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To produce high quality software both software developers and testers need continuous improvement in their work methodologies and processes. So, far much work has been done in the effective ways of eliciting and documenting the requirements. However important aspect is to make sure that whatever is documented in specifications actually works correctly in the developed software. Software testing is done to ensure this phenomenon. Aim of this thesis is to develop a software test case work flow strategy that helps in identification and selection of suitable test paths that can be used as an input to acceptance testing and as a pre-requisite to start actual testing of the system. This thesis focuses on organizing system test artifacts by closely specifying them with system requirements and use cases. In this perspective focus of this thesis is on requirement writing by use cases, requirements traceability, test case prioritization and application acceptance criteria. A structured way to design test cases is proposed with the help of use cases. Some work is done to trace user needs to system requirements and use cases and benefits of using use case modeling approach in structuring the relationships among test cases is analyzed. As test cases are subject to changes in future so, challenges imposed due to traceability among requirements, use cases and test cases are main subjects of this work along with the challenges faced by software testers to perform application acceptance testing. A green path scheme is proposed to help testers define application acceptance criteria and weight assignment approach is used to prioritize the test cases and to determine the percentage of application running successfully.

The purpose of this master thesis is to improve the quality of software testing in a large company developing real-time embedded systems. Software testing is a very important part of software development. By performing comprehensive software testing the quality and validity of a software system can be assured. One of the main issues with software testing is to be sure that the tests are correct. Knowing what to test, but also how to perform testing, is of utmost importance. In this thesis, we explore different ways to increase the quality of real-time testing by introducing new techniques in several stages of the software development model. Four complementary methods are suggested. The proposed methods are validated by implementing them in an existing and completed project on a subset of the software development process. The original output from the completed project is compared with the new output. The presented results from the validation are positive in the sense that it is shown that the test stage was more qualitative, mostly due to a higher level of quality on input from earlier stages.

The Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a component of the 3G mobile network that has been specified by standards development organisations such as the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute). IMS seeks to guarantee that the telecommunication network of the future provides subscribers with seamless access to services across disparate networks. In order to achieve this, it defines a service architecture that hosts application servers that provide subscribers with value added services. Typically, an application server bundles all the functionality it needs to execute the services it delivers, however this view is currently being challenged. It is now thought that services should be synthesised from simple building blocks called service capabilities. This decomposition would facilitate the re-use of service capabilities across multiple services and would support the creation of new services that could not have originally been conceived. The shift from monolithic services to those built from service capabilities poses a challenge to the current service model in IMS. To accommodate this, the 3GPP has defined an entity known as a service capability interaction manager (SCIM) that would be responsible for managing the interactions between service capabilities in order to realise complex services. Some of these interactions could potentially lead to undesirable results, which the SCIM must work to avoid. As an added requirement, it is believed that the network should allow policies to be applied to network services which the SCIM should be responsible for enforcing. At the time of writing, the functional and structural architecture of the SCIM has not yet been standardised. This thesis explores the current serv ice architecture of the IMS in detail. Proposals that address the structure and functions of the SCIM are carefully compared and contrasted. This investigation leads to the presentation of key aspects of the SCIM, and provides solutions that explain how it should interact with service capabilities, manage undesirable interactions and factor user and network operator policies into its execution model. A modified design of the IMS service layer that embeds the SCIM is subsequently presented and described. The design uses existing IMS protocols and requires no change in the behaviour of the standard IMS entities. In order to develop a testbed for experimental verification of the design, the identification of suitable software platforms was required. This thesis presents some of the most popular platforms currently used by developers such as the Open IMS Core and OpenSER, as well as an open source, Java-based, multimedia communication platform called Mobicents. As a precursor to the development of the SCIM, a converged multimedia service is presented that describes how a video streaming application that is leveraged by a web portal was implemented for an IMS testbed using Mobicents components. The Mobicents SIP Servlets container was subsequently used to model an initial prototype of the SCIM, using a mUlti-component telephony service to illustrate the proposed service execution model. The design focuses on SIP-based services only, but should also work for other types of IMS application servers as well.

