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Estudo semântico-lexical do vocabulário setecentista em Paranaguá / Lexical-semantic study of Eighteenth Century vocabulary in ParanaguáCelciane Alves Vasconcelos 11 March 2013 (has links)
O objetivo geral desta tese é fazer um estudo do léxico no município de Paranaguá-PR, propondo uma discussão sobre manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso e tendência ao desuso de lexias extraídas de fontes manuscritas setecentistas, datadas da mesma localidade. Para a realização deste estudo são utilizados, além dos documentos manuscritos digitalizados, dicionários da Língua Portuguesa e material oral. A base teórico-metodológica que norteia esta pesquisa é a da Dialetologia, mas aproxima-se também das utilizadas em pesquisas filológicas (edição de documentos), sociolinguísticas (pesquisa de campo e análise das lexias considerando células sociais) e lexicográficas (elaboração do glossário). Os objetivos específicos são: (i) traçar o panorama histórico da área estudada para auxiliar na compreensão dos aspectos socioculturais, (ii) fazer a edição semidiplomática, acompanhada da reprodução fac-similar dos documentos manuscritos, servindo de base para a caracterização do estado da língua setecentista; (iii) elaborar o glossário visando apresentar a definição dos itens lexicais selecionados com acepções e abonações extraídas do corpus escrito; (iv) investigar as lexias selecionadas por meio dos dados orais coletados com auxílio do questionário semânticolexical, adotando para a seleção dos informantes as variáveis sociais: faixa etária, sexo, naturalidade e grau de escolaridade; e, por fim, (v) verificar, a partir das lexias testadas, o grau de manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso e tendência ao desuso, em relação às acepções registradas nos documentos em questão. Tomando por base a análise do contexto de fala dos informantes de Paranaguá, constatou-se que há, no geral, a tendência ao desuso das lexias extraídas do corpus escrito, principalmente por parte dos informantes da primeira faixa etária. Em suma, espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa possam contribuir e, ao mesmo tempo, fornecer dados confiáveis aos estudos linguísticos sobre o estado de língua escrita no período setecentista e seus ecos na variedade portuguesa falada em Paranaguá e, por extensão, no Brasil. / The overall objective of this thesis is to study the lexicon in the city of Paranaguá-PR, proposing a discussion on maintenance, tendency to maintenance, disuse and tendency to disuse of lexicon extracted from eighteenth-century manuscript sources, dating from the same locality. For this study, in addition to scanned handwritten documents, dictionaries of Portuguese and oral material are used. The theoretical and methodological basis that guides this research is the Dialectology, but also the basis used in philological research (document editing), sociolinguistic research (field research and analysis of lexicon considering social cells) and lexicographic research (preparing the glossary) .The specific objectives are: (i) to trace the historical background of the study area to assist in understanding the socio-cultural aspects, (ii) to do the semi-diplomatic editing, followed by facsimile reproduction of the handwritten documents, providing the basis for characterizing the state of eighteenth-century language, (iii) to select the lexicon to be tested in the city of Paranaguá, and, from them, to prepare the glossary seeking to present the definition of lexical items with meanings and accreditations extracted from the written corpus , (iv) to collect oral data with the aid of a lexical-semantic questionnaire, adopting for the selection of informants the following social variables: age, sex, place of birth and education level, and finally (v) to verify, from the lexicon tested, the level of maintenance, tendency to maintenance, disuse and tendency to disuse, regarding the meanings recorded in the documents in question. Based on the analysis of the context of the speech of informants from Paranaguá, it was found that, in general, there is a tendency to disuse of lexicon extracted from the written corpus, especially by the informants from the first age group. In short, it is expected that the results of this research can contribute and, at the same time, provide reliable data for linguistic studies on the state of written language during the eighteenth century and its echoes on the Portuguese variety spoken in Paranaguá and, by extension, in Brazil.
