Climate change and introduced species are among the top five threats to freshwater systems face. Tropical regions are considered to be especially sensitive to the effects of climate change, while island systems are more susceptible to species introductions. Climate-driven changes in rainfall are predicted to decrease streamflow and increase flash flooding in many tropical streams. In addition, guppies (Poecilia reticulata), an invasive fish, have been introduced to many tropical freshwater ecosystems, either intentionally for mosquito population control, or accidentally because of the aquarium trade. This dissertation examines the effects of climate-driven change in rainfall and introduced guppies on stream structure (resource and invertebrate biomass and composition) and function (nutrient recycling) in Trinidad and Hawaii. In the first data chapter we used a time series to examine how nutrient recycling of guppies changes in the first 6 years after introduction to a new habitat and to examine drivers of these changes. We found that when guppy populations establish in a new environment, they show considerable variation in nutrient recycling through time. This resulted from changes in guppy density in the first two years of introductions, and changes in individual excretion in subsequent stages. In the following chapter we utilized a rainfall gradient that mimics forecasted, climate-driven changes in precipitation and resulting changes in streamflow to examine the effects of climate change on stream food resources and macroinvertebrates. We found that the drying of streams across the gradient was associated with a decrease in resource quality and a 35-fold decline in macroinvertebrate biomass. Invertebrate composition also switched to taxa with faster turnover rates. In the third data chapter we used this same space-for-time substitution approach to determine if climate-driven changes in stream structure also affected stream function. We showed that population nutrient recycling rates declined at the drier end of our rainfall gradient as a result of drops in population densities. We also found that under the current climate scenario, community excretion supplied up to 70% of the nutrient demand, which was ten-fold lower with projected climate changes in streamflow. Lastly, since freshwater ecosystems often face multiple human impacts, including climate change and invasive species, we wanted to understand how climate-driven changes in flow might alter the impact of introduced guppies on stream ecosystems. We selected several streams with guppies and several without guppies along the Hawaii rainfall gradient to examine if the effect of guppies changed with differences in streamflow. We found that the two stressors had synergistic effects on macroinvertebrate biomass and nutrient recycling rates. We concluded that climate change appeared to enhance effects of guppies, through direct and indirect effects. Overall, this dissertation shows that both climate change and species invasion can affect stream ecosystems at multiple levels of organization. This dissertation demonstrates that the effects of anthropogenic stressors are not static through time, and emphasizes the need and utility of using several methodological approaches when measuring the temporal effects of stressors. We also underline the significance of assessing multiple stressor interactions, as more than one stressor often impacts ecosystems. / Graduate / 2019-09-01

This thesis studies how architecture and planning influence community living through relationships between public spaces, housing, and circulation that focus on stimulating social activities for the betterment of service industry workers’ way of life. Our built environment can not only connect people to one another or to activities or to places, but it can also isolate people. For the service-based populace of Lake Louise, Alberta, isolation is a recurring factor in various aspects of their lives. The design attempts to establish connections between the people and the community, to eradicate the barriers that fragment the community without neglecting the necessity of refuge for the individual.

