The history of canonical love poetry is inaccurate without the inclusion of minoritized groups. The relevance of the sonnet’s incomplete history and its lingering impact on contemporary poetry are not examined enough within academia. The sonnet is taught through white-, straight-, and cisgender-centered lenses, contributing to the erasure of historically relevant sonneteers who do not align with these identities. This thesis celebrates the diverse history of sonneteering, while drawing attention to the remaining narrow-mindedness within the poetic community. This thesis dismantles traditional elements of the sonnet through varying form, subject matter, and stylistic choices. When viewed in the physical form, these works push for inclusivity by appealing to a multitude of sensory factors. Whether the reader relates to the poems’ contents themselves is irrelevant — these sonnets are made to be enjoyed by any person, whether it be through the oral feeling of the language, the abstract physical manipulation, the content, the formatting on the page, the rhythm, or any other factor. By considering the intersections that allow readers to appreciate content, this thesis reframes how audiences are meant to enjoy poetry. The hyper-fixation within traditional sonnets on strict rhyme patterns and formatting choices, as well as the expectation for the reader to completely understand and relate to the emotional content, is inherently limiting to the art of writing. Poetry can, and should, be enjoyed on an individualized basis without harsh restrictions on the “proper” way to read the works. Through content and form-based reformation, the sonnet can prevail as a genre open to change and relevant to modern and historical minoritized communities.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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Ondrej Hanus Czech Sonnet in the 1st Half of the 20th Century Abstract This thesis examines the history of Czech sonnets in 1885-1948. Based on a carefully selected material, it analyses the position of particular texts both in the work of individual writers (from Jaroslav Vrchlicky to Jan Zabrana) and in the defined period of Czech literary history. This period is divided into three phases (1885-1900, 1900-1930 a 1931-1948). Both formal aspects (metre, rhyme, strophic structure) and functional aspects (the various roles of the sonnet in the individual phases of Czech literary history) are taken into account. An important part of the thesis is the revision of the standard narrow formalistic definition of the sonnet. This is substituted with a much broader definition, allowing us to regard various formal experiments as fully-fledged sonnets.

This thesis explores the notion of opposition in the Sonetti romaneschi by the Roman poet Giuseppe Gioachino Belli (1791-1863). It sees the poet as a warring rebel on the literary scene and examines his poetics and rhetoric of war through his choice of form (the hallowed sonnet structure), language (the ‘rotten’ vernacular) and subject (the downtrodden, previously voiceless underclass); it shows that these cornerstones of Belli’s opus are in polemical response to literary stimuli and intimately connected to the political, religious and sociological upheavals in and beyond Rome in the troubled run-up to Unification. Chapter one, entitled ‘Breaking the mould’, draws on Belli’s explicit declaration of war on his literary predecessors, and considers the influence of the Milanese writer Carlo Porta, arguing that Belli is more inimical than amicable, and not the simple imitator as thought to date. Chapter two, ‘A passage of arms: possessing the dialogue sonnet’, maintains that the fulcrum of Belli’s antagonistic poetics and his realist enterprise lies in his unprecedented use of the dialogue sonnet form and the staging of direct debate. Chapter three, entitled ‘The Battle of the Sexes’, treats opposition at a thematic level, applying gender studies and related theory to Belli for the first time. Chapter four, ‘War and peace: the silent revolution’, examines Belli’s creation of a totally new literary language, fulfilling the criteria for what Deleuze and Guattari, within broadly Marxist parameters, would identify as a ‘minor literature’ in the work of Kafka, in which a major language is somehow wrested from its anchors of power, or ‘deterritorialized’, to subvert the literary world from within. The thesis shows that Belli is more revolutionary than previously thought as a literary innovator, and an understudied giant of modern European literature as opposed to the marginal figure the historiography is wont to maintain.

