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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Famílias quilombolas: história, resistência e luta contra a vulnerabilidade social, insegurança alimentar e nutricional na Comunidade Mumbuca - Estado do Tocantins

Pereira, Ana Lúcia [UNESP] 20 April 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_al_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1796366 bytes, checksum: 150d6f832bb26729e02d5ae71c78385a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa na Comunidade Mumbuca, situada na cidade de Mateiros no Estado do Tocantins tem como objetivo compreender a dinâmica das relações entre Estado (políticas públicas) e sociedade (Comunidade Mumbuca), no que se refere à identidade étnico-racial da comunidade, sua situação de vulnerabilidade social e insegurança alimentar e nutricional, bem como as políticas públicas desenvolvidas no período de 2003 a 2010. Verifica-se através da metodologia da pesquisa etnográfica, com a utilização dos instrumentos de coleta de dados baseados em entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e formulário de investigação social que a comunidade habita esta localidade há mais de um século. Historicamente praticava uma economia de subsistência baseada na agricultura, na criação de animais e no extrativismo. O estudo verifica também que, no que se refere à insegurança alimentar e nutricional, a utilização da escala EBIA – Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional, permitiu averiguar o grau de insegurança alimentar leve, moderada e grave nos domicílios, atestando a não existência de um único domicílio em situação de segurança alimentar. As políticas públicas recentes, tais como a criação do Parque Estadual do Jalapão; o reconhecimento da comunidade como remanescente de quilombo e a potencialização da reorganização produtiva local em torno do capim dourado e do turismo vem impactando a cultura e organização da comunidade sem necessariamente melhorar a qualidade de vida da maioria desta população. A demora na titulação definitiva do território e a falta de equacionamento do conflito entre a área de preservação ambiental do Parque Estadual e da produção efetiva de alimentos das famílias, conforme a tradição e organização produtiva local têm agravado a situação de vulnerabilidade social dos moradores da comunidade / This research was made in Mumbuca Community, in the city of Mateiros in the State of Tocantins; we need to understand what the dynamics of relationships between state (public policy) and society (Mumbuca Community) in relation toethno-racial community, their situation social vulnerability and food insecurity and nutrition, as well as public policies developed in the period 2003 to 2010. It is through the methodology of ethnographic research with the use of instruments to collect some information based on semi-structured interviews, direct observation and form social research that the community this locality has a century more than. Historically practiced a subsistence economy based on agriculture, animal husbandry and harvesting.The study also notes that, in relation to food and nutrition insecurity, using the scale EBIA-Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity and Nutrition, allowed to as certain the degree of food insecurity, moderate and severe inhouse holds, confirming the absence of in a singlehouseholdfood security situation. Recent publicpolicies, suchas the creation ofthe JalapãoState Park, the community's recognition as aremnant of Quilombo reorganization and enhancement of local production around the Capim Dourado and tourism is impacting the culture and organization of the community without necessarily improving the quality life of the majority of this population. The delay indefinitive titling of the territory and the lack of addressing the conflict between environmental preservation area of the State Park and the effective production of food by families, according to local tradition and organization of production have exacerbated the situation of socially vulnerable community residents
12

Comunidades tradicionais da zona costeira cearense: uma anÃlise da percepÃÃo dos diferentes atores sociais de Canoa Quebrada e Vila do EstevÃo sobre o processo de modernizaÃÃo vivenciado por essas populaÃÃes / Traditional communities of the coastal zone of CearÃ: an analysis of perceptions of different social actors of the village Canoa Quebrada and Stephen on the process of modernization experienced by these populations

