The refugeecrisis was a turning point in Swedish exceptionalism a discursive shift has somehowoccurred within the Swedish policy debate and mainstream media whereby the '(im)migrant' isconstructed as a potential security threat. To achieve the goal of the 'security' concerns of thisthesis, a theoretical framework of the social constructivist perspective is to assess howsecuritization is discursively constructed within discursive power relations among differentsocietal actors an d to understand identifying conditions that potentially have enabled this shift.Herein, this research synthesizes media content and political opinion to analyze the shaping andchang ing of the discourse on securitizing migration between 2014 and 2017 by blending qualitativecontent analysis with critical discourse analysis. One of the conclusions reached is the analysishighlights discourses once propagated and shifted gradually in the political sphere and in a sensea certain group of immigrants is constructed as an existential threat within it.

Titel: Alla våra samtal...- En vetenskaplig essä om kollegialt lärande, relationer och språk. Syftet med denna vetenskapliga essä är att undersöka kollegialt lärande, relationella perspektiv och språk inom fritidshemmet. Essän tar sin grund i berättelser från våra egna yrkeserfarenheter för att reflektera över vårt eget problematiska handlande. Detta för att finna verktyg för att hantera komplicerade samtal. De metoder vi använt för undersökningen är vetenskaplig essä och deltagande observation. I detta har vi tagit stöd av tre teoretiska perspektiv; kollegialt lärande, relationell pedagogik och social konstruktivism. Det vi kom fram till genom våra reflektioner var de positiva effekterna av kollegialt lärande, vikten av att arbeta med relationer inom kollegiet och språkets roll inom olika relationella konstellationer. / Title: All our conversations…- A scientific essay about collegial learning, relations and language. The purpose of this essay is to examine collegial learning, relational perspectives and language in the context of school-age educare. This essay is based on our own working experiences to be able to reflect over our own problematic behavior. The reason for this is to find tools to deal with complicated conversations. The methods we used to examine this are the writings of a scientific essay and a participant observation. To support this we have used three theoretical perspectives; collegial learning, relational pedagogy and social constructivism. Our conclusions are that through our reflections we could see the positive effects of collegial learning, the importance of working with relations in the college and the part language plays in different relational constellations.

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Bakgrund: EIPS/BPD är en psykiatrisk diagnos som karaktäriseras av ett avvikande sätt att hantera starka känslor. Personer med EIPS/BPD upplever att de stigmatiseras i vården och vårdpersonal ser patientgruppen som krävande. Berger och Luckmanns (1966/1991) socialkonstruktivistiska teori utgår från att verkligheten skapas genom socialt samspel mellan människor. Det inbegriper även konstruerandet av diagnoser och sjukdom. Syfte: Att utifrån socialkonstruktivistisk teori förstå diskursen kring EIPS/BPD-patienter hos personal inom psykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fokusgruppsintervjuer av vårdpersonal inom slutenvårdspsykiatrin. Personalen som intervjuades bestod av sjuksköterskor och skötare/undersköterskor även om läkare och kuratorer också inkluderades. Bearbetningen av intervjumaterialet gjordes med tematisk analys (Braun & Clarke, 2006) och analyserades med socialkonstruktivistisk teori av Berger & Luckmann (1966/1991). Resultat: Personalen beskrev att de flesta EIPS/BPD-patienter är unga “tjejer” och att många har olika former av självskadebeteende. Även suicidförsök beskrevs som en form av självskadebeteende av personalen, och inte grundat i äkta suicidalitet. Personalen beskrev att många med EIPS/BPD blir bättre i sin diagnos när de skaffar familj. Kunskap om patienten kom främst från andra kollegor och genom erfarenhet. Läkare beskrevs av sjuksköterskor och skötare/undersköterskor som kollegor som står utanför teamet vilket enligt dem riskerade att göra vården lidande. Vissa i personalen upplevde att de kunde ge EIPS/BPD-patienter en bra vård medan andra inte upplevde det. Slutsats: Personalen hade en typifierad bild (kategorisering för att göra mer förståelig) av patientgruppen som rörde sig utanför diagnoskriterierna för EIPS/BPD (i DSM-5 and ICD-10) och patientgruppens lidande bedömdes ibland som icke-legitimt. Den typifierade bilden av EIPS/BPD patienter sprids och reproduceras genom sekundär socialisering på arbetsplatsen. / Background: EIPS/BPD is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by a deviant way of handling strong emotions. People with EIPS/BPD feel that they are stigmatized in healthcare and healthcare professionals see the patient group as demanding. Berger and Luckman’s (1966/1991) social constructive theory assumes that reality is created through social interaction between people, which also includes the construction of diagnoses and illness. Aim: To understand