The introduction of Web Services as a platform upon which applications can communicate has contributed a great deal towards the expansion of World Wide Web technologies. The Internet and computing technologies have been some of the factors that have contributed to the socio-economic improvement of urban and industrial areas. This research focuses on the application of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Services technologies in Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) contexts. SOA is a style used to design distributed systems, and Web Services are some of the common realizations of the SOA. Web Services allow the exchange of data between two or more machines in a simple and standardized manner over the network. This has resulted in the augmentation of ways in which individuals in a society and in the world communicate. This research aims to develop a SOA-based system with services that are implemented as Web Services. The system is intended to support communication activities of Dwesa community members. The communication methods identified as the most commonly used in the Dwesa community are Short Message Services (SMSs) and voice calls. In this research we have identified further methods (i.e. Multimedia Message Service, Electronic mail and Instant Messaging) to augment communication activities in Dwesa. The developed system, therefore, exposes SMS Web Service, MMS Web Service, Email Web Service and IM Web Service that are consumed in machine-to-machine, machine-to-person and person-to-person types of communication. We have also implemented a one-stop communication shop, through a web portal which provides interfaces to the different communication modules. Elaborate functional and usability testing have also been undertaken to establish the viability and end-user acceptance of the system respectively. This research has provided the initial validation of the effectiveness of the SOA-based system in ICT4D contexts

La fabrication des grandes pièces structurelles aéronautiques en alliage d'aluminium nécessite la réalisation de multiples étapes de mises en forme (laminage, matriçage, etc...) et de traitements thermiques. Les différents chargements mécaniques et thermiques subis par les pièces pendant ces étapes de fabrication induisent des déformations plastiques ainsi que des modifications de la microstructure, qui sont sources de contraintes résiduelles. La géométrie finale des pièces est obtenue par usinage, qui est généralement la dernière étape de fabrication. Jusqu'à 90% du volume de matière initial peut être enlevé durant l'usinage de grandes pièces aéronautiques, qui peuvent également présenter des géométries complexes. La redistribution des contraintes résiduelles pendant l'usinage est une des principales causes de non-conformité des pièces avec les tolérances géométriques et dimensionnelles et donc de non-acceptation de celles-ci.De nos jours, les contraintes résiduelles et leurs effets pendant l'usinage ne sont généralement pas pris en compte lors de la définition des gammes d'usinage. Ce travail de thèse vise donc à proposer une évolution dans l'établissement des gammes d'usinage des pièces de structures en alliage d'aluminium et a été construit autour de deux principaux axes de recherche: un axe numérique et un axe d'analyse mécanique.L'axe numérique est basé sur la mise en place d'une approche de modélisation et le développement d'un outil numérique adapté à la simulation de l'usinage. L'approche de modélisation a été définie à partir d'hypothèses déduites d'études bibliographiques sur les alliages d'aluminium, le procédé d'usinage et les contraintes résiduelles. Une approche numérique d'enlèvements massifs de matière a ainsi été développée et tous les développements ont été intégrés dans les codes sources de FORGE® dans un environnement parallèle.L'axe d'analyse mécanique est basé sur l'étude de la redistribution des contraintes résiduelles et des déformations associées lors de l'usinage. Une première étude appliquée à la méthode expérimentale utilisée pour déterminer les profils de contraintes résiduelles dans des tôles laminées en alliage AIRWARE® 2050-T84 a été réalisée. Les simulations de ces essais ont permis une première validation de l'outil numérique développé et ont démontré la nécessité de définir des gammes d'usinage en fonction des contraintes résiduelles. D'autres études sur l'influence de certains paramètres définis dans les gammes d'usinage sur la qualité d'usinage ont également été menées. Les simulations réalisées ont été validées par de multiples comparaisons avec des résultats expérimentaux, montrant la capacité de l'outil numérique à prédire précisément la géométrie finale des pièces.A l'aide des résultats obtenus sur les précédentes études, une procédure numérique et de premières recommandations pour la définition de gammes d'usinage permettant d'obtenir la qualité d'usinage souhaitée en tenant compte des contraintes résiduelles initiales ont été mises en place. / The manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural aerospace parts involves multiple forming (rolling, forging, etc.) and heat treatment steps. The mechanical and thermal loads that the workpieces undergo during these manufacturing steps result in unequal plastic deformation and in metallurgical changes which are both sources of residual stresses. Machining is usually the last manufacturing step during which the final geometry of the parts is obtained. Up to 90% of the initial volume of the workpiece can be removed during the machining of aerospace structural parts which can furthermore have complex geometries. The residual stress redistribution is one of the main causes of the non-conformity of parts with the geometrical and dimensional tolerance specifications and therefore of the rejection of parts.Nowadays, initial residual stresses and their effect during the machining are often not taken into account in the definition of the machining process plan. This work aims to propose an evolution in the establishment of machining process plans of aluminium structural parts. It has been organised along two principal lines of research: a numerical line and a mechanical analysis line.The numerical line is based on the development of a modelling approach and of a numerical tool adapted to the simulation of the machining process. The modelling approach has been defined based on assumptions deduced from literature reviews on aluminium alloys, on the machining process and on residual stresses. A massive material removal approach has then been developed. All the numerical developments have been implemented into the finite element software FORGE® and are suited to a parallel computing environment.The mechanical analysis line is based on the study of the residual stress redistribution and its effect on the workpiece deflections during the machining as well as on the post-machining distortion. A first study on the layer removal method used to determine the initial residual stress profiles in an AIRWARE® 2050-T84 2050-T84 alloy rolled plate has been realised. The simulation of these experiments has allowed a first validation of the numerical tool and to demonstrate the necessity to define machining process plans in function of the residual stresses. Other studies on the influence of some machining process parameters on the machining quality have then been performed. Simulation results have been validated by multiple comparisons with experimental tests, showing the capability of the numerical tool to predict the final machined part geometries.Using the results of the studies mentioned above, a numerical procedure and first recommendations for the definition of machining process plans allowing to obtain the desired machining quality depending on the initial residual stresses have been established.