Claudia Ribeiro de Barros Leal 23 May 2012 (has links)
A relaÃÃo entre modernizaÃÃo e o modo de vida das comunidades tradicionais da zona costeira cearense à o eixo central da presente dissertaÃÃo. O estudo tem, como referÃncia, as experiÃncias vivenciadas por duas comunidades situadas a leste do Estado, Canoa Quebrada e Vila do EstevÃo. Por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa, as investigaÃÃes seguiram as vias da observaÃÃo e realizaÃÃo de entrevistas temÃticas, identificando os impactos provocados pelo tensionamento do modelo de desenvolvimento vigente, que tenta impor padrÃes de comportamento aos povos das tradiÃÃes. A percepÃÃo dos diferentes atores sociais sobre o processo de modernizaÃÃo vivido por essas populaÃÃes foi a base para a contextualizaÃÃo e formulaÃÃo de uma anÃlise sociolÃgica, acerca da civilizaÃÃo do capital em tempos contemporÃneos. Essa problemÃtica tem vÃrios pontos de contato com outros debates atualmente em curso nas ciÃncias sociais e humanas, tendo por isso um dispositivo teÃrico amplo que abarca a pluralidade de concepÃÃes e percepÃÃes sobre as relaÃÃes entre trabalho, tempo e Ãcio; os paradigmas da tradiÃÃo e da modernidade; e as estratÃgias de enfrentamento das organizaÃÃes coletivas pela coexistÃncia com essa realidade. Nesse contexto, os conceitos de âsociologia das ausÃnciasâ e de âsociologia das emergÃnciasâ propostos por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, as concepÃÃes de tempo social do sociÃlogo Norbert Elias, e as definiÃÃes de MÃszÃros sobre a crise estrutural do capital e sua estrutura fundante constituem os utensÃlios teÃricos nessa investigaÃÃo. As inspiraÃÃes analÃticas dialogam entre as teorias da SaÃde PÃblica, da Sociologia PolÃtica e da Antropologia Social, associadas, do ponto de vista metodolÃgico e epistemolÃgico, a elaboraÃÃo da aÃÃo do pesquisador no ato da pesquisa, cabendo destacar contribuiÃÃes da histÃria oral (Daniel Bertaux) e da antropologia interpretativa (Geertz). O estudo chega Ãs percepÃÃes das dificuldades enfrentadas nas dimensÃes econÃmicas, sociais, ambientais e culturais, provocaÃÃes que causam reaÃÃes diferentes, ora de luta, ora de adaptaÃÃo ao sistema do capital. Na resistÃncia, encontram-se aÃÃes transformadoras nascidas das bases, desafiando o poder dominante, em um esforÃo coletivo para dar visibilidade aos povos litorÃneos, garantindo um universo de pluralidade, por meio de polÃticas sustentadas pela consciÃncia profunda dos sujeitos sociais.
13

O discurso da vulnerabilidade social e os processos de constituição dos sujeitos "asematizáveis"