O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma leitura atenta de alguns dos mais emblemáticos sonetos de Vinicius de Moraes, que aparecem na chamada segunda fase de sua poesia, perseguindo assim o modo particular que o poeta tem de enxergar o sentimento amoroso. Propõe-se como hipótese interpretativa que Vinicius elabora, em sua lírica, uma visão singular do amor, capaz de congregar em si o instante e o infinito. Tal perspectiva consiste em dar forma aos anseios de totalidade, inquietação desde o começo presente em seus versos, graças à reunião das esferas do físico e do sublime. O primeiro capítulo desta dissertação traz um breve balanço de sua poesia inicial, rastreando os motivos e os ritmos centrais trabalhados em seus livros de juventude; o segundo capítulo apresenta as análises de alguns dos sonetos de amor escritos a partir de 1938, poemas nos quais o novo modo de compreender o sentimento amoroso surge com maior nitidez; e o capítulo final procura abordar o testemunho lírico do poeta, que se volta, em chave de síntese, para os problemas de seu ofício em \"Poética (I)\" e \"Poética (II)\". / The objective of this study is to present an attentive reading of the most emblematic of Vinicius de Moraes\'s sonnets, which appear in a so-called second phase of his poetry, following the particular way the poet has to regard love. The interpretative hypothesis is that Vinicius elaborates, in his poems, a singular view of love, capable of congregating both the instant and the infinite. Such perspective consists of giving shape to the will to totality, a concern present in his verse since the beginning, due to the union of the physical and sublime spheres. The first chapter of this dissertation brings a short presentation of his initial poetry, tracking the central motives and rhythms in his early books; the second chapter presents the analysis of some love sonnets written from 1938 on, poems in which the new way to understand love appears more distinctly; and the final chapter attempts to approach the poet\'s lyrical testimony, which concerns, synthetically, to the problems of his work in \"Poética (I)\" and \"Poética (II)\".

My dissertation revises our assumptions about the Renaissance commonplace that poetic monuments last longer than marble ones. We tend to understand the commonplace as being about the materiality of artistic media and thus the comparative durability of text and stone. In contrast, I argue that English Renaissance poets and theorists treat the monument of verse as a space where their hopes for the poem’s future converge with broader cultural concerns about the reception of the ancient past and the place of English vernacular poetry within the hierarchy of classical and contemporary European letters. In Renaissance poetics manuals, authors appropriate a newly classicizing architectural vocabulary to communicate confidence in the lasting power of English poetic structures. Through their use of architectural metaphors, they defend their vernacular against charges of vulgar barbarism and promote the civilizing potential of English verse. Yet if lyric poets also turn to architectural metaphors to make claims about poetry’s enduring quality, they simultaneously disclose a deep unease about the perils of textual transmission. Indeed, monumentalizing conceits often appear most powerfully in poetic genres predicated on failed hopes and frustrated desires, that is, in the sonnet sequences and complaints of Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, and William Shakespeare. In acknowledging the fragility of the textual and architectural remains of antiquity, lyric poets from Spenser forward consider their own textual futures with an entirely new sense of urgency. I argue, however, that their unease about the future of their art has as much to do with the genres in which they write and their suspicions about the shifting reading practices of future audiences as it does with the material vulnerability of the medium that transmits that art. In the sonnet sequence in particular, lyric poets who monumentalize their beloved partake in—and anxiously question—early modern practices of constructing funeral monuments for the living. I argue that these poets’ fantasy of entombing those who are still in the prime of their lives turns out to be less about a future rebirth than an obsessive, premature preparation for death. / text

The English Romantic poets of the early nineteenth century wrote numerous poems from genres and styles all across the poetic spectrum. From the epics of ancient origin concerning kings and fanciful settings to the political odes on fallen leaders and even the anthropological histories of what it meant to live in their time, these poets stretched their stylistic legs in many ways. One of the most interesting is their use of the short and rule-bound sonnet form that enjoyed a reemergence during their time. Though stylized throughout its existence, the sonnet most often falls into a specific form with guidelines and rule. What makes the Romantic interest in this form noteworthy is that like the other forms, they found new ways to use the sonnet as a means of poetic experimentation and creative expression. Exploring the various internal and external variations, those changes that took place within the lines and phrases of the sonnet and those that form the organizing and rhyming portions of the poem, this study seeks to establish the ways the Romantics took the uniform techniques of the sonnet and stretched its bounds to find new means of creativity. Close reading of the poems of William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley reveals the variant use of caesura, creative dissonance, as well as original organization and rhyme scheme to accomplish purely Romantic goals within the uniformity of the sonnet form.