Ce travail appartient au domaine de la simulation numérique sur des plates-formes d'exécution distribuées hétérogènes telles que des grilles de calcul. Ce type de plate-forme se caractérise par des possibles changements de condition d'exécution et par une probabilité importante de défaillance de certains composants. Une application qui s'exécute dans un tel environnement se doit d'être adaptable à son contexte d'exécution et tolérante aux pannes. Face à la complexité croissante de la mise en place de cas de calcul sur des grilles de calcul, nous proposons une plateforme logicielle pour la résolution de cas de calcul numérique dans un environnement distribué hétérogène. Nos travaux apportent une solution qui se base sur un système d'agents mobiles, ce qui permet à une application de s'adapter au changement de son environnement d'exécution. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons le langage pi calcul d'ordre supérieur pour spécifier une « ferme de travailleurs » capable de participer à la résolution de tout type de cas de calcul. Ensuite, nous énonçons des propriétés qui caractérisent le bon fonctionnement de ce système avec une logique temporelle TCTL. Pour cela, nous souhaitons modéliser notre système à l'aide d'automates temporisés à partir des termes définis par la spécification formelle en pi calcul. Dans ce but, nous définissons une transformation de termes écrits en pi calcul en automates temporisés. Les propriétés sont alors vérifiées avec l'outil UppAal. Pour valider ce travail de modélisation, nous avons réalisé le framework MCA (pour Mobile Computing Architecture). Celui-ci propose un ensemble d'outils facilitant la mise en place de composants sur un environnement distribué hétérogène dans le but d'effectuer la résolution de cas de calcul. La librairie avec laquelle sont développés ces composants, qu'ils soient mobiles ou non, est implantée en Java et se base les technologies Jini et JavaSpaces. Enfin, nous réalisons l'évaluation du framework MCA en procédant à la résolution de trois cas de calcul différents. Chacune de ces expériences, réalisées sur une grappe de 20 noeuds, nous permet de montrer les caractéristiques essentielles de notre framework : une simplicité de programmation, un faible surcoût en temps d'exécution sans l'activation de la tolérance aux pannes et une tolérance aux pannes efficace / This work belongs to the domain of numerical simulation on heterogeneous distributed platforms such as grids. This type of platform is characterized by possible changes in execution conditions and a significant probability of some components failure. An application running in such an environment must be adaptable to its execution context and fault tolerant. Facing the growing complexity of implementing computation cases on grid computing, we propose a software platform which solves numerical computation cases in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Our work provides a solution based on a mobile agent system, which allows an application to adapt to change in its execution environment. At first, we use the higher-order pi calculus language to specify a « farm of workers » able to take part in solving any type of computation case. Then we set the properties that characterize the system's correct execution with a temporal logic TCTL. In order to do this, we perform a temporal modeling system based on terms defined by the formal specification in pi calculus. To achieve this transformation, we define a translation of terms written in pi calculus into timed automata. The properties are verified with the UppAal tool. To validate this modeling work, we develop the MCA (for Mobile Computing Architecture) framework. It offers a set of tools which facilitate the implementation of distributed heterogeneous components in order to solve computation cases. These components, mobile or not, are developed with a library written in Java and which uses Jini and JavaSpaces technologies. Finally, our framework is evaluated through the resolution of three different computation cases. Each of these experiments, performed on a 20 node cluster allow us to highlight our framework's main characteristics : programming simplicity, low overhead in execution time without the fault tolerance activation and efficient fault tolerance

In the world there are adverse climates, climates that hinder the good construction and paving of roads, generating insecurity among the locals and visitors. This over time affects the economy of a country, as a road boosts tourism, transport and commerce. Therefore, a mixture was designed to mitigate a problem in the placement of hot asphalt mixture at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. That is, a conventional mix design was proposed, but with different types of filler (lime, Portland cement type I and silica) tested with the Marshall and Lottman method which are governed according to the EG-2013 standards [1] and parameters established in the Asphalt Institute [2]. To find the optimum, it was tested with 5.0%, 5.5% 6.0% and 6.5% asphalt cement. Then with the results obtained a comparative analysis was performed. Finally, specimens without any additives were made, the specimens once prepared at 140°C were subjected to freezing, resulting in the three types of filler, that the hot asphalt mixture with incorporation of Portland cement type I to a 5, 90% of asphalt cement is the optimum since, subject to extreme temperatures below 0°C they comply with the parameters required in the standards.

