a female only-child, 23 years of age was used to elicit the themes related to these social experiences. The conceptual framework utilised for this study included the concepts of social identity, social relations and social learning, which incorporated the various social agents and contexts explored in this study. Data was generated through multiple sessions, which consisted of the participant’s life story, people and places maps, as well as unstructured and semi-structured interviews. In addition, field notes and observations were recorded in a reflective journal. The data was analysed and interpreted through thematic analysis, which involved an in-depth selection of themes evident in the participant’s written and verbal expressions. The results of the study were presented in the form of themes, subthemes and categories depicting the social experiences of the participant. The primary themes that seemed to have influenced the social experiences of the participant were her relationships (specifically that with her primary caregivers) and her experiences (attached to these relationships). This study yielded an additional category, which can be seen as contributing to the literature on the social experiences of only-children. This category focused on the cultural influences of the participants’ family, which seemed to be significant in shaping her identity. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The thesis responds to recent changes in the hinterland of our bigger cities arising from the process of residential suburbanization. Townships in the immediate vicinity of Prague, which often suffered from a population decline and overall stagnation under socialism, have seen a rapid increase in the number of people coming from the city. The aim of this case study is to examine the nature of social relationships between old- time residents and newcomers in Nučice, a village in the Prague West district. The study combines a questionnaire survey with semi-structured interviews and on-site observation. I have looked at the socio-demographic differences between the two groups, differences in their social status and integration and community activities based on Chapin's behavioural typology on site. I have found out that on average, new residents are younger, better educated and with a higher income than the original population. At the same time, they bring a different lifestyle to the countryside, with different attitudes and opinions. The differences between the natives and the newly-arrived population make their integration more difficult and their social relationships remain largely undeveloped.

This thesis investigates Afghan female immigrants’ experiences of their adaptation process in Sweden. It also examines whether gender identity alters among these Afghan women. The study was conducted through a qualitative research approach based on six semi-structured interviews, with its data being analyzed by thematic analysis. The thematic analysis presented the result on the basis of four themes; identity, social relations, cultural differences and the migration process. Further, the results show that most respondents were affected by migration, that they were influenced by social relations and that they experienced cultural differences in Sweden compared to Afghanistan.

Methods of timekeeping have changed drastically throughout history and especially in the last century, as has humanity’s relationship to nature. Building upon existing research into the history of clocks and clock-time this study sketches a long-term chronology with a novel environmental, sensory, and aesthetic analysis. The connection between everyday time(keeping) and the environment, as well as the significant role of objects in how we tell the time. The interactions with our surroundings is explored in order to understand the material role of technology, techno-aesthetics, and eco-social cues. The thesis investigates the aesthetic and sensory dimensions of historical timekeeping, particularly with regards to sound and vision. The thesis follows a chronological narrative so that the significant shifts in European timekeeping can be identified at particular moments in history, as well as demonstrating the overall arc of change. It begins with the lead up to the invention of mechanical clocks followed by a case study – conducted using imaginative phenomenology – of an Uppsala student in 1482 interacting with the clock-bell in his local timescape. After sketching the significant inventions and shifts in the proceeding centuries, there is a comparative case study that conducts a phenomenological autoethnography of the author’s timekeeping practices in Uppsala in 2022 and aesthetic analysis of personal clock devices. This seeks to identify what characterises timekeeping in the Anthropocene. Throughout, the thesis compares the experiences of ‘time foraging’ as opposed to ‘self-referential timekeeping’ to explore how different timekeeping affects our relations on an ecological and social scale.

This is a quantitative study examining the importance of social relations for organizations. The aim of the study is to examine the social relationships between management and employees, but also between co-workers, to see which has the greatest impact in terms of staying in the organization. The two hypotheses of this study involve a negative relationship. The negative relationship implies a lower probability of seeking another job if the social relations are good. With that said, employees would rather stay in their workplaces when the social relations are good. The study carries out analyses using SPSS, using two existing data sets called Opinions on jobs and working life. The data sets from the years 2005 and 2015 have been used for comparison. The results are based on crosstabs and regression analyses. Finally, the results of the study are discussed to answer the research questions, but it also suggests further research on the field. The results that emerged support the two hypotheses of the study. That is, good social relations in a workplace make employees more likely stay in the organization. It was also found that people in 2005 were more likely to stay compared to 2015.

This research provides one account of the complex relationship between differentiated experiences of deprivation and the dominant poverty construct in the Jamaican context. It is based on research conducted over a period of nine months in a Jamaican ¿squatter¿ community, Windsor, in the Parish of St. Ann. The study is organised into two ¿positional¿ chapters (conceptual framework and methodology) and four direct ¿response¿ chapters that demonstrate the ways in which the official poverty approach (from concept to policy) resonates with the living experiences of individuals. The ¿response¿ chapters step back from debates on the measurement of poverty so as to critically and reflexively consider the construct¿s conceptual and definitional antinomies. This is done through: (i) an excavation of a partial social history of poverty discourses in Jamaica; (ii) an evaluation of problems with knowledge production in the participatory method; (iii) an examination of the implications of the abstraction of the poor from spatial relations; and (iv) an exploration of different ways in which individuals ¿picture¿ living in their surroundings. The conclusion drawn is that it is necessary to begin engaging in a multidisciplinary project which accounts for difference within the poverty construct. This is because, insofar as it is possible, the removal of the most extreme forms of deprivation is not in itself sufficient for the eradication of the social relations that give rise to these privative ¿conditions¿. There instead needs to be critical engagement with relations of deprivation as resident in the social body as a whole in conceptualising poverty.

Motivation är viktigt för anställdas prestation och engagemang på sin arbetsplats. När studenter ska övergå från skolans värld till arbetslivet finns det tid av reflektion och nyfikenhet, intresse varför vissa anställda väljer att stanna på en arbetsplats under lång tid. Det genomfördes 10 djupintervjuer med individer mellan 35 och 53 år som varit anställda längre än fem år på sin nuvarande arbetsplats. Intervjuerna tematiserades där fyra centrala teman kunde identifieras: utvecklingsmöjligheter och varierande arbetsuppgifter, möjlighet att se resultat, chefens ledarskap samt sociala relationer. Utifrån bland annat Self-determination theory och Herzbergs motivationsteori diskuteras det även hur de fyra temana påverkar människans inre och yttre motivation, samt hur de olika formerna av motivation kan hämmas eller öka hos de anställda.Resultatet av studien kan vara användbar för arbetsgivare för att deras anställda ska fortsätt vara motiverade på arbetsplatsen, stärka rekrytering och behållning av personal samt förbättra ledarskapspraktiker för att främja motivation.

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yes / The car is a symbolic presence at the heart of the everyday experience of multi-ethnic coexistence. Exploring the potential significance of car ownership among members of the Pakistani/Muslim population in Bradford has an inherent interest and virtue, but more acutely, it can shed light on social relations where class, gender, religion and ethnicity intersect. The ‘young Asian/White/Muslim/Black male driver’ has acquired a certain meaning and reputation which has largely negative associations across Britain. However, once stereotypes such as the ones at play in the diary entry above are unpicked and engaged with, meaning becomes more nuanced and complicated, but no less vital. Indeed, the research upon which this paper is based suggests that car culture offers insights: first, into how some aspects of broader ‘British Muslim’ identity are framed; and second, that often negative, exoticized and racialized aspects of identity can be detuned and thus made less potent markers of racialized thinking.