Silva, Rose Méri Santos da January 2008 (has links)
Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2008. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-10-11T20:03:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rose mri santos da silva.pdf: 4317710 bytes, checksum: bbc04cbbaf20a8a7a9a173c1cb0bc551 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-06T16:19:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rose mri santos da silva.pdf: 4317710 bytes, checksum: bbc04cbbaf20a8a7a9a173c1cb0bc551 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-06T16:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rose mri santos da silva.pdf: 4317710 bytes, checksum: bbc04cbbaf20a8a7a9a173c1cb0bc551 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A trama constitutiva dessa dissertação foi elaborada com o objetivo de problematizar o processo de construção dos discursos que nomeiam e constituem determinadas crianças e/ou adolescentes como sujeitos em vulnerabilidade social, assim como os efeitos produzidos por essas práticas discursivas, dentro do contexto em que estão inseridos. Destaca-se que a presente investigação está localizada no campo da Educação Ambiental, pois muitos de seus fundamentos trabalham na perspectiva de uma articulação bastante peculiar entre ser humano, natureza e sociedade, tratando-as como instâncias em construção e, assim sendo, em consonância com os princípios que fundamentam esse trabalho. Utilizou-se como corpus de análise os documentos que implementaram as instituições ASEMA (Apoio Sócio Educativo em Meio Aberto), sendo que o presente trabalho se compôs a partir de uma fundamentação teórica pautada nos pressupostos de Michel Foucault, assim como, do ponto de vista metodológico, foram colocadas em operação algumas ferramentas da genealogia. Nesse sentido, foi organizada uma primeira parte visando mostrar os caminhos percorridos até chegar à proposta de trabalho. Nela, foram problematizadas algumas temáticas necessárias para formar um solo conceitual a partir do qual foi elaborada a próxima etapa, em que foi realizada a análise do universo documental. Nessa fase surgiu a necessidade de olhar, em um primeiro momento, a massa documental sob a ótica da construção dos discursos que nomeiam e constituem determinadas crianças e/ou adolescentes como em vulnerabilidade social para, posteriormente, adentrar nos caminhos em torno da organização de instituições governamentais criadas para atender a essa parte da população constituída como asematizáveis. Realizou-se a análise das Constituições Brasileiras, das documentações infra- constitucionais, das legislações trabalhistas, até chegar aos documentos relacionados com o campo da Assistência Social, que receberam um destaque especial, pois foi neles, mais especificamente naqueles que regulamentam o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUAS), que surgiu pela primeira vez uma legislação fazendo uso da terminologia vulnerabilidade social. Posteriormente, passou-se a problematizar o processo de constituição do termo vulnerabilidade e, mais especificamente, vulnerabilidade social. A partir daí, foi se esboçando uma trajetória da expressão vulnerabilidade social, percorrendo caminhos que vão desde o vínculo com a questão do direito internacional, penetrando na área da saúde e da temática da Aids/HIV, até adentrar pelas vias das condições sócio-econômicas. Percebe-se assim, que os múltiplos discursos, produzidos em torno da temática da vulnerabilidade social, mantêm como ponto em comum a questão do risco, assim como da necessidade de controle e gerenciamento dessas situações. É assim que são criadas uma série de estratégias, tais como a implementação de instituições, estabelecidas no sentido de administrar e gerenciar tanto os indivíduos como as populações, que se formam a partir desse “espectro” do risco e/ou da vulnerabilidade social. Saliente-se ainda que o processo de institucionalização dessa parcela da população também tem toda uma trajetória de construção histórica e cultural que, ao ser analisada, possibilitou a compreensão dessas instituições, inclusive os ASEMA, assim como as condições de possibilidades que as rodeiam, constituindo-se como biopolíticas operadas no sentido de controlar a população e de gerenciar os riscos gerados por eles. / This dissertation was established with the aim to explain the construction process of appointing and speeches that are certain children and/or adolescents as subjects in social vulnerability, as well as the effects produced by the discursive practices, within the context in which they are inserted. It is expected that this research is located in the field of environmental education, because many of its foundations working in conjunction prospect of a very peculiar between human beings, nature and society, treating them as instances in progress and it is therefore in line with the principles underlying this work. It was used as a body of analysis documents that implemented the institutions ASEMA (Support Partner Education in Half Open), and that this work is composed from a theoretical foundation based on the assumptions of Michel Foucault, as well as from the point of view methodology, were put into operation some tools of genealogy. In that sense, was first organized a part in order to show the path traveled to reach the proposed work. There were some thematic necessary to form a conceptual ground from which they were drafted the next step, which was held in the documentary analysis of the universe. At that stage came the need to look in a first moment, the mass documentary from the perspective of the construction of speeches that nominate and are certain children and / or adolescents as a social vulnerability to then enter the paths around the organization of institutions government created to deal with that as part of the population consists “asematizáveis”. There was a review of the Brazilian constitution, the constitutional documentation infrastructure, and the labor laws, to reach the documents related to the field of Social Welfare, who received a special mention, because it was them, especially those governing the Single System Health (SUS), which first emerged a law making use of terminology social vulnerability. Later, it moved to question the process of incorporation of the term vulnerability and, more specifically, social vulnerability. From there, he was outlining a path if the term social vulnerability, traversing paths ranging from the link with the question of international law, moving on health and the issue of AIDS / HIV, to enter the ways of socio-economic conditions. Clearly it is thus that the many speeches, produced around the theme of social vulnerability, have in common point as the issue of risk as well as the need to control and manage these situations. Thus is created a series of strategies, such as the implementation of institutions, established to administer and manage both individuals and populations, which are formed from that "spectrum" of the risk and/or social vulnerability. It should be noted that the process of institutionalization of that portion of the population also has a whole trajectory of historical and cultural construction that when analyzed has facilitated the understanding of those institutions, including the ASEMA, as well as all the conditions of possibilities that surround, constituting themselves as biopolitics operated to control the population and manage the risks generated by them.
14

