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Showing 41 to 50 of 50 (0.027 seconds)| 41 |
UV-fotochemické generování těkavých sloučenin selenu a teluru / UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds of selenium and telluriumNováková, Eliška January 2017 (has links)
The presented thesis deals with UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds of Se and Te from various species. The aim of the project was to expand the current state of knowledge by the application of photocatalytic reduction of higher oxidation states of Se and Te for the speciation analysis based on UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. The first step of the study was the assembly of the apparatus for the photocatalysed UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. The material of reactor and the whole experimental set-up were based on literature survey and previous research done in our research group. Experiments were directed towards finding the optimum conditions for generation of volatile compounds of selected model elements Se and Te. Se was studied as the element most commonly determined by the UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. Conversely, Te was selected as a model analyte representing elements forming less stable volatile compounds. The second part was the application of the optimised method of photocatalysed UV- photochemical generation of volatile Se compound to the determination of Se in water matrices, liquid certified reference materials and also samples of dietary supplements. TiO2/UV-photochemical generation was also successfully modified to...
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Minting America: Coinage and the Contestation of American Identity, 1775-1800Ambuske, James Patrick 01 December 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Studio della storia evoluzionistica e conservazione delle specie zootecniche attraverso analisi di genomica del paesaggio e modelli di nicchia ecologica / EXPLORING LIVESTOCK EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, DIVERSITY, ADAPTATION AND CONSERVATION THROUGH LANDSCAPE GENOMICS AND ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGVAJANA, ELIA 31 May 2017 (has links)
Attività antropiche e pressioni di mercato stanno rapidamente riducendo la biodiversità. Per questa ragione, conservare il patrimonio ecosistemico, tassonomico e genetico risulta fondamentale al fine di garantire potenziale adattativo alle specie, e, in ultima analisi, un futuro sostenibile per il pianeta. Al fine di minimizzare la perdita di biodiversità, numerosi metodi sono stati proposti per priorizzare ecosistemi, specie e popolazioni. Il presente lavoro di tesi fornisce in primo luogo una revisione di tali approcci, proponendo un albero decisionale volto a favorirne un corretto utilizzo. Secondariamente, la variabilità genomica neutrale del bufalo d’acqua (Bubalus bubalis L.) è investigata per mezzo di un pannello di marcatori SNP a media densità, rivelando due centri di domesticazione (India Nord-occidentale, Cina-Indocina) e possibili rotte di migrazione per gli ecotipi ‘river’ e ‘swamp’. L’adattamento locale ad East Coast Fever, patologia endemica delle popolazioni bovine in Africa Sub-sahariana, è stato inoltre studiato in bovini autoctoni Ugandesi (Bos taurus L.) combinando tecniche di modellizzazione delle nicchie ecologiche e di genomica del paesaggio. L’approccio ha portato ad indentificare PRKG1 e SLA2 come possibili geni di adattamento. I risultati sono discussi alla luce delle possibili implicazioni nella conservazione del bufalo e nella gestione delle risorse genetiche animali Ugandesi. / Biodiversity is quickly disappearing due to human impact on the biosphere, and to market pressure. Consequently, the protection of both wild and domestic species needs to become a priority in order to preserve their evolutionary potential and, ultimately, guarantee a sustainable future for coming human generations. To date, tens of methods have been proposed to prioritize biodiversity for conservation purposes. Here, an ontology for priority setting in conservation biology is provided with the aim of supporting the selection of the most opportune methodologies given specific conservation goals. Further, two case studies are presented characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and indigenous Ugandan cattle (Bos taurus L.), respectively. In particular, two independent domestication centres (North-western India and Indochina) and separate migration routes are suggested for the ‘river’ and ‘swamp’ water buffalo types. In the case of indigenous Ugandan cattle, the integration of species distribution modelling and landscape genomics techniques allowed the identification of PRKG1 and SLA2 as candidate genes for local adaptation to East Coast Fever, a vector-borne disease affecting bovine populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. Results are discussed for their implications in water buffalo conservation and Ugandan cattle adaptive management.
