<p> <i><b>Context:</b></i> Evidence supports education initiatives to improve knowledge of sport-related concussion (SRC) in active children and adolescents, as well as improve attitudes towards reporting concussion events to a supervising adult with the ultimate goal of early diagnosis and management. Most evidence focuses on urban and suburban children&rsquo;s SRC knowledge and attitudes; however, little is known regarding knowledge and attitudes of children participating in sport in rural environments. Understanding current knowledge and attitudes of rural children can inform future education and health behavior strategies that encourage early reporting. <i><b> Objective:</b></i> Two objectives guided this study. First, obtain and analyze pilot data regarding current sport-concussion knowledge and attitudes from a rural youth cohort using a validated survey tool for adolescents. Secondly, make recommendations regarding the use of the tool and process to apply this method to a larger sample. <i><b>Design:</b></i> Survey Design. <i><b> Setting:</b></i> Middle and high school education setting. <i><b> Participants:</b></i> Twenty of 81 students who participated in interscholastic sport at a rural high school completed the survey for a response rate of 24.7%. More females (70%) than males (30%) completed the survey (<i>M</i>age = 15.0yrs, <i>SD</i> = 1.89; range 13&ndash;18 years). <i><b> Data Collection and Analysis:</b></i> Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey &ndash; Student Version (RoCKAS-ST). Main <i><b> Outcome Measure(s):</b></i> Self-reported &ldquo;likelihood to report&rdquo;, concussion knowledge index (CKI), and concussion attitude index (CAI). <i><b> Results:</b></i> Concussion knowledge (CKI) was high amongst all respondents (19.7/25) and related positively to concussion attitude towards safe environments (CAI = 60.5/75). Students also self-reported a strong likelihood to report a concussion (7.3/10). Age, sex nor participation in contact verses noncontact sports did not vary from this trend with one exception; football respondents reported the lowest likelihood to report regardless of having knowledge and a safe attitudes. <i><b>Conclusions:</b></i> Although no formal education strategy has been delivered to this small cohort, respondents demonstrated a high or acceptable level of SRC knowledge, attitude and likelihood to report. The RoCKAS-ST as well at the process for delivering the survey was generally sound, however, delivering the survey during baseline testing may improve response rate. Future research should investigate the knowledge and attitudes of a larger cohort of rural student-athletes and should include more details on where students are receiving their education. </p><p>

<p> The success of Chinese professional athletes is attributable to the government-run elite sport system; it is seen as one of the most effective and successful systems at nurturing high-skilled athletes. However, within the Chinese professional sport system, tensions between athletes' athletic skills and overall personal development have been widely documented. Among all studies, very few have employed in-depth interviews with professional wushu athletes. In this study, the researcher utilized in-depth semi-structured interviews with professional wushu athletes from three of the 25 professional wushu teams in mainland China. The study was conducted in order to understand the potential conflicts between athletes' athletic skills development and overall personal development. Findings revealed that athletes bear the training at great cost to their future potential as self-sufficient members of Chinese society. Their academic, social, and vocational skills are subject to deep neglect that negatively impacts their post-competition careers. The system considers investment in preparation for the post-competitive lives of the athletes to be a distraction from, or even an impediment to, their success in competition. It is suggested that the Chinese sport system undertake a review and reformation of its approach to wushu training to provide athletes with the skills needed to successfully navigate a life outside of athletics.</p>

Sports participation imparts a risk of injury. By considering the risk factors involved and taking appropriate action, many injuries can be prevented, or at least their severity minimised. Among the many injuries sustained in sport ankle injury is well substantiated to be one of the most prevalent, particularly ankle sprain in football. While ankle supports are commonly used in an attempt to decrease the risk of ankle injury, there are concerns over their effect upon performance and the actual mechanism of support. Taping is a universally accepted form of ankle prophylaxis, reportedly protecting the ankle by providing joint stability and enhancing proprioceptive input. Proprioceptive training is used in rehabilitation to reduce proprioceptive deficits and is beginning to be used as a tool in prevention, again by enhancing proprioception. However, despite their widespread use, the proprioceptive effects of both taping and training are unclear for healthy subjects. An investigation was undertaken to confirm results from preceding studies in the literature, concerning the prevalence of ankle injury in football. By means of an injury survey over two football seasons, the high incidence of injury to the ankle was confirmed. This prompted exploration of the influence of taping and training by investigating the consequences of their use upon athletic performance, and their proprioceptive effect upon the ankles of healthy football players. Neither taping nor training was shown to significantly affect athletic performance, so assuaging concerns over any detriment caused by their prophylactic use. Examination of their proprioceptive effects revealed a slight increase in postural sway with taping and proprioceptive training, though this was not overall statistically significant. Significance was seen in centre of balance positioning, with taping causing the centre of balance to shift to the left and proprioceptive training to the right in single leg stance and left in double leg stance. Consideration of electromyography results revealed varying changes in muscle activity due to taping and training dependent upon the muscle examined and its action in postural stability. The conclusion is that both taping and training can be used without concern for impairment of performance but their overall effect on proprioception in the healthy player is still questionable. It may be that the sportsperson is at an optimum level of proprioception that cannot be improved. Nevertheless, knowledge of the proprioceptive level for the individual is useful for rehabilitation and there is still scope to further investigate this phenomenon, particularly in rehabilitation of the injured sportsperson. More importantly, the research paves the way for investigation into the effect of these prophylactic measures on incidence of injury. If either taping or proprioceptively training the healthy ankle can reduce the incidence of ankle injury in football, then their long-term use must be considered.

