The diasporic resources and transnational flows of the Black diaspora have increasingly been of concern to scholars. However, the making of the Black diaspora in Canada has often been overlooked, and the use of sport to connect migrants to the homeland has been virtually ignored. This study uses African, Black and Caribbean diaspora lenses to examine the ways that first generation Caribbean-Canadians use cricket to maintain their association with people, places, spaces, and memories of home. In this multi-sited ethnography I examine a group I call the Mavericks Cricket and Social Club (MCSC), an assembly of first generation migrants from the Anglo-Caribbean. My objective to “follow the people” took me to parties, fundraising dances, banquets, and cricket games throughout the Greater Toronto Area on weekends from early May to late September in 2008 and 2009. I also traveled with approximately 30 MCSC members to observe and participate in tours and tournaments in Barbados, England, and St. Lucia and conducted 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with male players and male and female supporters. I found that the Caribbean diaspora is maintained through liming (hanging out) at cricket matches and social events. Speaking in their native Patois language, eating traditional Caribbean foods, and consuming alcohol are significant means of creating spaces in which Caribbean-Canadians can network with other members of the diaspora. Furthermore, diasporas are preserved through return visits, not only to their nations of origin, but to a more broadly defined homeland, found in other Caribbean countries, England, the United States and elsewhere in Canada. This study shows that while diasporas may form a unified communitas they also reinforce class, gender, nation and ethnicity hierarchies and exclusions in diasporic spaces. For example, women and Indo-Caribbeans are mainly absent from or marginalized at the cricket grounds, which celebrates a masculine, Afro-Caribbean culture. Corporeal practices such as sports, and their related social activities, can be deployed as diasporic resources that create a sense of deterritorialized community for first generation Caribbean migrants.

Evidence concerning the benefits of physical activity to health is well established. Despite this extensive evidence, the vast majority of the population remains insufficiently physically active to elicit meaningful health gain. Exercise Referral Schemes (ERSs) have been operating in this country since the early 1990s. However, despite continuing expansion in the number of schemes nationwide, `success', in terms of long-term adherence to physical activity by clients has not been achieved. Extensive evidence in the literature suggests service quality may impact on clients' decision to adhere. However, this concept has not previously been applied to ERSs, assuring the originality and contributory potential of this investigation This thesis aims to investigate the factors affecting retention rates in ERSs. Furthermore, this investigation seeks to develop an understanding of the relationship between service quality and adherence in this setting. Five schemes comprising diverse operational management systems are evaluated via a new assessment tool, completed by 1024 respondents. This quantitative data is supported and extended by qualitative data drawn from a range of key stakeholders collected via 10 interviews and five focus groups. Results suggest clients do not generally perceive service quality to be problematic; however, significant differences between adherence groups and schemes offer insights into issues affecting retention. The nature of the relationship between client and exercise professional appears to represent one of the most notable `keys' to retention. Many clients seek a medical solution to health problems and perceive an exercise professional to be the poor relation of a GP. The fundamental importance of the potential for other exercisers to contribute to the support of clients is also highlighted and discussed. Site-specific issues, time to exercise and client stereotypes of the gym environment also feature as possible determinants of adherence. Considerable further research is needed to build upon these results. Possible avenues for such studies are also discussed.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the local residents' perceptions toward the social impacts of FIBA EuroBasket 2011, held September 7th to September 12th, 2011 in Vilnius, Lithuania. This study focuses on the social impacts of the event since most of the mega-event academia is dominated by economic impact studies and this research attempts to go beyond a narrow quantitative approach to examine the social impacts in relation to two important academic contributions: 1) the embracement-withdrawal continuum and 2) the social exchange theory. A mixed methods analysis was adopted as the best approach for this research. Both a quantitative survey and qualitative questionnaire were used which yielded a total usable sample of 128 residents of Vilnius. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to examine the underlying themes of the quantitative data and coding and thematic development was used to make sense of the qualitative data. The results confirmed that the event was considered successful (97% of residents embraced the event) and they generated 6 factors, or impacts, that were deemed important for influencing resident perceptions: social costs, social benefits, sociocultural impacts, socioeconomic impacts, sociopolitical impacts, and socioenvironmental impacts. These results indicate that the use of mixed methods analyses is crucial to investigate the interdependence between each impact that affects residents' perceptions toward sport mega-events. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Recreation and Tourism Studies 2011