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Falas guiadas em projetos audiovisuais em italiano LE: um estudo sobre as estratégias de comunicação no curta-metragem \"Le avventure di Marco Polo\" / Guided speech in audiovisual projects in Italian FL: a study about communication strategies in the short film \"Le Avventure di Marco Polo\"Emrani, Dárius Leva 02 April 2013 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo categorizar as estratégias de comunicação (EC) encontradas no curta-metragem em língua italiana Le Avventure di Marco Polo, realizado em 2011 por alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental de um colégio particular na cidade de Atibaia, participantes do Projeto Filmes em Italiano (PFI). Apresentaremos o modelo de operação global para o ensino de línguas (MOGEL), proposto por Almeida Filho, buscando demonstrar como a interação de seus níveis principais ocorre no âmbito do PFI. Procuraremos justificar o PFI como projeto comunicativo, através do postulado de que a autonomia do aprendiz, como preconizado pelo ensino comunicativo de línguas, é potencializada por meio do engajamento em projetos (project work) e em tarefas (tasks). O trabalho por projetos e as tarefas colocam o aluno como centro das atividades didáticas e estão relacionados aos novos cenários comunicativos audiovisuais-multimídia, acessíveis através de ferramentas tecnológicas que já fazem parte do dia a dia das novas gerações. Durante a apresentação do PFI 2011, introduziremos o conceito de falas guiadas, termo que cunhamos para definir as produções orais resultantes dos diversos tipos de apoio que fornecemos aos alunos durante as filmagens, buscando auxiliá-los na produção em língua italiana diante de problemas comunicativos de diversas ordens, favorecendo, assim, o uso de EC. O corpus da análise é constituído pelas produções orais coletadas no curta-metragem e é dividido em duas partes, sendo que a primeira contempla as produções surgidas na filmagem das lacunas inseridas no script, idealizadas para propiciar momentos de interação espontânea entre os alunos, e a segunda contempla as produções orais relativas às falas do script, baseadas no texto escrito previamente ensaiado pelos estudantes. No tocante à literaturasobre EC, apresentamos as teorias de três teóricos: Tarone (1977), Faerch & Kasper (1983), e Poulisse (1993), discutindo suas contribuições e justificando nossa escolha pela taxonomia lexical de Poulisse para a categorização das duas partes do corpus. Nossos resultados parecem demonstrarque os discentesutilizam-se, igualmente, de EC nas falas do script e nos momentos de interação espontânea,o que ressalta a validade da problematização como um dos critérios principais para que haja uso de EC,e não a interação nos moldes tradicionais.Além disso, o corpus coletado parece-nos apontar a importância, muitas vezes desconsiderada, da transferência linguística na constituição da interlíngua (IL) do aprendizeno uso de EC. Também nos parece que o contato com mais de uma LE, como ocorre com os alunos do PFI, pode propiciar o desenvolvimento da competência estratégica deles, aumentando as possibilidades de transferência linguística e de fontes para a criação de itens lexicais, bem como seus recursos para sanar problemas comunicativos. / This dissertation aims to categorize the communication strategies (CS) found in the short film in Italian Le Avventure di Marco Polo, conducted in 2011 by students of the 6th grade of elementary education at a private school in the city of Atibaia, who participates of the project Movies in Italian (PFI). We will present the global operating model for teaching languages (MOGEL), proposed by Almeida Filho, to demonstrate how the interaction of its main levels occurs within the PFI. We will seek to justify PFI as a communicative project through the postulate that the learner autonomy, as recommended by the communicative language teaching is enhanced by the engagement projects (project work) and tasks (tasks). The work by projects and tasks put students at the center of educational activities and are related to new-media audiovisual communicative scenarios, accessible through technological tools that are already part of everyday life of the new generations. During the PFI 2011 presentation, we introduce the concept of guided speech, a term coined to define the oral productions resulting from various types of support we provide to students during filming, seeking to assist them to produce in Italian facing a variety of communicative problems, thus favoring the use of CS. The analysis corpus consists of utterances collected in the short film and is divided into two parts, the first of which includes productions filming in emerging gaps inserted into the script, devised to provide moments of spontaneous interaction among students, and the second includes oral production statements regarding the script, based on the previous written text rehearsed by students. Regarding the CS literature, we present three theorists: Tarone (1977), Faerch & Kasper (1983), and Poulisse (1993), discussing their contributions and justifying our choice of Poulisse lexical taxonomy to categorizing the two parts of corpus. Our results seem to demonstrate that learners use also the CS in the script speeches and in the moments of spontaneous interaction, underscoring the validity of questioning as one of the main criteria for use of the CS there, not in the traditional interaction. Moreover, the corpus collected seems to point out the importance often neglected, of the transfer language to constitute the learner interlanguage and in the usage of the CS. It also seems that the contact with more than one LE, as with students of PFI, can encourage the development of their strategic competence, increasing the possibilities of language transfer and sources for creating lexical items as well as their resources to solve communication problems.