the discourse around EIPS/BPD patients among staff within psychiatric inpatient care from a social constructivist perspective. Method: Qualitative method with focus group interviews of healthcare staff within inpatient psychiatry. The processing of the interview material was done with thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) and analyzed with social constructivist theory by Berger & Luckmann (1966/1991). Results: The staff described that most EIPS/BPD patients are young "girls" and that many have various forms of self-harming behavior. Suicide attempts were also described as a form of self-harming behavior by the staff, and not based on genuine suicidality. The staff described that many with EIPS/BPD get better in their diagnosis when they start a family. Knowledge of the patient came mainly from other colleagues and through experience. Physicians were described by nurses and assistant nurses as colleagues who stood outside the team, which, according to them, risked causing the care to suffer. Some of the staff felt that they could provide good care to EIPS/BPD patients while others did not. Conclusion: The staff had a typified image (categorization to make more understandable) of the patient group that moved outside the EIPS/BPD diagnosis criteria (in DSM-5 and ICD-10) and the suffering of the patient group was sometimes judged as non-legitimate. The typified image of EIPS/BPD patients is spread and reproduced through secondary socialization in the workplace.

This study aims at exploring how fathers' parenting strategies and the relationship they have with their children influences the children's ability to form other relationships outside the home. The study is based on parenting strategies identified by Diana Baumrind. Reviewed literature state that where a relationship between the father and his children is good, the children are more confident, stable and secure and therefore able to form seemingly stable social relationships. Where the relationship between father and his children is unhealthy, the children may be unsure of themselves and find it harder to form relationship outside the home. The parenting strategy resulting in the best relationships between the father and his children is the authoritative parenting strategy. Authoritative fathers set rules and follow them through while allowing dialogue. They encourage the development of self-identity and are lovingly involved in their children's lives. All participating fathers in this study have a son and daughter in the age range 13 to 25 years and all are able to communicate in English. The four participating fathers are from different ethnic groups, religious faith and professions. For each father interviewed, a son and a daughter were interviewed too. The same father parenting strategies identified in the literature were identified in this study. Three fathers fit the description of the authoritative parental strategy. Their six children agree that their relationships with their fathers are good. Even though these fathers are strict, they are loving and therefore the children feel secure and confident. These children are able to form stable relationships outside the home. The fourth father is an abusive father whose relationship with his children is unhealthy. His children are not very secure and are withdrawn. They have very few friends because they are afraid of the repercussions from friends discovering they have problems with their father. This study is a door opener in an area with little documented research namely parenting strategies in Africa in general and fathering strategies in particular. There is a need to explore the field further in order to develop training and care-giving structures based on African parental voices. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This study aims at exploring how fathers' parenting strategies and the relationship they have with their children influences the children's ability to form other relationships outside the home. The study is based on parenting strategies identified by Diana Baumrind. Reviewed literature state that where a relationship between the father and his children is good, the children are more confident, stable and secure and therefore able to form seemingly stable social relationships. Where the relationship between father and his children is unhealthy, the children may be unsure of themselves and find it harder to form relationship outside the home. The parenting strategy resulting in the best relationships between the father and his children is the authoritative parenting strategy. Authoritative fathers set rules and follow them through while allowing dialogue. They encourage the development of self-identity and are lovingly involved in their children's lives. All participating fathers in this study have a son and daughter in the age range 13 to 25 years and all are able to communicate in English. The four participating fathers are from different ethnic groups, religious faith and professions. For each father interviewed, a son and a daughter were interviewed too. The same father parenting strategies identified in the literature were identified in this study. Three fathers fit the description of the authoritative parental