Os mecanismos protetores utilizados por uma equipe multidisciplinar na promoção de crianças e adolescentes resilientes / Protective mechanism used by a multidisciplinary team in the promotion of children and adolescents resilient

Vincenzi, Maria Regina Rodrigues Costa 02 October 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Maria de Lurdes Zanolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vincenzi_MariaReginaRodriguesCosta_M.pdf: 965816 bytes, checksum: 6dd3a8d959ba4786198f05784b8eecec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a possibilidade de uma instituição serpromotora de crianças e adolescentes mais resilientes, descrevendo os desafios e os mecanismos possíveis de superá-los. Partindo-se de referenciais teóricos sobre o conceito de resiliência, foi estabelecido um projeto de pesquisa com metodologia qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso, cuja concentração de interesse foi uma instituição que acolhe crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de risco. A pesquisa de campo inicialmente foi feita pela técnica de observação participante. Juntamente com os dados obtidos por esta técnica, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco grupos focais de interesse: de gestores; de profissionais; de estagiários; de crianças/adolescentes que frequentam regularmente a instituição e de jovens egressos. O modelo básico se constituiu em usar para cada grupo, roteiros com questões semiestruturadas sobre: resiliência, fatores de risco, fatores protetores e vulnerabilidade. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, sendo as categorias elencadas. Obteve-se um conjunto de informações que foram analisadas e interpretadas no contexto da literatura sobre cada tema abordado. Por meio da observação participante e das entrevistas com os grupos focais também foi possível uma avaliação participativa da instituição. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a importância da formação do vínculo; o cuidar; a disponibilidade para ouvir e uma rede social de apoio são mecanismos promotores de resiliência presentes na instituição. No entanto, a alta rotatividade dos estagiários e a falta de capacitação dos novos integrantes são apontadas como obstáculos dessa promoção. Conclui-se que é uma instituição com possibilidade de promover resiliência por oferecer um espaço que permite relações interpessoais com base na confiança, no acolhimento, na resolução de conflitos e na diminuição da vulnerabilidade a que essas crianças e adolescentes estão expostos. Porém, há a necessidade de realizarem-se novas discussões e intervenções com a participação da sociedade e um maior envolvimento dos gestores para que não ocorra simplesmente a transferência de responsabilidade para uma instituição / Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the possibility of an institution to be a promoter of children and adolescents more resilient, describing the challenges and possible mechanisms to overcome them. Based on theoretical frameworks on the concept of resilience, has established a research project with qualitative methodology, case study, the concentration of interest was an institution that welcomes children and adolescents living in situations of risk. Field research was initially done using the technique of participant observation. Together with data that was obtained by this technique, interviews were conducted with five focus groups of interest: managers, professionals, trainees, children and adolescents who regularly attend the institution and the young graduates. The basic model is set up to use for each group tours with semi-structured questions about: resilience, risk factors, protective factors and vulnerability. These interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the categories listed. We obtained a set of information that were analyzed and interpreted in the context of the literature on each topic addressed. Through participant observation and interviews with focus groups there were also a participatory assessment of the institution. The results indicated that the importance of bonding, caring, a willingness to listen and a social support network are mechanisms to resilience in the present institution. However, the high turnover of trainees and lack of training of new members are seen as obstacles to such promotion. We conclude that an institution is able to promote resilience by providing a space for interpersonal relationships based on trust, care, conflict resolution and reducing the vulnerability of these children and adolescents are exposed. However, there is a need to engage in further discussions and interventions with the participation of civil society and greater involvement of managers so that does not simply transfer responsibility to an institution / Mestrado / Pediatria / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
15