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Isolation and identification of native microalgae for biodiesel productionAbdelaziz, Ahmed E. M. 01 1900 (has links)
La demande croissante en carburants, ainsi que les changements climatiques dus au réchauffement planétaire poussent le monde entier à chercher des sources d’énergie capables de produire des combustibles alternatifs aux combustibles fossiles. Durant les dernières années, plusieurs sources potentielles ont été identifiées, les premières à être considérées sont les plantes oléagineuses comme source de biocarburant, cependant l’utilisation de végétaux ou d’huiles végétales ayant un lien avec l’alimentation humaine peut engendrer une hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires, sans oublier les questions éthiques qui s’imposent. De plus, l'usage des huiles non comestibles comme sources de biocarburants, comme l’huile de jatropha, de graines de tabac ou de jojoba, révèle un problème de manque de terre arable ce qui oblige à réduire les terres cultivables de l'industrie agricole et alimentaire au profit des cultures non comestibles.
Dans ce contexte, l'utilisation de microorganismes aquatiques, tels que les microalgues comme substrats pour la production de biocarburant semble être une meilleure solution. Les microalgues sont faciles à cultiver et peuvent croitre avec peu ou pas d'entretien. Elles peuvent ainsi se développer dans des eaux douces, saumâtres ou salées de même que dans les terres non cultivables. Le rendement en lipide peut être largement supérieur aux autres sources de biocarburant potentiel, sans oublier qu’elles ne sont pas comestibles et sans aucun impact sur l'industrie alimentaire. De plus, la culture intensive de microalgues pour la production de biodiesel pourrait également jouer un rôle important dans l'atténuation des émissions de CO2.
Dans le cache de ce travail, nous avons isolé et identifié morphologiquement des espèces de microalgues natives du Québec, pour ensuite examiner et mesurer leur potentiel de production de lipides (biodiesel). L’échantillonnage fut réalisé dans trois régions différentes du Québec: la région de Montréal, la gaspésie et le nord du Québec, et dans des eaux douces, saumâtres ou salées. Cent souches ont été isolées à partir de la région de Montréal, caractérisées et sélectionnées selon la teneur en lipides et leur élimination des nutriments dans les eaux usées à des températures différentes (10 ± 2°C et 22 ± 2°C). Les espèces ayant une production potentiellement élevée en lipides ont été sélectionnées. L’utilisation des eaux usées, comme milieu de culture, diminue le coût de production du biocarburant et sert en même temps d'outil pour le traitement des eaux usées. Nous avons comparé la biomasse et le rendement en lipides des souches cultivées dans une eau usée par apport à ceux dans un milieu synthétique, pour finalement identifié un certain nombre d'isolats ayant montré une bonne croissance à 10°C, voir une teneur élevée en lipides (allant de 20% à 45% du poids sec) ou une grande capacité d'élimination de nutriment (>97% d'élimination).
De plus, nous avons caractérisé l'une des souches intéressantes ayant montré une production en lipides et une biomasse élevée, soit la microalgue Chlorella sp. PCH90. Isolée au Québec, sa phylogénie moléculaire a été établie et les études sur la production de lipides en fonction de la concentration initiale de nitrate, phosphate et chlorure de sodium ont été réalisées en utilisant de la méthodologie des surfaces de réponse. Dans les conditions appropriées, cette microalgue pourrait produire jusqu'à 36% de lipides et croitre à la fois dans un milieu synthétique et un milieu issu d'un flux secondaire de traitement des eaux usées, et cela à 22°C ou 10°C. Ainsi, on peut conclure que cette souche est prometteuse pour poursuivre le développement en tant que productrice potentielle de biocarburants dans des conditions climatiques locales. / The continuing increase in fuel demands, the dramatic situation in climate changes and the global warming are bringing the worldwide attention to the identification of alternative energy source for the production of combustibles that can replace fossil fuel. In last years, a lot of potential sources have been identified: the first potential biofuel feedstock that have been evaluated were oleaginous plants, but the utilization of vegetable, or vegetable oils, that may also be used for human feeding, could lead to the increase of food-grade oils costs and also generate ethic questions. Nevertheless, also using as biofuel sources not-edible oils, like oils from jatropha, tobacco seed or jojoba, the common problem for both edible and not-edible crops is the need to subtract arable land from agriculture and food industry.
In this context, the utilization of aquatic microorganisms like microalgae as substrate for the production of biofuel seems to be the better solution. Microalgae are easy to cultivate and can grow with little or no attention, they can grow in fresh, brackish or salt water and in non-arable lands, moreover they are not edible with no consequences on food industry, and the oil productivity, with respect to the other potential biofuel sources, can be much higher. In addition, the intensive cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production could also play an important role in CO2 mitigation.