Submitted by ROSANA NUNES ALENCAR null (rosananunesalencar@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-02T15:42:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALENCAR, Rosana N. TESE RESPOSITÓRIO UNESP.pdf: 1539664 bytes, checksum: 4a5ee6a7e490c463710444ae8278fbb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-04T17:57:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alencar_rn_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1539664 bytes, checksum: 4a5ee6a7e490c463710444ae8278fbb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T17:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alencar_rn_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1539664 bytes, checksum: 4a5ee6a7e490c463710444ae8278fbb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Empreendemos, nesta pesquisa, um estudo crítico-analítico da produção poética que compreende os livros Liturgia da matéria, Mínima lírica, Trovar claro, Macau, Tarde e Formas do nada, de Paulo Henriques Britto, observando a relação entre o lirismo contemporâneo e o lirismo constituído pelas tradições clássico-renascentista, romântica e moderna. A hipótese é a de que para esse poeta existe um incômodo, ou seja, um mal-estar, quando a questão é o lirismo contemporâneo. A produção poética de Britto, configurada nos seis livros que publicou ao longo de 30 anos de carreira, coloca-se como autorreflexiva, questionando a sua natureza e a sua função em meio a uma época saturada de projetos, em tese, finalizados, haja vista já ter sido anunciado o fim da modernidade e o das utopias disseminadas pelas vanguardas europeias e pelo modernismo brasileiro. Seja no modo de ser da linguagem, seja na escolha de temas, seja na organização formal, investigamos nessa produção poética a constituição do lirismo na contemporaneidade que, por sua vez, retorna à modernidade, do final do século XIX e início do século XX, e retorna também ao soneto com o intuito de promover uma discussão norteada pelo uso das formas poéticas. Depreendemos, do estudo realizado, que o lirismo de Britto se constitui das leituras que faz, dos poetas que traduz, das discussões que propõe a partir das formas fixas e livres, enfim, da autorreflexividade crítica. Aliada a essa experiência poética, inserem-se possibilidades que priorizam o “aqui e agora”. Lemos, nesse “aqui e agora”, a manifestação de traços da literatura contemporânea, que vão desde o modo como o poeta se posiciona no seu presente à modulação que realiza do passado. A sua poesia demanda um trabalho de recolocar questões e, ao fazê-lo, altera o cenário por onde transita. Do ponto de vista teórico-crítico, fundamentam esta pesquisa concepções de estudiosos como Hugo Friedrich, Michel Hamburguer, Alfonso Berardinelli, Octavio Paz, Michel Collot, Gottfried Benn, Marcos Siscar, Arlenice Almeida da Silva e Célia Pedrosa. / We develop, in this research, a critical and analytical study of the poetic production that comprises the books Liturgia da matéria, Mínima lírica, Trovar claro, Macau, Tarde and Formas do nada, by Paulo Henriques Britto, observing the relationship between the contemporary lyricism and the lyricism of the Classical, Renaissance, Romantic and Modern traditions. The hypothesis is that, for that poet, there is a discomfort, that is, an uneasiness regarding the contemporary lyricism. Britto's poetic production, arranged in the six books published throughout the thirty years of his career, positions itself as self-reflexive, questioning its nature and its function in a period flooded by projects that are, in theory, already finished, given the announcements of the end of the Modernity, as well as of the utopias widespread by the European Vangards and by the Brazilian Modernism. Whether related to the manner of the language, whether to the choice of themes, whether to its formal organization, we investigate, in that poetic production, the constitution of the lyricism in contemporaneity, that recaptures the sonnet with the intention of promoting a discussion of the use of poetic forms and also recaptures the modern aporias of end of the 19th century and of the beginning of the 20th. We concluded, from the study carried out, that Britto’s lyricism is constituted by the readings that he does, by the poets he translates, by the discussions he proposes about the fixed and unfixed forms, in short, by the critical self-reflexivity. Combined with this poetic experience, a world of possibilities that prioritizes the “here and now” is placed. We interpret this “here and now” as the manifestation of aspects of the contemporary literature, ranging from the way the poet positions himself in his present to the modulation that he carries out about the past. His poetry demands the task of posing questions and, in doing so, changes the scenario where it transits. From the theoretical and critical perspective, this work is grounded in conceptions provided by researchers such as Hugo Friedrich, Michel Hamburguer, Alfonso Berardinelli, Octavio Paz, Michel Collot, Gottfried Benn, Marcos Siscar, Arlenice Almeida da Silva and Célia Pedrosa.