Associação entre indicadores de vulnerabilidade e condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes de Piracicaba / Association between indicators of vulnerability and oral health conditions of adolescents in Piracicaba

Taglietta, Martha Furlan de Aguiar, 1963- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Karine Laura Cortellazzi, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:52:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taglietta_MarthaFurlandeAguiar_M.pdf: 1496317 bytes, checksum: 4852be8289955125bc33a52b3766aebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a associação entre a vulnerabilidade social e o Programa Bolsa Família com as doenças bucais e fatores socioeconômicos em adolescentes do município de Piracicaba-SP. A amostra consistiu de 1179 indivíduos de 15 a 19 anos de idade provenientes de 34 Unidades de Saúde da Família e 21 escolas estaduais. Os exames clínicos foram realizados sob luz artificial, utilizando-se sonda periodontal IPC e espelho bucal plano. Foram coletados dados de variáveis clínicas (cárie, doença periodontal, fluorose e risco à cárie) e socioeconômicas (renda familiar mensal, número de pessoas na família, habitação, escolaridade do pai e da mãe, Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social - IPVS e Programa Bolsa Família - PBF). Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis dependentes (IPVS e PBF) com as variáveis independentes (clínicas e socioeconômicas) foi utilizada análise bivariada pelo teste de Qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se que 60,9% dos indivíduos que não tiveram dente perdido, 67,4% daqueles que os pais tinham ensino médio e superior e 58,3% com risco à cárie A, B, C e D pertenciam ao grupo com baixa vulnerabilidade. Os adolescentes com ausência do componente cariado (81,1%), componente perdido (79,4%), CPOD (83,1%) e IPC (81,1%), com risco à cárie A, B, C e D (81,3%), maior renda (85,6%), menor número de pessoas na casa (86,2%), maior nível de escolaridade do pai (89,9%) e da mãe (88,2%) pertenciam ao grupo que não recebia o benefício Bolsa Família. Concluiu-se que políticas públicas de saúde bucal socialmente orientada com ações de promoção e recuperação devem ser focadas prioritariamente aos adolescentes com piores condições socioeconômicas / Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between social vulnerability and Family Grant Program with oral diseases and socioeconomic factors in adolescents of Piracicaba-SP. The sample consisted of 1179 individuals 15-19 years of age from 34 Family Health Units and 21 state schools. Clinical examinations were performed under artificial light, using CPI periodontal probe and dental mirror. Data were collected from clinical variables (caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis and caries risk) and socioeconomic (family income, number of people in family, housing, education of father and mother, São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index - IDLH and Family Grant Program - GMP. To verify the association between the dependent variables (IDLH and GMP) with the independent variables (clinical and socioeconomic) was used bivariate analysis by Chi-square significance level of 5%. It was found that 60.9% of individuals who had not lost tooth, 67.4% of those parents had high school and college, and 58.3% with caries risk A, B, C and D were in the group with low vulnerability. Teenagers lack of decayed teeth (81.1%), missing component (79.4%), DMFT (83.1%) and IPC (81.1%), with caries risk A, B, C and D (81.3%), higher income (85.6%), fewer people in the home (86.2%), higher educational level of the father (89.9%) and mothers (88.2%) belonged to the group that did not receive the benefit Family Grant. It was concluded that oral health policies with socially oriented promotion and recovery should be focused primarily adolescents with low socioeconomic status / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestra em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva
16

Experiences of social vulnerability in indigent households related to water service delivery in Kayamandi, Stellenbosch