In this study, we isolated and morphologically identified Québec native micro algal species, surveyed and screened their potential for lipid (biodiesel) production. The sampling efforts made in three different regions of Québec: Montreal area, Gaspesie and Northern of Quebec; on fresh, brackish or saline water. One hundred strains were isolated from the Montreal area, characterized and screened for their lipid content and wastewater nutrient removal under different temperatures (10±2 ºC and 22±2 ºC). The high potential lipid producing algal species were selected. The use of wastewater as a substrate media decreases the economic cost realted to the biofuel production from microalgae as well as an interesting tool for wastewater treatment. We compared the biomass and lipid productivity of these strains on wastewater to a synthetic medium and identified a number of isolates that showed good growth at 10 ºC, gave a high lipid content (ranging from 20% to 45% of dry weight) or a high capacity for nutrient removal (>97% removal).
Furthermore, we characterized one of the interesting strains that revealed high lipid and biomass productivity, the novel microalga Chlorella sp. PCH90. Its molecular phylogeny was established and lipid production studies as a function of the initial concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and sodium chloride were carried out using Response Surface Methodology. Under the appropriate conditions this microalga could produce up to 36% lipid and grew well in both synthetic medium and secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant at both 22°C and 10°C. Thus, this strain is promising for further development as a potential biofuels producer under local climatic conditions.
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Isolation and identification of native microalgae for biodiesel productionAbdelaziz, Ahmed EM 01 1900 (has links)
La demande croissante en carburants, ainsi que les changements climatiques dus au réchauffement planétaire poussent le monde entier à chercher des sources d’énergie capables de produire des combustibles alternatifs aux combustibles fossiles. Durant les dernières années, plusieurs sources potentielles ont été identifiées, les premières à être considérées sont les plantes oléagineuses comme source de biocarburant, cependant l’utilisation de végétaux ou d’huiles végétales ayant un lien avec l’alimentation humaine peut engendrer une hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires, sans oublier les questions éthiques qui s’imposent. De plus, l'usage des huiles non comestibles comme sources de biocarburants, comme l’huile de jatropha, de graines de tabac ou de jojoba, révèle un problème de manque de terre arable ce qui oblige à réduire les terres cultivables de l'industrie agricole et alimentaire au profit des cultures non comestibles.
Dans ce contexte, l'utilisation de microorganismes aquatiques, tels que les microalgues comme substrats pour la production de biocarburant semble être une meilleure solution. Les microalgues sont faciles à cultiver et peuvent croitre avec peu ou pas d'entretien. Elles peuvent ainsi se développer dans des eaux douces, saumâtres ou salées de même que dans les terres non cultivables. Le rendement en lipide peut être largement supérieur aux autres sources de biocarburant potentiel, sans oublier qu’elles ne sont pas comestibles et sans aucun impact sur l'industrie alimentaire. De plus, la culture intensive de microalgues pour la production de biodiesel pourrait également jouer un rôle important dans l'atténuation des émissions de CO2.
Dans le cache de ce travail, nous avons isolé et identifié morphologiquement des espèces de microalgues natives du Québec, pour ensuite examiner et mesurer leur potentiel de production de lipides (biodiesel). L’échantillonnage fut réalisé dans trois régions différentes du Québec: la région de Montréal, la gaspésie et le nord du Québec, et dans des eaux douces, saumâtres ou salées. Cent souches ont été isolées à partir de la région de Montréal, caractérisées et sélectionnées selon la teneur en lipides et leur élimination des nutriments dans les eaux usées à des températures différentes (10 ± 2°C et 22 ± 2°C). Les espèces ayant une production potentiellement élevée en lipides ont été sélectionnées. L’utilisation des eaux usées, comme milieu de culture, diminue le coût de production du biocarburant et sert en même temps d'outil pour le traitement des eaux usées. Nous avons comparé la biomasse et le rendement en lipides des souches cultivées dans une eau usée par apport à ceux dans un milieu synthétique, pour finalement identifié un certain nombre d'isolats ayant montré une bonne croissance à 10°C, voir une teneur élevée en lipides (allant de 20% à 45% du poids sec) ou une grande capacité d'élimination de nutriment (>97% d'élimination).