This research investigate the use of Moodle in the degree in Physics on-line at UAB/UFAL understanding that this space offers the construction of ideas, through interaction between professors, tutors on-line and students, using the tools offered in the ambient. There was in investigation on how the interfaces offered in the Moodle to the specific classes of the degree in Physics on-line at UAB/UFAL were utilized by professors, tutors on-line and students helping the process of teaching and learning. The objectives of the research were to analyze the specificity of each class in the utilization of different tools, investigating the domain of the tools available in Moodle through professors, to increase the dynamics of the course, to analyze the dynamic of the use of the tools by students and tutor on-line in the utilization of the built acknowledge, both individual and in group. Also, to describe different ways that offer efficient planning, and changing in posture and attitude to the postage of tools and activities on AVA. It was utilized the fundaments in theory about the utilization of AVA from studies from Silva (2003), Santos (2003), Almeida (2003), Schlemmer (2002), Pereira (2007), Kenski (2003) and Okada (2003). The research was characterized by a study in the case of a qualitative approach. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, essays to professors, to tutors on-line and to students and to participative observation in the Moodle. To the universe of the research, I selected 54 people as a study group during the two semesters of the course in the year of 2008.1 in classes offered, but 38 of them were students who were present during the research in Maceio, Santana do Ipanema and Olho DÁgua das Flores, 8 professors and 8 tutors on-line. As a result, it was discovered that they had few gaps: difficult in access the platform, professors with difficulties to form the class in the environment, offer class material to the students, the use of the tools, a lack of interaction and intervention of professors and tutors on-line before the questions imposed by students and a limited autonomy in the search of their own acknowledge. But, I could see an eager and constant search to improve acknowledge in the practice to utilize Moodle in their classes. This happened because professors, tutors on-line and students were available to a systematic monitoring and an adequate instruction based on support, dialogue and collaboration. / Esta pesquisa investiga a utilização do Moodle no curso de Licenciatura em Física a distância da UAB/UFAL como espaço que propicia a construção de conceitos, por meio da interação entre professores, tutores online e alunos, a partir das interfaces disponibilizadas no ambiente. Investigou-se como as interfaces disponibilizadas no Moodle para as disciplinas específicas do curso de Licenciatura em Física a distância da UAB/UFAL foram utilizadas pelos professores, tutores online e alunos no auxílio ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram analisar a especificidade de cada disciplina do curso na utilização de interfaces diferentes, investigar o domínio das interfaces disponibilizadas no Moodle pelos professores, para potencializar a dinâmica do curso, analisar a dinâmica de utilização das interfaces pelo aluno e tutor online na elaboração e construção do conhecimento, tanto individual como em grupo, e descrever alternativas que possibilitem um planejamento eficaz e uma mudança de postura e atitude quanto à postagem de interfaces e atividades no AVA. Utilizou-se a fundamentação teórica sobre AVA a partir dos estudos de Silva (2003), Santos (2003), Almeida (2003), Schlemmer (2002), Pereira (2007), Kenski (2003) e Okada (2003). A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso numa abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados através das entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários para professores, para tutores online e para os alunos e da observação no Moodle. Para o universo da pesquisa foram selecionados 54 sujeitos como grupo para estudo dos dois primeiros semestres do curso no ano letivo de 2007.2 e 2008.1 nas disciplinas ofertadas, dos quais 38 foram alunos que estavam presentes para realização da pesquisa nos polos de Maceió, Santana do Ipanema e Olho d‟Água das Flores, 8 professores de disciplinas e 8 tutores online. Como resultado, foi constatado que os sujeitos apresentaram algumas lacunas: dificuldade de acesso à plataforma, professores com dificuldades em montar a disciplina no ambiente, disponibilizar o material didático para os alunos, o manuseio nas interfaces, as poucas interações e intervenções dos professores e tutores online mediante os questionamentos e dúvidas dos alunos e uma autonomia ainda limitada na busca constante do seu próprio conhecimento. O desejo por uma melhor prática na utilização do Moodle no curso pôde ser constatado, pelo fato de professores, tutores online e alunos estarem à disposição para um acompanhamento sistemático e uma formação adequada, baseada no apoio, no diálogo e na colaboração.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaliaMMCL.pdf: 4056063 bytes, checksum: 8e35238580b2603c827558d35807539f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-03 / A problem?tica atual da urbaniza??o coloca quest?es delicadas referentes ao seu ritmo de crescimento, sua rela??o com o desenvolvimento econ?mico, o aparecimento de novas formas urbanas e sua rela??o com as novas maneiras de articula??o capitalista. A compreens?o espacial do lazer nas cidades apresenta-se, assim, como tema de grande import?ncia para as sociedades contempor?neas. O interesse e a import?ncia de tratar esse tema na cidade do Natal - enfocando-se a distribui??o dos espa?os p?blicos de lazer nos diversos bairros e sua utiliza??o pelos seus habitantes - justifica-se pelo fato dessa capital apresentar um crescimento populacional surpreendente nos ?ltimos anos, tendo uma expans?o urbana desordenada que se reflete na car?ncia de infra-estrutura urbana e numa forte segrega??o espacial. Foram feitas a verifica??o da disponibilidade de espa?os p?blicos de lazer nos bairros e a identifica??o dos diversos fatores que interferem na utiliza??o desses espa?os, visando contribuir para a compreens?o do fen?meno do lazer urbano, bem como, para o aprofundamento da discuss?o acerca da fun??o social desses, que possibilite montar estrat?gias para a utiliza??o de forma democr?tica desses espa?os nas cidades. Para tanto foi necess?ria uma articula??o te?rica das quest?es peltinentes ao espa?o urbano e ao lazer, que formam uma ?rea epistemol?gica de interse??o quando trata das quest?es referentes ao direito ? cidadania, onde est? contemplado o direito ? cidade (? moradia e ao seu entomo). Os dados para que caracterizaram as viv?ncias do lazer nos espa?os p?blicos da cidade foram levantados em tr?s fontes: nos documentos (plano diretor da cidade, planos de pol?ticas p?blicas entre outros), nas entrevistas com a comunidade e nas observa??es diretas dos espa?os de manifesta??es do lazer. A an?lise aponta que existe uma distribui??o irregular dos espa?os p?blicos de lazer, por bairro e Regi?o Administrativa da cidade do Natal que apresenta rela??o com a segrega??o espacial por classe, existente na cidade, fruto da din?mica econ?mica e pr?ticas sociais aqui existentes. Constata-se ainda que a camada desprovida desses equipamentos de lazer n?o age espontaneamente, nem atrav?s de seus representantes e mandat?rios institucionais, em prol da distribui??o de oportunidades nesses campos, possibilitando que a segrega??o continue em c?rculos viciosos, pois a pr?pria segrega??o dificulta o encontro, a percep??o das diferen?as e o conflito, que podem ser resgatados numa nova forma de organiza??o do cotidiano