Harris, Winston J. January 2012 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA / The extent of a community experiencing social vulnerability depends on the community’s ability to access resources that may contribute to coping mechanisms (either within the household or provided externally by a responsible authority) that decrease the impacts and effects of a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the existence of social and institutional mechanisms that aim to reduce experiences of water inaccessibility and the causes of social vulnerability, and increase coping mechanisms within Kayamandi. Kayamandi is a low income residential community on the north-westerly periphery of the greater Stellenbosch town in the Western Cape. The research attained responses through questionnaires and surveys from residents,community organisations and responsible personnel. These surveys allowed the researcher to produce raw attribute data for each household that assisted in spatially representing vulnerable households and informing the five priority areas of the Hyogo Framework for Action. Contributing to this method of attaining information, secondary geographic data collection was obtained through the Stellenbosch Local Municipality, the National Geospatial Information Directorate and the National Demarcation Board. The findings of this thesis established that household and public water infrastructure contribute to the risk of experiencing social vulnerability that affects economic standings and quality of health within the community. Contributing to this and due to Kayamandi’s politically sensitive and historically fractioned community, social cohesion has also been noted as an area of vulnerability. Although these vulnerabilities are experienced, residents are able to implement technical, social and municipal reliant coping mechanisms. However, although efforts from Stellenbosch Local Municipality do respond to most of the key indicators within the Hyogo Framework for Action, the study found no concrete efforts within the Stellenbosch Local Municipality that illustrate integrated mechanisms to reduce the impacts of disasters and compound effects.
17

Social Vulnerability and Faith in Disasters: an Investigation Into the Role of Religion in New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina

Herring, Alison M. 05 1900 (has links)
Disasters are an ever increasing phenomena in our society, resulting in many people being adversely affected. the social vulnerability paradigm explores the social, economic and political factors which contribute to certain populations being disproportionately affected by disasters. However, the paradigm has not yet begun to investigate the cultural or religious ideologies which may affect a population's behavior in disaster. This study is an exploratory investigation into whether religious ideologies may impact a person's decision to prepare, or not, in the event of a disaster. Specifically, it seeks to investigate whether a person who holds a belief that natural disasters are under God's control will prepare for the hazard? the study undertaken five years after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans show that religious ideology is closely linked with one's capacity to prepare for the hazard which is closely tied in with social structure. It may appear that a person's 'fatalistic' attitude is tied to economic inability to prepare for a hazard. This does not mean that they will not prepare but that preparation may include prayer as their initial attempt to mitigate.
18

Development and Testing of the Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI): A Composite Indicator to Measure Social Vulnerability in the Jamaican Elderly Population

Crooks, Donneth 27 February 2009 (has links)
Over the last two decades social vulnerability has emerged as a major area of study, with increasing attention to the study of vulnerable populations. Generally, the elderly are among the most vulnerable members of any society, and widespread population aging has led to greater focus on elderly vulnerability. However, the absence of a valid and practical measure constrains the ability of policy-makers to address this issue in a comprehensive way. This study developed a composite indicator, The Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI), and used it to undertake a comparative analysis of the availability of support for elderly Jamaicans based on their access to human, material and social resources. The results of the ESVI indicated that while the elderly are more vulnerable overall, certain segments of the population appear to be at greater risk. Females had consistently lower scores than males, and the oldest-old had the highest scores of all groups of older persons. Vulnerability scores also varied according to place of residence, with more rural parishes having higher scores than their urban counterparts. These findings support the political economy framework which locates disadvantage in old age within political and ideological structures. The findings also point to the pervasiveness and persistence of gender inequality as argued by feminist theories of aging. Based on the results of the study it is clear that there is a need for policies that target specific population segments, in addition to universal policies that could make the experience of old age less challenging for the majority of older persons. Overall, the ESVI has displayed usefulness as a tool for theoretical analysis and demonstrated its potential as a policy instrument to assist decision-makers in determining where to target their efforts as they seek to address the issue of social vulnerability in old age. Data for this study came from the 2001 population and housing census of Jamaica, with multiple imputation for missing data. The index was derived from the linear aggregation of three equally weighted domains, comprised of eleven unweighted indicators which were normalized using z-scores. Indicators were selected based on theoretical relevance and data availability.
19

