Media criticism is studied as a concept, as critical expression and as a force for social change. The concept of media criticism is developed in relation to different forms of critical practice, theory about criticism and critique and as a part of theories about media accountability. Media criticism as a force of social change is approached by exploring concepts for the analysis of social and cultural forms of media criticism. Four kinds of media texts published in Sweden between 1998 and 2013 were analysed to investigate critical expression: television columns, reflective books on journalism written by journalists, debate articles and letters to the editor. They were studied in terms of how they address actors, content and forms of critique and responsiveness. The methodology used was reflexive interpretation mainly driven by insight, but also with an emancipative intention. Qualitative text analysis was the major method used, combined with quantitative content analysis. The concept of media criticism is developed on three levels as normative and institutional, focused on established norms and values, norm shaping and formative, focused on establishing new norms and values and openness and practice, making it possible for many people to contribute to critique. Media criticism can further be specified in three dimensions comprising its intentions, the object of critique and the process of critique. Taken together they establish different forms of criticality in which a communicative intention is seen as essential.  The dissertation shows that media criticism should be given a more independent role in relation to the media accountability frame. Critical cultures and practices should be analysed in their relations to accountability cultures and practices. The concepts of institution, formative and formation were used for analysing the social and cultural forms of media criticism, where institutions are understood as the stable forms of media criticism, formatives as the changeable forms and formations as the combination of the two. Criticism and critical practice potentially have an important role to play for change in the media, journalism and society by addressing issues in an open and reflexive way. The approach to media criticism developed in the dissertation is termed critical institutionalism and aims to bridge the gap between critical social science, the sociology of critique and institutional analysis as applied in media studies.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-22T22:10:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Marciele_Agosta_de_Vasconcellos.pdf: 1624406 bytes, checksum: db2efee05c0c51c1f9e467485704fcd4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-22T22:15:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Marciele_Agosta_de_Vasconcellos.pdf: 1624406 bytes, checksum: db2efee05c0c51c1f9e467485704fcd4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T22:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Marciele_Agosta_de_Vasconcellos.pdf: 1624406 bytes, checksum: db2efee05c0c51c1f9e467485704fcd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-14 / Sem bolsa / No âmbito do judiciário brasileiro, os conflitos individuais oriundos das relações de trabalho são apreciados pelos órgãos da Justiça do Trabalho, e suas resoluções embasam-se no Direito por ela operado. Para além dos procedimentos jurídicos necessários a sua condução nas instâncias judiciais – ou em outras palavras, para além da sua “tradução” para a linguagem jurídica –, o litígio trabalhista constitui-se na dinâmica das interações entre os atores sociais que compõe esta situação de disputa em determinada configuração social. Nesse sentido, a partir de um diálogo com a sociologia da crítica desenvolvida por Luc Boltanski e colaboradores, o litígio trabalhista caracteriza-se como um objeto empírico privilegiado na apreensão dos sensos de (in)justo e das distintas noções de direito que emergem em contextos locais. Por meio da técnica da observação participante em audiências trabalhistas realizadas nas Varas do Trabalho da cidade de Pelotas/RS, buscou-se observar o modo como os atores sociais envolvidos em um litígio trabalhista coordenam suas ações na busca pela realização de um acordo ou na defesa de seus interesses e pontos de vista no intento de obterem uma sentença favorável. Assim, por meio da análise dos repertórios discursivos dos atores sociais, buscou-se observar a mobilização de críticas, justificações e outros accounts que caracterizam uma competência moral. A partir de um diálogo atento entre o universo empírico e a perspectiva teórica da sociologia da crítica, tornou-se importante a elaboração conceitual de um quadro analítico atento aos constrangimentos (objetivos e subjetivos) que pesam nessas situações sem, no entanto, relegar ao segundo plano a apreensão dos apoios normativos que se expressam nas argumentações dos atores sociais. Tal empreitada resultou na elaboração de duas categorias principais – a “condução” e a “construção” – que se inserem no âmbito da teoria substantiva dos modos de coordenação dos atores sociais que atuam em um litígio trabalhista em Pelotas. / Under the scope