Die fünf Publikationen dieser Dissertation beschäftigen sich mit dem Destinations-auswahlprozess von aktiven Sporttouristen in Mittelgebirgsregionen. Dabei werden zunächst aktive Wintersporttouristen im Erzgebirge untersucht, danach mit Winter-sporttouristen im Schwarzwald und abschließend mit aktiven Sommersporttouristen im Erzgebirge verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass einige Typen von Sporttouristen in Mittelgebirgen bezüglich ihrer Destinationsauswahl mit Sporttouristen in anderen Destinationstypen vergleichbar sind. Gleichzeitig lassen sich jedoch auch mittelge-birgsspezifische Typen von Sporttouristen identifizieren. Wintersporttouristen ver-schiedener Mittelgebirge unterscheiden sich deutlich, während Sommer- und Win-tersporttouristen, welche die gleiche Destination wählen, annährend vergleichbar sind. Zukünftig sind deshalb destinationsspezifische und zugleich saisonübergrei-fende Marketingstrategien zu empfehlen. / The five publications of this dissertation deal with the destination-choice-process of active sports tourists in highlands. Firstly, active winter sports tourists of the Erzge-birge are investigated. Afterwards these active winter sports tourists are compared with tourists of the Schwarzwald. Finally, active summer and winter sports tourists of one highland are compared with each other. The results show, that some types of active winter sports tourists of highlands are comparable with sports tourists in other destinations. However, there are also highland specific winter sports tourists. At the same moment, there are more differences between winter sports tourists of different highland destinations than sports tourists in summer or winter within one destination. Destination-specific and all-year marketing strategies can be recom-mended to destination management organizations as a consequence of this work.

Title: Sport Tourism and its Influence on Development of Regions Objectives: The objective of the thesis is to introduce the sport tourism as a convenient tool for the regional development, to find out if the regions think about it in this way nowadays and how the sport tourism is incorporated in the strategic documents if so. The finding if the sport tourism is considered as a separate branch or if it is still divided into sport and tourism industry is also remarkable. This thesis sets the target to outline the different ways of the sport tourism application in a regional development and to determine certain recommendations as well. Methods: The methods used at research are qualitative content analysis and semi- structured interview. The analysis is used for the strategic documents of regions and the interviews are held with the regional representatives and the private institution agents chosen by a snowball sampling. Subsequently, a holistic analysis and an interpretation of discovered results are made. Results: I have revealed that sport and tourism are both part of the strategic documents of the regions, but no region uses the term 'sport tourism' in these documents. Sport and tourism are still two separate industries in the conception of the regions. Basically, it is possible to say that sport...

1. Sporto renginiai skatina socialinį aktyvumą, o vienas iš tokių renginių uždavinių – socialinių įgūdžių lavinimas. Socialinio aktyvumo trūkumas yra rimta moderniosios technologijos amžiaus problema. Sporto renginiai turi galios ir įtakos kovojant su šia neigiama aktualija, jie skatina neužsidaryti namuose prie kompiuterių ar televizorių, o integruotis į visuomenę. 2. Sporto renginiai – motyvuoja visuomenės narius socializuotis, susipažinti bei bendrauti ne tik su savo aplinkos žmonėmis. Skatina savirealizaciją ir mokymosi procesą bei šeimos, kaip pamatinės vertybės išsaugojimą. Ugdo vienybės jausmą tarp skirtingų žmonių ir turi išliekamąją vertę. Sporto renginiai turi unikalią galimybę keisti išankstinius nusistatymus ir sukurti socialinius pokyčius. Visa tai – gyvenimo kokybės gerinimas. 3. Pasaulio ledo ritulio čempionato renginys suteikė daug galimybių socialiniams pokyčiams ir socialinei įtakai žmonėms bei miestui, tačiau tam mažai įtakos turėjo renginio organizatorių pastangos. Sporto renginys nors ir ugdo bei skatina socialinį bendravimą, vienybės jausmą tarp skirtingų žmonių renginio metu ir turi išliekamąją vertę, tačiau sporto renginiai suburdami žmones į vieną erdvę, suteikia jiems galimybę sąveikauti vieniems su kitais ir taip socializuojantis savaime kurti socialines įtakas. / 1. Sports event promotes social activity and one of the goals is social skills development. Sort of the social activity is the great problem of modernity technology century. Sports event has the impact and power to lower this negative actualities, events promote not to be inside the house just for to watch TV or play with computer, but integrate in the society. 2. Sports event is motivating society to socialize, meet new people and make conversation with people from the different environment. It promotes self- realization and process of learning, the family like the base value saving. It develops sense of unity between different people and has long term impact. Sports event has unique opportunity to change precedent opinion and create social changes. All of that is making better of life quality. 3. The World Hockey Championship event is giving lot of opportunities for social changes and social impact for the people ant for the city. But for that little impact have efforts of event organizers. Sports event is developing and promoting social conversation, sense of unity between different people at the event and has long term value, but sports event get together lot of people in one space, give them opportunity to interact one with others and that’s how they socialize by them self and create the social impact.