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Partikule v mluveném jazyce / Particles in spoken languagesAdamovičová, Ana January 2018 (has links)
The goal of this thesis is to map a theme, which has not been systematically explored enough by Czech linguists so far. It deals with the material of the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC), which contains a series of records of authentic spoken language. The thesis presents primarily a comprehensive description of particles, which can be found in the PSC, their semantic classes based on their real occurrence in the natural speech context. It further describes their collocability and syntagmatic relations, including their valency, thus more adequately explains their function in the commonly spoken language. Attention is also paid to their frequency and preferred use within the scope of particular combinations of sociolinguistic parameters, i.e. four variables (sex, age, education and type of discourse) which determined the selection of speakers on recordings to make their combinations as balanced as possible. Some particles are homonymous with other parts of speech - the extent of homonymy and its context dependency just as the processes of particulization are described in the contextual usage of particles and adverbs. The results in terms of the frequency of usage were compared with the frequency of occurrence in the written corpus SYN2005. The presentation of particles in dictionaries of Czech language was...
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Investigating the neural processes underpinning the production and anticipation of stuttering in Adults who Stutter / Neural Processes Underpinning StutteringWhillier, Alexander Sean 08 February 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Étude comparative des pronoms démonstratifs neutres anglais et français à l'oral : référence indexicale, structure du discours et formalisation en grammaire notionnelle dépendancielle / A comparative study of English and French neutral demonstrative pronouns in face-to-face conversations : indexical reference, discourse structure and Notional Dependancy GrammarBuscail, Laurie 04 October 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse explore le fonctionnement indexical des pronoms démonstratifs anglais this, that et it d’une part, et des pronoms démonstratifs français, en particulier ça, d’autre part, en vue d’une comparaison entre ces deux systèmes. L’ensemble des phénomènes référentiels et discursifs observés sont ramenés à certaines caractéristiques syntactico-sémantiques propres à chaque démonstratif, alors formalisées dans le cadre de la Grammaire Notionnelle Dépendancielle. Les occurrences de this, that, it et ça analysées étant issues de conversations orales spontanées et enregistrées selon le protocole des projets PAC et PFC, notre étude apporte un questionnement sur les avantages et les limites des grands corpus oraux pour les recherches en linguistique théorique. / This thesis focuses from a comparative perspective on the indexical functioning of both English and French demonstrative pronouns, namely this, that and it on the one hand, and celui-ci/là, ceci, cela and ça on the other – with particular emphasis on the neuter pronoun ça. The overall referential and discursive phenomena which are examined are tied to a number of syntactic and semantic features and representations characterizing each demonstrative item. Our treatment is then formalized within the framework of Notional Dependency Grammar. As all our crucial examples concerning this, that, it and ça are extracted from authentic face to face conversations from the PAC and PFC projects, the present study leads to a discussion of the potential advantages and limits of large spoken corpora for research in theoretical linguistics.
