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241	Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design Zetterberg, Andreas January 2009 (has links) <p>Land use change constitutes a primary driving force in shaping social-ecological systems world wide, and its effects reach far beyond the directly impacted areas. Graph based landscape ecological tools have become established as a promising way to efficiently explore and analyze the complex, spatial systems dynamics of ecological networks in physical landscapes. However, little attention has been paid to making these approaches operational within ecological assessments, physical planning, and design. This thesis presents a network based, landscape-ecological tool that can be implemented for effective use by practitioners within physical planning and design, and ecological assessments related to these activities. The tool is based on an ecological profile system, a common generalized network model of the ecological infrastructure, graph theoretic metrics, and a spatially explicit, geographically defined representation, deployable in a GIS. Graph theoretic metrics and analysis techniques are able to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics of complex systems, and the generalized network model places the graph theoretic toolbox in a geographically defined landscape. This provides completely new insights for physical planning, and environmental assessment activities. The design of the model is based on the experience gained through seven real-world cases, commissioned by different governmental organizations within Stockholm County. A participatory approach was used in these case studies, involving stakeholders of different backgrounds, in which the tool proved to be flexible and effective in the communication and negotiation of indicators, targets, and impacts. In addition to successful impact predictions for alternative planning scenarios, the tool was able to highlight critical ecological structures within the landscape, both from a system-centric, and a site-centric perspective. In already being deployed and used in planning, assessments, inventories, and monitoring by several of the involved organizations, the tool has proved to effectively meet some of the challenges of application in a multidisciplinary landscape.</p> Least-cost modeling Functional connectivity Environmental planning tool Resilience Spatial redundancy Ecological integrity Landscape Ecology Graph Theory Ecological Network Graphs Biodiversity Conservation Biology Urban Planning Regional Planning EIA SEA Environmental Assessment Ecological Indicator Impact prediction Habitat suitability Species distribution Urban ecology GIS Urbanization Miljöbedömningsverktyg Landskapsplanering Resiliens Ekologisk integritet Landskapsekologi Grafteori Ekologiska nätverk Biologisk mångfald Bevarandebiologi Urban planering Regional planering MKB SMB Miljöbedömning Ekologisk indikator Konsekvensbedömning Habitatmodellering GIS Urbanisering Natur- och landskapsvård Environmental engineering Miljöteknik Terrestrial ecology Terrestisk ekologi
242	Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design Zetterberg, Andreas January 2009 (has links) Land use change constitutes a primary driving force in shaping social-ecological systems world wide, and its effects reach far beyond the directly impacted areas. Graph based landscape ecological tools have become established as a promising way to efficiently explore and analyze the complex, spatial systems dynamics of ecological networks in physical landscapes. However, little attention has been paid to making these approaches operational within ecological assessments, physical planning, and design. This thesis presents a network based, landscape-ecological tool that can be implemented for effective use by practitioners within physical planning and design, and ecological assessments related to these activities. The tool is based on an ecological profile system, a common generalized network model of the ecological infrastructure, graph theoretic metrics, and a spatially explicit, geographically defined representation, deployable in a GIS. Graph theoretic metrics and analysis techniques are able to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics of complex systems, and the generalized network model places the graph theoretic toolbox in a geographically defined landscape. This provides completely new insights for physical planning, and environmental assessment activities. The design of the model is based on the experience gained through seven real-world cases, commissioned by different governmental organizations within Stockholm County. A participatory approach was used in these case studies, involving stakeholders of different backgrounds, in which the tool proved to be flexible and effective in the communication and negotiation of indicators, targets, and impacts. In addition to successful impact predictions for alternative planning scenarios, the tool was able to highlight critical ecological structures within the landscape, both from a system-centric, and a site-centric perspective. In already being deployed and used in planning, assessments, inventories, and monitoring by several of the involved organizations, the tool has proved to effectively meet some of the challenges of application in a multidisciplinary landscape. Least-cost modeling Functional connectivity Environmental planning tool Resilience Spatial redundancy Ecological integrity Landscape Ecology Graph Theory Ecological Network Graphs Biodiversity Conservation Biology Urban Planning Regional Planning EIA SEA Environmental Assessment Ecological Indicator Impact prediction Habitat suitability Species distribution Urban ecology GIS Urbanization Miljöbedömningsverktyg Landskapsplanering Resiliens Ekologisk integritet Landskapsekologi Grafteori Ekologiska nätverk Biologisk mångfald Bevarandebiologi Urban planering Regional planering MKB SMB Miljöbedömning Ekologisk indikator Konsekvensbedömning Habitatmodellering GIS Urbanisering Landscape Architecture Landskapsarkitetktur Other Environmental Engineering Annan naturresursteknik Ecology Ekologi
243	Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems Under Global Change: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Mapping, Classification, and Projection Akane Ota Abbasi (17123185) 10 October 2023 (has links) <p dir="ltr">Global forest ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services that contribute to water and climate regulation, food production, recreation, and raw materials. They also serve as crucial habitats for numerous terrestrial species of amphibians, birds, and mammals worldwide. However, recent decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in forest ecosystems due to climate change, shifts in species distribution patterns, increased planted forest areas, and various disturbances such as forest fires, insect infestations, and urbanization. These changes can have far-reaching impacts on ecological networks, human well-being, and the well-being of global forest ecosystems. To address these challenges, I present four studies to quantify forest dynamics through mapping, classification, and projection, using artificial intelligence tools in combination with a vast amount of training data. (I) I present a spatially continuous map of planted forest distribution across East Asia, produced by integrating multiple sources of planted and natural forest data. I found that China contributed 87% of the total planted forest areas in East Asia, most of which are located in the lowland tropical/subtropical regions and Sichuan Basin. I also estimated the dominant genus in each planted forest location. (II) I used continent-wide forest inventory data to compare the range shifts of forest types and their constituent tree species in North America in the past 50 years. I found that forest types shifted more than three times as fast as the average of their constituent tree species. This marked difference was attributable to a predominant positive covariance between tree species ranges and the change of species relative abundance. (III) Based on individual-level field surveys of trees and breeding birds across North America, I characterized New World wood-warbler (<i>Parulidae</i>) species richness and its potential drivers. I identified forest type as the most powerful predictor of New World wood-warbler species richness, which adds valuable evidence to the ongoing physiognomy versus composition debate among ornithologists. (IV) In the appendix, I utilized continent-wide forest inventory data from North America and South America and the combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to produce the first data-driven map of forest types in the Americas. I revealed the distribution of forest types, which are useful for cost-effective forest and biodiversity management and planning. Taken together, these studies provide insight into the dynamics of forest ecosystems at a large geographic scale and have implications for effective decision-making in conservation, management, and global restoration programs in the midst of ongoing global change.</p> Forest biodiversity Forest ecosystems Modelling and simulation Deep learning Neural networks Semi- and unsupervised learning forest dynamics modeling Global Change Climate Change Machine Learning Biodiversity Forest Ecology forest ecosystem modeling Planted Forests Forest type classification Species Distribution Deep Learning Forest Inventory & Analysis Program Forest Inventory Parulidae Species Richness Habitat physiognomy Habitat Heterogeneity Habitat Composition Markowitz portfolio selection

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