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY Title of Thesis: Outdoor Activities in Finland as Offered by Czech Travel Agencies (case study of chosen travel agency) Author: Bc. Klára Hrbková Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. Jan Neuman, CSc. Year of Presentation: 2016 Abstract: Aims: This thesis is about the winter sport activities available in Scandinavian countries. It presents an analysis of travel agency Periscope Skandinávie, s.r.o. and examines Finnish travel agency Lapland Safaris' range of winter sport activities. This thesis also describes the outdoor activities available in Finland. Methods: The data presented in this thesis has been acquired by analysing documents produced by travel agencies (reports, figures, catalogues sold). The questionnaire method of research has been used to assess the level of interest future clients show in the offers promoted by the travel agencies. Details about working in travel agencies have been acquired through structured interviews with the general managers of the travel agencies. Conclusions: Finland is a promising country for Czech travel agencies (please see: Great Prospects for Outdoor Activities in Terms of Nature Conditions and Organisation). The travel agency being examined for the purposes of this thesis, Periscope Skandinávie, is successfully widening its range of winter tours in Finland. The...

The main object of this work was suggesting new product packages inclusive outdoor activities in tourism region Šumava. Next objects were making analysis of this region, questionnaire research and suggesting optimal structure of summer and winter outdoor activities in particular packages. In this diploma is suggesting 3 packages. All packages are intended for selling travel agency or other sellers.