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Análise morfossintática das construções-Wh no português falado em Cabo Verde / Morphosyntactic analysis of the Wh-constructions in the Portuguese spoken in Cape VerdeFrancisco João Lopes 04 May 2017 (has links)
Esta Tese, intitulada Análise morfossintática das construções-Q no português falado em Cabo Verde (PCV), consiste na primeira descrição e análise morfossintática do grupo de construções denominada na literatura como construções-Wh e seus respectivos subgrupos construções relativas, interrogativas-Wh e construções clivadas no português falado em Cabo Verde (doravante PCV). A descrição e análise apresentadas são: (i) feitas a partir de um conjunto de corpora inéditos, coletados durante três trabalhos de campo, realizados de acordo com as técnicas da linguística de campo; e (ii) embasadas na Teoria da Gramática, sob a perspectiva minimalista de derivação por fases phases (CHOMSKY, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008). Os resultados obtidos corroboram a proposta inicial de que: (i) os falantes caboverdianos possuem diferentes graus de competência linguística em PCV. Esta variedade linguística ainda que não língua primeira dos caboverdianos, entra para vida destes, ainda que apenas nas competências auditiva e perceptiva, desde a primeira infância; (ii) o processo de educação formal desenvolve, posteriormente, as competências leitura e escrita, buscando aproximar a gramática do PCV da do Português Europeu, em um processo que gera resultados diferentes, a nível individual, dependendo do grau de uso do PCV pelo falante caboverdiano; (iii) a análise das construções-Wh corroboram o PCV como uma variedade autóctone da língua portuguesa em formação, em estreita relação de contato linguístico e cuja origem pode ser traçada como sendo concomitante ao crioulo caboverdiano (doravante CCV); (iv) nos aspectos gramaticais em que o PCV se diverge do PE, ainda que convergentes com o CCV, não podem ser tomadas, categoricamente, como casos de transferências do CCV para o PCV, pois tais fenômenos são observados também em outras variedades da língua portuguesa no mundo. Na parte de análise são apresentadas propostas derivacionais para as relativas, interrogativas-Wh e construções clivadas. No que diz respeito às clivadas, é feita uma proposta derivacional monoclausal, que consiste na reformulação da proposta apresentada por um grupo de pesquisadores que divergem da proposta tradicional que se vê na literatura para esse tipo de sentenças. / This Thesis, entitled \"Morphosyntactic analysis of the Wh-constructions in the Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde (PCV)\", consists of the first morphosyntactic description and analysis of a group of construction called Wh-construction in the literature and their subgroups relative constructions, Wh-interrogatives and cleft constructions in the Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde Islands (hereinafter PCV). The analysis and description presented are: (i) done from a set of an original group of corpora collected during three field works, carried out in accordance with the techniques of field linguistics; and (ii) based on Grammar Theory, under the minimalist perspective of derivation by phases - (Chomsky, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008). The results obtained corroborate the initial proposal that: (i) the Cape Verdean speakers present different degrees of linguistic competence in PCV. This linguistic variety, although not the first language of the Cape Verdeans, enters their lives, although only in the auditory and perceptive skills, from early childhood; (ii) the formal education process later develops the reading and writing skills, aiming to bring the grammar of the PCV closer to European Portuguese, in a process that generates different results at the individual level, depending on the degree of use of the PCV by the Cape Verdean speaker; (iii) The analysis of the Wh-constructions corroborate the PCV as an autochthonous variety of the Portuguese language in formation, in close relation of linguistic contact and whose origin can be traced as concomitant with that of the CCV; (iv) with regards to the grammatical aspects in which the PCV diverges from the Europiam Portuguese, although convergent with the CVC, cannot be taken categorically as cases of \'transfer\' from the CCV to the PCV, since such phenomena are also observed in other varieties of the Portuguese language in the world. In the part of analysis are presented derivational proposals for the relative, interrogatives-Wh and cleft constructions. With regard to the clefts, a derivational monoclausal proposal is made, which consists of the reformulation of the proposal presented by a group of researchers that diverge from the traditional proposal that is seen in the literature for this type of sentences.
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Um estudo sobre as palavras cantada, falada e declamada e seus efeitos impressivos / A study about the sung, spoken and recited styles and their impressive effectsLomba, Juliana Andreassa da 29 November 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-11-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research endures the challenge of approaching the faces and interfaces of three styles of oral language. Its objectives are: to investigate the differences and similarities among the sung, spoken and recited styles as stylistic forms of oral language and social expression and to analyze their impressive effects, since the sung, spoken and recited styles have different expressive purposes.