Storm Surge and Evacuations in Pinellas County

Pearce, Christianne 21 March 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to determine evacuation decisions of residents in Pinellas County, a vulnerable area in Florida, during Hurricane Irma in 2017, and whether those decisions will impact their future decisions to evacuate. This study also examines the resident’s perception of storm surge flooding during a hurricane. To understand evacuation decisions and storm surge perceptions a survey was conducted on residents in vulnerable areas of Pinellas County. The survey examined multiple aspects including the role of media, relationships, and sociodemographic status on decision making. Another aspect examined if their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will impact their decision for the future. Residents were also asked to rate how different aspects of the storm influenced their decision, including flooding from storm surge. It was concluded that their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will significantly impact their decision to evacuate for the next hurricane, with many residents claiming they would leave their local area. Storm surge was not perceived as the greatest threat, instead wind speed and size of storm were determined to be the greater threat. Better understanding of evacuation decisions and perceptions about storm surge can be used to update emergency management preparations and planning for the next hurricane.
20

Priviledge and Place: An Exploratory Study About Healthcare Bypass Behavior

Jackson, Jorden Elizabeth 07 April 2020 (has links)
Bypass, or utilizing healthcare outside of one’s community rather than local healthcare, can have serious consequences on rural healthcare availability, quality, and outcomes. Previous studies of the likelihood of healthcare bypass used various individual and community characteristics. This study includes measures for individuals and communities, as well as place-based characteristics. We introduce the social vulnerability of place index (SoVI)—a well-established measure in disaster literature—into healthcare studies to further explain the impact of place on healthcare selection behavior. Additionally, with the use of qualitative data, this study explains why people choose to bypass. By including each of these measures, this study provides a more nuanced and detailed understanding of how individual healthcare selection is affected by the privilege of the individual, community ties, place of residence, and primary motivator for bypass. A systematic random sample of residents from 25 rural towns in Utah were surveyed in 2017 in the Rural Utah Community Survey (RUCS). After accounting for missing data, the total sample size was 1,061. This study used logistic regression to better predict the likelihood of rural healthcare bypass behavior. Measures associated with community push factors (dissatisfaction with various local amenities), community pull factors (friends in community and length of residence), individual ability (demographics, self-reported health, and distance to hospital), and social vulnerability of place (SoVI), were added to the models to examine their impact on the likelihood of bypass. The SoVI was made using census data with variables that measure both social and place inequality. Each town in the study received a SoVI score and was then categorized as having low, mean, or high social vulnerability. Qualitative open-ended responses about healthcare selection were coded for explanations given for bypassing. The pooled model (Table 2) showed that bypass was more likely amongst residents who are dissatisfied with local healthcare and more likely for females. Breaking bypass down according to SoVI (Table 3) provides a more nuanced understanding of bypass. For people living in low socially vulnerable areas, privileges such as graduating college made them more likely to bypass. For high socially vulnerable areas privilege did not help people bypass, but disadvantages such as aging made residents less likely to bypass. Thus, by introducing the SoVI into healthcare literature, this study is able to compare healthcare selection behaviors of residents in low vulnerable towns, average vulnerable towns, and highly vulnerable towns. Additionally, the qualitative analysis of open-ended responses showed patterns explaining why people bypass. Policymakers and public health workers can use the SoVI to better target their healthcare outreach. Reasons for bypass include quality, selection, consistency, cost of insurance, one-stop-shop, and confidentiality. Rural clinics can help residents avoid the need to bypass by improving in these areas and thus gaining patients and minimizing the risk of closure. Healthcare policymakers should focus resources on high socially vulnerable places as well as underprivileged people in low socially vulnerable places.

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