De plus, nous avons caractérisé l'une des souches intéressantes ayant montré une production en lipides et une biomasse élevée, soit la microalgue Chlorella sp. PCH90. Isolée au Québec, sa phylogénie moléculaire a été établie et les études sur la production de lipides en fonction de la concentration initiale de nitrate, phosphate et chlorure de sodium ont été réalisées en utilisant de la méthodologie des surfaces de réponse. Dans les conditions appropriées, cette microalgue pourrait produire jusqu'à 36% de lipides et croitre à la fois dans un milieu synthétique et un milieu issu d'un flux secondaire de traitement des eaux usées, et cela à 22°C ou 10°C. Ainsi, on peut conclure que cette souche est prometteuse pour poursuivre le développement en tant que productrice potentielle de biocarburants dans des conditions climatiques locales. / The continuing increase in fuel demands, the dramatic situation in climate changes and the global warming are bringing the worldwide attention to the identification of alternative energy source for the production of combustibles that can replace fossil fuel. In last years, a lot of potential sources have been identified: the first potential biofuel feedstock that have been evaluated were oleaginous plants, but the utilization of vegetable, or vegetable oils, that may also be used for human feeding, could lead to the increase of food-grade oils costs and also generate ethic questions. Nevertheless, also using as biofuel sources not-edible oils, like oils from jatropha, tobacco seed or jojoba, the common problem for both edible and not-edible crops is the need to subtract arable land from agriculture and food industry.
In this context, the utilization of aquatic microorganisms like microalgae as substrate for the production of biofuel seems to be the better solution. Microalgae are easy to cultivate and can grow with little or no attention, they can grow in fresh, brackish or salt water and in non-arable lands, moreover they are not edible with no consequences on food industry, and the oil productivity, with respect to the other potential biofuel sources, can be much higher. In addition, the intensive cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production could also play an important role in CO2 mitigation.
In this study, we isolated and morphologically identified Québec native micro algal species, surveyed and screened their potential for lipid (biodiesel) production. The sampling efforts made in three different regions of Québec: Montreal area, Gaspesie and Northern of Quebec; on fresh, brackish or saline water. One hundred strains were isolated from the Montreal area, characterized and screened for their lipid content and wastewater nutrient removal under different temperatures (10±2 ºC and 22±2 ºC). The high potential lipid producing algal species were selected. The use of wastewater as a substrate media decreases the economic cost realted to the biofuel production from microalgae as well as an interesting tool for wastewater treatment. We compared the biomass and lipid productivity of these strains on wastewater to a synthetic medium and identified a number of isolates that showed good growth at 10 ºC, gave a high lipid content (ranging from 20% to 45% of dry weight) or a high capacity for nutrient removal (>97% removal).
Furthermore, we characterized one of the interesting strains that revealed high lipid and biomass productivity, the novel microalga Chlorella sp. PCH90. Its molecular phylogeny was established and lipid production studies as a function of the initial concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and sodium chloride were carried out using Response Surface Methodology. Under the appropriate conditions this microalga could produce up to 36% lipid and grew well in both synthetic medium and secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant at both 22°C and 10°C. Thus, this strain is promising for further development as a potential biofuels producer under local climatic conditions.