To reach the proposed objectives two types of analysis were combined: acoustic and perceptive. The acoustic analysis was used to verify the differences of production among the three styles, while the perceptive analysis, which implied on the application of a semantic differential questionnaire to a group of judges, was used to investigate the impressive impact of the mentioned styles sonorities.
By the acoustic analysis it was possible to verify, through the fundamental frequency measures, intensity, duration and spectral decline, the prosodic characteristics of each one of the styles.
By the perceptive analysis, the presented results show how each style reaches the listeners in a different way, since the evaluation of the selected descriptors to evaluate them was differential, which evinced different impressive effects.
The acoustic and perceptive analysis results were correlated by using statistics tests of multidimensional analysis.
The sung, spoken and recited styles prosodies present different aspects, as was shown by the generated values in the script ExpressionEvaluator (BARBOSA, 2009).
Therefore, we conclude that the sung, spoken and recited styles cause different impressive effects that activate the organism in different ways and they have the communication as a social role / Esta pesquisa enfrenta o desafio de abordar as faces e as interfaces de três formas de linguagem oral. São seus objetivos: investigar as diferenças e similaridades entre as palavras cantada, falada e declamada como estilos estilísticas de linguagem e de expressão social e analisar seus efeitos impressivos, uma vez que as palavras falada, cantada e declamada têm finalidades expressivas diversas.
Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram conjugados dois tipos de análises: acústica e perceptiva. A análise acústica foi utilizada para verificar as diferenças de produção entre os três estilos, enquanto a perceptiva, que implicou na aplicação de um questionário de diferencial semântico a um grupo de juízes, foi utilizada para investigar o impacto impressivo da sonoridade dos estilos mencionados.
Pela análise acústica foi possível verificar, por meio de medidas de frequência fundamental, intensidade, duração e declínio espectral, as características prosódicas de cada um dos estilos de palavra.
Pela análise perceptiva, os resultados apresentados mostram como cada estilo de palavra atinge de maneira diferente os ouvintes, pois a avaliação dos descritores selecionados para avaliá-los mostrou-se diferenciada, evidenciando efeitos impressivos diversos.
Os resultados das análises acústica e perceptiva foram correlacionados por meio de testes estatísticos de análise multidimensional.
As prosódias das palavras cantada, falada e declamada apresentam diferenças, como mostrou os valores gerados pelo script ExpressionEvaluator (BARBOSA, 2009).
Portanto, concluímos que as palavras cantada, falada e declama causam efeitos impressivos diversos que ativam o organismo de maneira diferenciada e têm como papel social comunicar
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[en] EVERYTHING MEANS, THE THINGS / [pt] TUDO SIGNIFICA, AS COISASSUZANA TEIXEIRA DE MACEDO 14 February 2019 (has links)
[pt] Tudo significa, as coisas é um estudo em texto e imagem a partir do conto O recado do morro, uma das narrativas que compõem a obra Corpo de Baile, de Guimarães Rosa, 1956. O trabalho visa criar um campo de investigação a partir de um conjunto de objetos produzidos no âmbito da própria pesquisa ou preexistentes a ela. Além do próprio conto, esses objetos são: o documentário de média metragem seres, coisas, lugares, inspirado em O recado do morro e filmado em Morro da Garça, Minas Gerais, lugar que serve de cenário à estória de Rosa; o experimento de escrita Tudo significa, as coisas, construído, predominantemente, com as falas extraídas do material bruto do filme; e as cadernetas de viagem de Guimarães Rosa, publicadas com o título A Boiada. Integram ainda o presente estudo, um caderno de reflexões críticas, um caderno de notas relacionais e um caderno de trabalho. O objetivo da pesquisa é, através desses objetos, identificar, produzir e refletir sobre as relações - trânsitos, ressonâncias, articulações, dobras - entre: fala e escrita; literário e não-literário; documental e ficcional; cinema e
literatura, Eu e Outro. / [en] Everything means, the things is a text and image study based on the short story O recado do morro, one of the component narratives of Corpo de Baile (1956) by Guimarães Rosa. This work aims to create a field of research from a set of objects, some preexisting and some produced within the framework of the study
itself. In addition to the short story, these objects are: the documentary seres, coisas, lugares, inspired by O recado do morro and shot in the municipality of Morro da Garça, Minas Gerais, the original setting of Rosa s tale; the writing experiment Tudo significa, as coisas, constructed predominantly of lines extracted from the documentary s raw footage; and the travel notebooks of Guimarães Rosa, published under the title A Boiada. The present study also includes: a critical reflections notebook, a relational notebook and a workbook. Through these objects, this study aims to identify, produce and reflect on relations - transits, resonances, liaisons, folds - between the spoken and written word; the literary and the nonliterary; documentary and fictional; cinema and literature; the Self and the Other.