strategy. Their six children agree that their relationships with their fathers are good. Even though these fathers are strict, they are loving and therefore the children feel secure and confident. These children are able to form stable relationships outside the home. The fourth father is an abusive father whose relationship with his children is unhealthy. His children are not very secure and are withdrawn. They have very few friends because they are afraid of the repercussions from friends discovering they have problems with their father. This study is a door opener in an area with little documented research namely parenting strategies in Africa in general and fathering strategies in particular. There is a need to explore the field further in order to develop training and care-giving structures based on African parental voices. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This research regarding power/knowledge abuse within the church was conducted within the postmodern social construction discourse and in the context of narrative therapy, feminist theology and practical theology. It presents a chronicle of five individuals who experienced abuse within their congregations. It reflects on the co-authoring journey of these five individuals personally and within the context of the narrative group. As part of the narrative group they came to re-author their lives around what they had experienced regarding abuse within their churches. Together they challenged those dominant structures that are so often hidden just below `sacred' tradition. In conclusion the five individuals experienced a renaissance within themselves and their personal theology of God and His dealings within the church. This renaissance has led them to seek out others who have experienced this form of abuse and to give them the hope that they discovered together. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology - with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

Religious experience is a narrative reality, while it certainly relates to doctrines and rituals, it is embodied by the stories people tell which express the meaning of conversion as understood by the converts themselves. In order to enter this narrative world we must engage the actual stories told by converts, making space for their narratives as they make meaning of their experiences and thus open windows on the emic perspective. Sometimes this happens through stories that are largely thematic—expressing conversion in mainly one metaphor. Other times, narratives may touch on many different ideas, allowing us to discern various internal structures, such as some of the factors leading to conversion. Nevertheless, as important as these narratives are, they are only part of the picture because religious conversion always takes place in context. Therefore, if we are to properly understand the deeply personal experience we call conversion, we must frame it within the social, cultural and historical currents swirling around that experience. The conversions in this study are rooted in the religious history of Central Asia, particularly the seventy-odd years of Soviet rule. By the end of that era, it is probably more appropriate to think in terms of localized islam, rather than a universal religion based on the text of the Quran. Not only so, but the once proudly distinct Muslim peoples, now living under Russian rule, had become enculturated into Russian patterns of life, thought, and worldview, a process referred to as Russification, something which had profound effects on the way some of them have experienced conversion away from their natal religion. This study examines both of these aspects, first the contextual and then the personal, through the stories of thirty-six Muslims who converted to faith in Christ in post-Soviet Central Asia. By exploring the deeply personal and the broadly contextual together, this study offers a clear view of the meaning of religious conversion, in a historical, social, and religious context. / Religious Studies & Arabic / D.Lit. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The United Arab Emirates are challenged to include the national workforce into their increasingly diversified and knowledge-based economic vision. The federal Khalifa Fund for Enterprise Development incubates Sougha, a non-profit company acting as market intermediary for Emirati artisans. This study aims at providing an insight into Sougha‘s potential to become a social enterprise. A pragmatic and exploratory approach is followed. An iterative process underpins the concept of social enterprise from established literature, re-visits it through a social constructivist lens as an emerging topic in the GCC region, and benchmarks Sougha against two selected social enterprise frameworks, based on data analysis from documents and interviews. Sougha demonstrates social value creation while its commercial value creation is restricted to social mission activities. Financial motives are insufficiently reflected in Sougha‘s strategic documentation; leaving doubt to whether Sougha is genuinely seeking financial sustainability, which endangers its eligibility as a social enterprise. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)