of the Brazilian judiciary, individual conflicts arising from labor relations are submitted to Labor Court organs, whose resolutions are based on the Law they operate by. Beyond legal procedures which are necessary for judicial channel analysis - in other words, beyond their "translation" into legal language - the labor dispute consists in the dynamics of interactions between social actors that make up a dispute context in a given social setting. In this sense, from a dialog with the sociology of critique developed by Luc Boltanski and partners, the labor dispute is characterized as a privileged empirical object in the apprehension of the senses of (un)fair and distinct legal concepts that emerge from local contexts. By means of the participant observation technique in labor hearings in the Labor Courts of the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, we attempted to observe how the actors involved in a labor dispute coordinate their actions for the pupose of reaching an agreement or defending their interests and points of view in an attempt to obtain a favorable judgment. Thus, by the analysis of discursive repertoires of social actors, we tried to observe the mobilization of criticism, justifications and other accounts that characterize moral competence. From a careful dialog between the empirical universe and the theoretical perspective of the sociology of critique, the conceptual development of an analytical framework aware of (objective and subjective) constraints that evaluate these situations came into play without, however, putting the understanding of normative restraints expressed in the arguments of social actors in the back burner. Such an undertaking resulted in the development of two main categories - the "carrying out" and "developing" - which fall within the scope of the substantive theory of ways of coordination of the social actors involved in a labor dispute in the city of Pelotas.

Clinician Scientists werden im Kontext einer Translationalen Forschung als Schlüsselfiguren thematisiert, insbesondere seit ihnen das Potenzial zugesprochen worden ist, biomedizinische Grundlagenforschung und medizinische Praxis auf praktische Weise miteinander verbinden zu können. Damit adressiert das Berufsbild des Clinician Scientists auf individueller Ebene das sogenannte ‚valley of death‘, welches metaphorisch zentrale Übersetzungslücken im biomedizinischen Erkenntnis- und Entwicklungsprozess markiert. Ungeachtet ihrer besonderen Position befinden sich Clinician Scientists noch immer in einer beruflichen Nische, der es offensichtlich nicht gelingt, die Translationsanforderungen auf der praktischen Ebene tatsächlich erfolgreich zu vermitteln. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt die vorliegende Arbeit nach dem Professionszustand des Clinician Scientists und bedient sich dabei eines neo-pragmatischen Zugangs, der es ermöglicht Kritik und Empörung, welche die im Feld befindlichen Akteure gegenüber ihrer translationsorientierten Umwelt formulieren, für eine Soziologie der Kritik zu nutzen. Der analytische Bezugsrahmen ermöglicht sodann eine Beleuchtung des Professionszustands über individuelle Krisenzustände, die eine öffentliche Kritik an den eigenen professionellen Zuständen freisetzt. Die Arbeit leistet damit eine Beschreibung kritischer Potenziale, die im Kontext von Professionsentwicklungen gedeutet werden und offenbart im Ergebnis ein ambivalentes Verhältnis zwischen den Konzeptionen Translation und Profession: Ungeachtet ihres theoretisch augenscheinlich professionsfördernden Charakters avanciert die Translationale Forschung zum individuell-situativen Krisenherd und be- bzw. verhindert somit zugleich eine professionelle Entwicklung des Clinician Scientists. / Clinician scientists are described as a key solution towards the problem of translational research in the field of (bio)medicine, especially since they are perceived to have the potential to combine biomedical research and clinical practice. Translational research overall addresses the ‘translation gap’ between biomedical research findings on the one hand and clinical practice and applications on the other, which constitutes a major challenge towards the current biomedical research system. Despite their importance for translational problems clinician scientists still constitute a ‘rare breed’, struggling in fulfilling expectations of translational research on the individual level. In the light of this problematization, the cumulative thesis aims to explore the professional nature of the clinician scientist with the help of a neo-pragmatic approach by making use of critique and indignation individuals utter against their translational ecology. The analytical framework therefore allows to analyze professional development via individual situations of crisis. The thesis thus contributes to a description of critical potentials from individuals involved and reveals an ambivalent relationship between the concepts of translation and profession: despite its obviously supporting character translational research turns into a moment of crisis actually hindering and, respectively preventing clinician scientists from becoming a profession.