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-30T13:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cybelle Saad Sabino de Freitas Faria - 2018.pdf: 4524266 bytes, checksum: d181790012488b205f83c7c620ba71b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-30T14:05:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cybelle Saad Sabino de Freitas Faria - 2018.pdf: 4524266 bytes, checksum: d181790012488b205f83c7c620ba71b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-30T14:05:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cybelle Saad Sabino de Freitas Faria - 2018.pdf: 4524266 bytes, checksum: d181790012488b205f83c7c620ba71b5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / The path to be followed by the child and / or adolescent victim of violence is perverse and victimizing. In the justice system they face the same obstacles as adults in addition to facing barriers and impediments linked to their vulnerability. The new law 13.431, which comes into force in April 2018, determines new conduct in the relationship of justice with the child and adolescent public. Their reception and care should be conducted in a friendly environment, separate from the Hearing Room, especially designed to promote their psychological protection. However, in the legal area, it is not specified how these sites should be, in the architectural scope subjective parameters for planning such spaces are not observed and within the scope of the administration of justice there are difficulties linked to the lack of long term planning, resources and bureaucratic obstacles. In the buildings chosen as object of study, the Criminal Forum and the Juvenile Court of Children and Youth, both located in the city of Goiânia, were identified inadequacies and possibilities. The objective of this study is to identify the desirable material and immaterial qualities in the environments for the care of children and adolescents who participate in the procedures of justice through the study of physical, psychoemotional and symbolic-cultural needs, desires and values ​​alluding to this age group. As a result, the study provides guidelines for new configurations of judicial spaces for children and adolescents based on objective and subjective aspects. / O caminho a ser percorrido pela criança e/ou adolescente vítima de violência é perverso e vitimizador. No sistema de justiça enfrentam os mesmos obstáculos que os adultos além de confrontar com barreiras e impedimentos ligados à sua condição de vulnerabilidade. A nova lei 13.431, que entra em vigor em abril de 2018, determina novas condutas na relação da justiça com o público infanto-juvenil. O acolhimento e atendimento deles deve ser realizado em ambiente amigável, em local separado da Sala de Audiências, especialmente planejado para promover a proteção psicológica destes. No entanto, no âmbito jurídico, não se especifica como devem ser estes locais, no âmbito arquitetônico não se observam parâmetros subjetivos para planejamento de tais espaços e no âmbito da administração da justiça, estão presentes dificuldades ligadas à falta de planejamento de longo prazo, carência de recursos e entraves burocráticos. Nas edificações escolhidas como objeto de estudo, o Fórum Criminal e o Juizado da Infância e Juventude, ambas situadas na cidade de Goiânia, foram identificadas inadequações e possibilidades. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as qualidades materiais e imateriais desejáveis nos ambientes destinados ao atendimento de crianças e adolescentes que participam dos procedimentos da justiça através do estudo das necessidades, desejos e valores físicos, psicoemocionais e simbólico-culturais alusivos a esta faixa etária. Como resultado, o estudo traz diretrizes para novas configurações de espaços judiciais para crianças e adolescentes baseados em aspectos objetivos e subjetivos.