Dans le but de faciliter la tâche d'évaluation du niveau de sécurité incendie aux ingénieurs et permettre aux spécialistes impliqués dans le domaine d'utiliser leurs langages et outils préférés, nous proposons de créer un langage dédié au domaine de la sécurité incendie générant automatiquement une simulation en prenant en considération les langages métiers utilisés par les spécialistes intervenants dans le domaine. Ce DSL nécessite la définition, la formalisation, la composition et l'intégration de plusieurs modèles, par rapport aux langages spécifiques utilisés par les spécialistes impliqués dans le domaine. Le langage spécifique dédié au domaine de la sécurité incendie est conçu par composition et intégration de plusieurs autres DSLs décrits par des langages techniques et naturels (ainsi que des langages naturels faisant référence à des langages techniques). Ces derniers sont modélisés de manière à ce que leurs composants soient précis et fondés sur des bases mathématiques permettant de vérifier la cohérence du système (personnes et matériaux sont en sécurité) avant sa mise en œuvre. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'adopter une approche formelle, basée sur des spécifications algébriques, pour formaliser les langages utilisés par les spécialistes impliqués dans le système de génération, en se concentrant à la fois sur les syntaxes et les sémantiques des langages dédiés. Dans l'approche algébrique, les concepts du domaine sont abstraits par des types de données et les relations entre eux. La sémantique des langages spécifiques est décrite par les relations, le mapping (correspondances) entre les types de données définis et leurs propriétés. Le langage de simulation est basé sur un langage conçu par la composition de plusieurs DSL spécifiques précédemment décrits et formalisés. Les différents DSLs sont implémentés en se basant sur les concepts de la programmation fonctionnelle et le langage fonctionnel Haskell bien adapté à cette approche. Le résultat de ce travail est un outil informatique dédié à la génération automatique de simulation, dans le but de faciliter la tâche d'évaluation du niveau de sécurité incendie aux ingénieurs. Cet outil est la propriété du Centre Scientifique et Technique du bâtiment (CSTB), une organisation dont la mission est de garantir la qualité et la sécurité des bâtiments, en réunissant des compétences multidisciplinaires pour développer et partager des connaissances scientifiques et techniques, afin de fournir aux différents acteurs les réponses attendues dans leur pratique professionnelle. / In order to facilitate the engineers task of evaluating the fire safety level, and to allow the specialists involved in the field to use their preferred languages and tools, we propose to create a language dedicated to the field of fire safety, which automatically generates a simulation, taking into account the specific languages used by the specialists involved in the field. This DSL requires the definition, the formalization, the composition and the integration of several models, regardig to the specific languages used by the specialists involved in the field. The specific language dedicated to the field of fire safety is designed by composing and integrating several other DSLs described by technical and natural languages (as well as natural languages referring to technical ones). These latter are modeled in a way that their components must be precise and based on mathematical foundations, in order to verify the consistency of the system (people and materials are safe) before it implementation. In this context, we propose to adopt a formal approach, based on algebraic specifications, to formalize the languages used by the specialists involved in the generation system, focusing on both syntaxes and semantics of the dedicated languages. In the algebraic approach, the concepts of the domain are abstracted by data types and the relationships between them. The semantics of specific languages is described by the relationships, the mappings between the defined data types and their properties. The simulation language is based on a composition of several specific DSLs previously described and formalized. The DSLs are implemented based on the concepts of functional programming and the Haskell functional language, well adapted to this approach. The result of this work is a software dedicated to the automatic generation of a simulation, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the fire safety level to the engineers. This tool is the property of the Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), an organization whose mission is to guarantee the quality and safety of buildings by combining multidisciplinary skills to develop and share scientific and technical knowledge, in order to provide to the different actors the expected answers in their professional practice.

Work includes certification procedures for experimental aeroplanes. Producer must answer individual work for right procedure certification. Office UCL give works and control production procedure aeroplane. Stationery (applications, confirmation, tec.) are part of work and is need make and feed. Part of work is VUT 001 MARABU and technical characteristics aeroplane.