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Minting America coinage and the contestation of American identity, 1775-1800 /Ambuske, James Patrick. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
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Estimação clássica e bayesiana para relação espécieárea com distribuições truncadas no zeroArrabal, Claude Thiago 23 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
4453.pdf: 2980949 bytes, checksum: a5e49490266d2a0b649d487d8bf298d5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In ecology, understanding the species-area relationship (SARs) are extremely important to determine species diversity. SARs are fundamental to assess the impact due to the destruction of natural habitats, creation of biodiversity maps, to determine the minimum area to preserve. In this study, the number of species is observed in different area sizes. These studies are referred in the literature through nonlinear models without assuming any distribution for the data. In this situation, it only makes sense to consider areas in which the counts of species are greater than zero. As the dependent variable is a count data, we assume that this variable comes from a known distribution for discrete data positive. In this paper, we used the zero truncated Poisson distribution (ZTP) and zero truncated Negative Binomial (ZTNB) to represent the probability distribution of the random variable species diversity number. To describe the relationship between species diversity and habitat, we consider nonlinear models with asymptotic behavior: Exponencial Negativo, Weibull, Logístico, Chapman-Richards, Gompertz e Beta. In this paper, we take a Bayesian approach to fit models. With the purpose of obtain the conditional distributions, we propose the use of latent variables to implement the Gibbs sampler. Introducing a comparative study through simulated data and will consider an application to a real data set. / Em ecologia, a compreensão da relação espécie-área (SARs) é de extrema importância para a determinação da diversidade de espécies e avaliar o impacto devido à destruição de habitats naturais. Neste estudo, observa-se o número de espécies em diferentes tamanhos de área. Estes estudos são abordados na literatura através de modelos não lineares sem assumir alguma distribuição para os dados. Nesta situação, só faz sentido considerar áreas nas quais as contagens das espécies são maiores do que zero. Como a variável dependente é um dado de contagem, assumiremos que esta variável provém de alguma distribuição conhecida para dados discretos positivos. Neste trabalho, utilizamos as distribuições de Poisson zero-truncada (PZT) e Binomial Negativa zero-truncada (BNZT) para representar a distribuição do número de espécies. Para descrever a relação espécie-área, consideramos os modelos não lineares com comportamento assintótico: Exponencial Negativo, Weibull, Logístico, Chapman-Richards, Gompertz e Beta. Neste trabalho os modelos foram ajustados através do método de verossimilhança, sendo proposto uma abordagem Bayesiana com a utilização de variáveis latentes auxiliares para a implementação do Amostrador de Gibbs.
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Variabilidade de plantas e progênies de populações naturais de Hancornia speciosa Gomes do Cerrado / Plants and progenies variability of Hancornia speciosa natural populations from Brazilian CerradoGANGA, Rita Maria Devós 30 July 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese_Rita_Maria_Devos_Ganga.pdf: 530368 bytes, checksum: 313a466ca42e845ba20f6b19bca53337 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-07-30 / The mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit tree native from Brazil
with potential for domestication, due to its excellent smell, flavor and texture. However,
genetic conservation and breeding programs of these species are in an initial
developmental phase. This way, this research aimed to characterize trees and fruits of
natural populations of H. speciosa, as well as evaluate the distribution of phenotypic
variability among them; evaluate progenies of mangaba trees that compose the Escola de
Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos of Universidade Federal de Goiás (EA/UFG)
germplasm collection and estimate genetic parameters for the initial development of plants
in the field. Mangaba trees populations have been sampled in different locations of the
Brazilian Cerrado, including the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do
Sul, and Bahia, totaling 109 mother plants of 35 populations of the botanic varieties
pubescens, gardneri, speciosa and cuyabensis. In relation to the trees, plant height, stem
perimeter, and number of fruits per plant were taken. From a sample of five fruits per
plant, individual measures have been taken, such as: length, diameter, weight, total weight
of seeds, average seed weight, pulp plus peel weight, seed number per fruit, pulp plus peel
yield, fruit shape and color and estimated production. Seeds from these mother plants were
used to install the EA/UFG mangaba germplasm collection in December 2005, in a
randomized complete block design with 57 treatments, four replications and one plant per
plot in a 5 m x 6 m spacing. The treatments were open pollination progenies, originated
from 28 natural populations. The characteristics plant height and stem basal diameter
were evaluated in all plants from January 2006 to August 2007, which resulted in 20 data
readings. Data from each plant has been transformed into growth rate. The analyses of
variance and the genetic parameter estimates were obtained to the growth rate and to the
data of latest reading of stem diameter and plant height. The progress was estimated by
simulating genetic selection in both sexes and maternal selection. In Cerrado conditions,
the results showed that H. speciosa mother plants show high levels of phenotypic variation
in fruit characters and most of this variation is among populations. There is a large
phenotypic variability in the varieties too. H. speciosa var. gardneri and H. speciosa var.