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The grammar of topic transition in American English conversation. Topic transition design and management in typical and atypical conversations (schizophrenia) / La transition topicale en anglais américain spontané. Marquage et gestion de la transition topicale dans des conversations typiques et atypiques (schizophrénie)Riou, Marine 20 November 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse analyse la transition topicale en anglais américain à l’aide d’un corpus audio de conversations spontanées entre proches. L’objet d’étude principal est l’action interactionnelle qui consiste à changer de topique discursif, ainsi que les diverses stratégies linguistiques que les participants ont à leur disposition. Trois modalités de marquage sont prises en compte : les questions, les marqueurs de discours, et le registre de la voix. Chaque modalité est analysée pour sa contribution individuelle, ainsi que pour les associations avec d’autres modalités qu’elle peut occasionner. Se pencher sur différentes modalités de marquage crée une vue d’ensemble composite de l’influence que la trajectoire topicale d’une conversation a sur sa grammaire et sa prosodie. Dans le cadre d’une approche mixte mêlant analyses qualitatives et quantitatives, cette étude se situe à la croisée de plusieurs cadres théoriques, empruntant tant à l’analyse conversationnelle et à la linguistique interactionnelle pour l’analyse qualitative située, qu’à la linguistique de corpus de par ses méthodes quantitatives telles que le codage systématique des données et le recours aux statistiques. Ce projet multi-domaines est complété par une comparaison entre conversations typiques et atypiques. Les personnes schizophrènes peuvent connaître des difficultés dans la gestion des topiques d’une conversation, ce qui peut occasionner des transitions non-canoniques. Comparer ce type de données à celles de participants typiques apporte un éclairage supplémentaire sur certaines des attentes, préférences et standards, par ailleurs moins visibles lorsque la transition topicale est plus aisée. / The research presented in this dissertation analyzes topic transition in American English interaction, focusing on audio recordings of spontaneous conversations between friends and relatives. The main object of inquiry is the interactional action of transitioning to a new discourse topic, as well as the different linguistic strategies that participants have at their disposal. Three main types of cues are investigated: questions, discourse markers, and pitch register. Each type of cue is analyzed for its individual contribution to topic transition design, as well as for the way it can combine with, supplement, or contradict other cues. Analyzing different types of cues – verbal and prosodic – creates a composite picture of the various ways in which the topic trajectory of a conversation shapes its grammar – including its prosody. This study uses a mixed-methods approach which draws on the qualitative-oriented theoretical frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, combining them with quantitative methods used in Corpus Linguistics, such as systematic coding and statistics. This multi-domain account is completed by elaborating a comparison between typical and atypical interactions. Persons suffering from schizophrenia can experience difficulties in managing the topics of a conversation, and they can produce non-canonical transitions. Comparing their data with that of typical participants thus sheds light on some of the expectations, preferences and standard formats which can otherwise remain hidden when topic transition goes smoothly.
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Kultura mluveného projevu u žáků druhého stupně základních škol / Culture of Spoken Language among Pupils at Second Stage of Elementary SchoolPEŠTOVÁ, Alena January 2019 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with culture of spoken language among pupils at second stage of elementary school. The theoretical part is focused on rhetoric, phonetics, syntax or stylistics. The thesis also includes a part about division of vocabulary. The last two chapters of the theoretical part deals with nonverbal communication and it also includes some specific features of spoken language. The research part contains analyses of speeches that were done by six pupils of ninth grade of elementary school. Prepared an unprepared speeches were analysed from phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic point of view. Nonverbal communication was also evaluated.
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