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This essay discusses the relationship between the employees at Swedish municipalities working at labor market units and their participants. The aim is to understand how their big room for action affects how they see their role and what this does to the help they are able to give the participants. The aim is also to give insight into how other organizations play a role in the creation of trust between the participants and the employees. This is done by breaking down the aim in two different questions: Question 1: How do the employees in labor market interventions view their service based on their room for action within the business and how does this affect their relationship with the client? Question 2: How do the employees use their room for action to help the participants orient themselves in the authority landscape? The data has been collected using a qualitative method and interviews with ten employees at four municipalities have been conducted. The theories used are aspects from the following theories: emotion sociology, professionalism and grassroots bureaucrats. The main findings are that the employees use their own personal life and personalities to make connections with the participants. They go outside of the realm of their job if they think it will help the participants and every employee makes a distinction in where to draw the line regarding what is part of their job.

Density is more about an experienced nearness to functions and activities than buildingsbeing physically close to each other. Density is interaction, and the intensity of itdepends on accessibility to the functions and activities of the built environment. The current planning, continuing the thoughts of the modernist, are a threat to publichealth and the environment, as sprawling settlements demand more resources forinfrastructure and time spent commuting between home and work, taking up the timeto spend with family and friends. The suburban planning principles of the Swedish housing estate unit have graduallytransformed the suburban neighbourhoods into dispersed, disconnected islands, wheresocial life is inhibited in the mere configuration of space. Legibility of the urban environment is important regarding orientation and navigation,but also to understand the underlying meanings of spaces and places. The urbanstructure should be easily read to be understandable in the choices of everyday life. How we understand the boundaries and transitions of our surrounding affects howspaces are used. Unclear territorial interfaces, like the open space landscape ofmodernist planning feels too exposed to be appropriated. If activities should take placein the outdoor environment, there must be a certain quality to the spaces that areinviting and promote interaction between people. The suburban housing estate neighbourhoods can be developed to promote thisinteraction, providing spaces where the different layers of social life can take place, fromthe private home – through mediating interfaces of front yards, indoor collective spaceand collective gardens – to the public realm of the streets, pathways and parks. The thesis studies the suburban neighbourhood Årsta in eastern Uppsala, whichshows the signs of a disperse suburban housing estate in its configuration of buildings,withdrawn from the streets, turning inward away from the public spaces. By adding built volume within the existing structure of the open yards, the boundariesbetween the public and the private spaces can be clearly defined and new activatedspaces can be created. Many fronts towards the streets and paths make people meet inevery-day life and new types of spaces can be used to set a framework for interactionbetween residents as well as outsiders. Such spaces can also work as a buffer betweenpublic life and the private dwelling, e.g. a collective garden mediates the space inbetween a pedestrian path and an inner yard.

The thesis is conceived as a conceptual urban design of an area in the wider part of Brno city centre, in the district Brno-Zábrdovice. It works with the new principles of the compact city. It is focused primarily on the resurgence of streets, public spaces, waterfront of Svitava river, construction of areas for housing in the form of block of houses and revitalization of Cejl street. Project is designed according to contemporary urban design principles and eliminates the degree of flooding by automobile traffic in Brno city centre.

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Konzeption und Erprobung eines Lehrkonzeptes für die Reflexionsarbeit in pädagogischen Handlungsfeldern vor. Um den Erfolg des Seminars und das Erreichen der Lernziele zu gewährleisten, wurden die Studierenden zu einer größtenteils interaktiven Erarbeitung des Lernstoffes sowie zur Aufarbeitung eigener Denk- und Handlungsmuster motiviert und angeleitet. Neben der Entwicklung einer reflexiven Haltung war das Ziel zudem, den Teilnehmenden ein Bewusstsein für die Chancen und „Risiken“ der Selbst- und Fremdreflexion in der pädagogischen Praxis zu vermitteln.