pubescens fruits are larger and heavier. The botanic variety gardneri shows gait more high
than the others varieties. In the varieties gardneri and pubescens predominate round shape
and light green color, while in speciosa and cuyabensis predominate oblong shape and dark
yellow and dark green colors, respectively. The varieties gardneri and pubescens stand out
as the most promising for selection based on fruit size and fruit weight. The mangaba tree
progenies of the germplasm collection of EA/UFG present high levels of genetic variation
in stem diameter and plant height and to their growth rates. Most of the genetic variation in
stem diameter is within populations and to plant height is among populations. H. speciosa
var. cuyabensis and H. speciosa var. gardneri show greater growth in stem diameter and
plant height. On account of the expected progress of selection, the collection can be used as seed orchard or clonal garden, without plant thinning, collecting seeds or buds of
superior plants. The maternal selection is recommended to maintain greater variability in
future breeding cycles, permitting progress from selection and maintaining the germoplasm
collection intact. / A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do
Brasil com potencial para domesticação, devido as suas excelentes qualidades de aroma,
sabor e textura. Entretanto, programas de conservação genética e melhoramento desta
espécie estão em fase inicial de desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou
caracterizar árvores e frutos de populações naturais de H. speciosa e avaliar a magnitude e
distribuição da variabilidade fenotípica existente entre elas; avaliar progênies de
mangabeira que compõem a coleção de germoplasma da Escola de Agronomia e
Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Goiás (EA/UFG) e estimar
parâmetros genéticos relativos ao desenvolvimento inicial de plantas no campo.
Populações de mangabeiras foram amostradas em diferentes locais do Cerrado brasileiro,
incluindo os estados de Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Bahia,
abrangendo 109 matrizes de 35 populações das variedades botânicas pubescens, gardneri,
speciosa e cuyabensis. Nas árvores foram obtidos dados relativos à altura da planta,
perímetro do caule a 10 cm do solo e contagem do número de frutos por planta. Tomandose
uma amostra de cinco frutos por planta, realizaram-se as análises físicas
individualizadas por fruto: comprimento, diâmetro, peso, peso total de sementes, peso
médio de uma semente, peso da polpa mais casca, número de sementes por fruto,
rendimento de polpa mais casca, formato e cor do fruto e produção estimada. Sementes
provenientes dessas matrizes foram utilizadas na implantação da coleção de germoplasma
da espécie na EA/UFG em dezembro de 2005, em delineamento experimental de blocos
completos casualizados com 57 tratamentos, quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela no
espaçamento de 5 m x 6 m. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por progênies de
polinização livre, abrangendo 28 populações das quatro variedades citadas. Foram
avaliados os caracteres altura das plantas e diâmetro basal do caule em todas as plantas,
durante o período de janeiro de 2006 a agosto de 2007, totalizando 20 leituras que foram
transformadas em taxas de crescimento mensais. A altura e o diâmetro das leituras finais
também foram analisados. Ganhos de seleção foram estimados entre progênies, simulando
seleção em dois sexos e seleção materna. Nas condições do Cerrado, as matrizes de H.
speciosa apresentam elevados níveis de variação fenotípica quanto a caracteres de frutos,
sendo que a maioria dessa variação está entre populações. Há, também, uma grande
variação fenotípica dentro das variedades botânicas. H. speciosa var. gardneri e H.
speciosa var. pubescens têm frutos maiores e mais pesados. A variedade botânica gardneri
apresenta porte mais alto que as demais. Nas variedades gardneri e pubescens predominam
frutos redondos e verde-claros, enquanto que em speciosa e cuyabensis predominam frutos
de formato oblongo e coloração amarelo-escura e verde-escura, respectivamente. As
variedades gardneri e pubescens destacam-se como de maior potencial para a seleção
baseada em caracteres de tamanho e peso dos frutos. As progênies de mangabeira
representadas na coleção de germoplasma da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos apresentam altos níveis de variação genética para os caracteres de diâmetro do
caule e altura de plantas e taxas de crescimento. Para o diâmetro do caule, a maior parte da
variação genética está dentro de populações e para a altura está entre populações. H.
speciosa var. cuyabensis e H. speciosa var. gardneri apresentam maior desenvolvimento
em campo em relação ao diâmetro do caule e à altura das plantas. Em razão dos progressos
esperados, a coleção pode ser usada como campo de sementes ou jardim clonal, sem
desbaste de plantas, coletando sementes ou gemas nas plantas superiores. A seleção
materna é recomendada por manter maior variabilidade nos ciclos seguintes, além de
possibilitar progresso por seleção e manter intacta a coleção de germoplasma.
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Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LLD
|
| 50 |
Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. D.
|
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