This study was made by two students for their bachelor theses in Tourism Studies at Södertörns högskola in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate the social aspects of football tourism from a sustainable perspective. The study investigated what's essential for football travellers when they travel both abroad, but also in Sweden, to see a football game. Another factor that was investigated was how the locals, especially those living near a arena, are influenced by the behavior of the football travelers when a football event is taking place. The problems that may arise with a football trip are that locals and travelers can end up in conflicts that can lead to social consequences at the destination as well as reduce social sustainability. This study investigated this phenomenon and by identifying the problems which arise with a football trip, it can help to increase the social sustainability of the destination.  The method which was used to investigate the phenomenon of this study consisted of interviews with football travelers, the locals around Friends Arena, employees at Friends Arena and a football organizer. This was considered to contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and also give an understanding from different perspectives. At the same time, an observation was also performed on a football game to increase knowledge and understanding of a football event, but also to gain insight into the behavior of football travelers. The material that was gathered in form of interviews was then combined with theories to get a better perception of the phenomenon. The result of the study showed that the biggest motive for a football trip was to get and feel belonging with other supporters. It was the feeling of identity with other travelers that mattered the most. The result also showed that football travelers end up in a free zone where everything is allowed, which contributed to changing their behavior during the trip. Alcohol turned out to be a big part of this belonging with others and a significant part of the travel, especially in Sweden. This contributed that the local population, especially the older group, felt worried when there was a football event. It also turned out that because of this they had to adapt their personal needs and could not be near the arena when there was a football event. This also contributed to social conflicts among football travelers and locals and reduced social sustainability at the destination.  The problems surrounding football tourism proved to arise among the locals when they felt worried and had to adapt to a football event. Football travelers didn't see this as a problem because they ended up in a free zone and ignored individuals around them. Sustainable tourism should satisfy the needs of the tourist while not having to destroy the need of the local population. This was not achieved in this case, which also makes the social sustainability of football tourism difficult to achieve. / Denna studie genomfördes av två studenter för deras examensarbete inom Turismvetenskap på Södertörns högskola i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att undersöka fotbollsturismens sociala aspekter utifrån ett hållbart perspektiv. Därav undersöktes vad som är väsentligt för fotbollsresenärer när de väljer att resa både utomlands, men även inom Sverige, för att se en fotbollsmatch. En annan faktor som undersöktes var hur lokalbefolkningen, speciellt de som bor nära en arena, blir påverkade av fotbollsresenärernas beteende när det pågår ett fotbollsevent. Problematiken som kan uppstå med en fotbollsresa är att lokalbefolkningen och resenärer kan hamna i konflikter och detta kan leda till sociala konsekvenser på destinationen samt minska den sociala hållbarheten. Studien undersökte fenomenet och genom att identifiera vilka problem som uppstår med en fotbollsresa kan det även leda till att öka den sociala hållbarheten på destinationen.  Metoden som användes för att undersöka fenomenet i studien bestod i form av intervjuer med fotbollsresenärer, bofasta kring Friends Arena, anställda på Friends Arena samt en fotbollsarrangör. Vilket bidrog till en fördjupad förståelse för fenomenet och som kunde bidra till en förståelse utifrån olika perspektiv. Samtidigt utfördes även en observation på en fotbollsmatch för att öka kunskap och förståelse kring hur ett event går till, även för att få en insikt kring fotbollsresenärers beteende. Det materialet som samlades in i form av intervjuer sammanfogades sedan med teorier för att få en bättre uppfattning om fenomenet.  Resultatet i studien visade att det största motivet för en fotbollsresa är att känna en gemenskap med andra supportrar. Resultatet visade även att fotbollsresenärer hamnar i en frizon där allt är tillåtet, vilket bidra till att deras beteende under resan förändras. Alkohol visade sig vara en del av gemenskapen och en väsentlig del av resorna, speciellt inom Sverige. Detta bidrog till att lokalbefolkningen, speciellt den äldre gruppen, kände oroligheter när ett fotbollsevent pågick. Det visade sig även att på grund av detta var de tvungna att anpassa sina personliga behov och inte kunde visa sig inom arenaområdet. Detta bidrog även till att sociala konflikter uppstod bland fotbollsresenärer och lokalbefolkningen och minskade den sociala hållbarheten på destinationen. Problematiken kring fotbollsturism visade sig uppstå bland lokalbefolkningen, då de kände oroligheter och tvingades anpassa sig efter ett fotbollsevent. Fotbollsresenärerna såg inte detta som ett problem då de hamnade i en frizon och förbisåg individer runtomkring sig. Hållbar turism ska tillfredsställa turistens behov samtidigt som behoven inte ska förstöra för lokalbefolkningen. Detta stämmer inte i det här fallet vilket bidrar till att den sociala hållbarheten inom fotbollsturismen blir svår att uppnå.

Práce analyzuje vývoj business modelů v oblasti poskytování sportovních služeb. Konkrétně je zaměřena na lyžařské školy. V úvodní rešerši postupně představuje základní pojem business model a jednotlivé přístupy od různých autorů. Dále popisuje postupný vývoj poskytování sportovních služeb v turistických regionech. Výzkumná část práce obsahuje čtyři případové studie konkrétních lyžařských škol z různých oblastí, které odráží současné trendy ve sportovním průmyslu. První tři případové studie analyzují vývoj lyžařských škol, založených před rokem 1990. Případová studie nově vzniklé školy poukazuje na změnu aspektů, které vedou k založení školy v dnešní době, a poskytuje v této oblasti návod pro začínající podnikatele. Pro analýzu business modelů jednotlivých škol byl využit model Canvas. Závěr výzkumné zprávy je zpracován formou specifické analytické techniky cross-case.