Den här studien handlar om hur kränkande handlingar utspelar sig inom ämnet idrott och hälsa, vil- ket berör alla som befinner sig på denna arena. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få kunskap om hur ofta kränkande handlingar förekommer, vilka olika former som påträffas, vad de handlar om, och om dessa skiljer sig åt beroende på kön samt på vilka platser dessa handlingar främst förekommer inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. I Studien har personer i ålder 20-30 år undersökts om deras upplevelse kring hur kränkande handlingar utspelade sig på högstadiet. Det empiriska materialet består av 69 enkäter som besvarats av (34 pojkar, 35 flickor). Huvudslutsatserna i studien visar att kränkande handlingar är ett förekommande problem i idrotts- undervisningen men något som kan vara svåra att upptäcka. Det pågår ständigt ett socialt maktspel mellan elever som tar skepnad i olika kränkande former. En annan slutsats är att flickor och pojkar uttrycker sina kränkande handlingar på olika sätt, subtilt respektive synligt. Dock visar resultatet att den vanligaste formen kränkande handling tar sig uttryck är verbalt hos de båda könen. Vidare är idrottshallen en plats där det är svårt för läraren att ha uppsikt över alla situationer som händer. Plat- ser såsom omklädningsrum, vid pågående idrottsaktiviteter vid lagindelning, och vid köer till aktivi- ter skapas spelrum för att kränkningar kan ske. / This study is about how offensive deeds takes place in the subject of physical education in school, which affects all who find themselves in this arena. The purpose of the essay is to gain knowledge about the frequency of abusive acts occur, what are the different forms which are found and if these differ depending on gender and on which sites these actions mainly occurs in the subject of sport and health. The study is directed to people who are 20-30 years old and how they experienced abu- sive acts took place at the high school. The empirical material consists of 69 questionnaires an- swered by (34 male, 35 female). The main conclusions of the study show that abusive conduct is a common problem in sports educa- tion but that can be difficult to detect. There is always a social power game between students that take shape in various abusive forms, which are difficult and some are easier to notice as an outsider. Another conclusion is that girls and boys express their aggression in different ways, subtle and visi- ble. A commonly used form offensive acts manifesting itself is verbal in the two sexes. Further in- vites the sports hall as many situations where the teacher does not have sufficient supervision and attendance so that violations are detected. Places such as in the locker room, at sports activities in the team classification, queues for activities created room so that violations can occur.

The purpose of the study was to investigate upper secondary teachers' perception and description of formative assessment in the subject of sports and health, but also how they assess that the formative assessment develops the students' learning in the subject. Through a qualitative approach, the results have been developed via seven semi-structured interviews with active teachers in the subject of physical education and health, grades 7–9.   The previous research on formative assessment in sports and health has shown that assessment is complex and difficult for physical education teachers (Tolgfors, 2017). The results of the present study demonstrate, based on the teachers' description, that factors such as time and competence contribute to the teachers' perception of formative assessment. The practical parts are dominated when it comes to formative assessment according to the teachers because they see feedback as more time-consuming in the theoretical parts. It is also in the practical parts that three of five key strategies for formative ­assessment are most expressed (William, 2013). According to the teachers' description, the learning that is promoted in the teaching is physical activity and the joy of movement. Results also show that teachers need support and knowledge to develop their formative classroom practice. Based on previous research and the survey results, there are arguments that the competence and the right conditions for formative assessment in the subject of sports and health need to be improved.

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Title: Physical activity in students live in Prague and Tartu . Goals: The aim of the theses Physical activity in the live of students in Prague and Tartu is to learn about the sports conditions for students and comparison of possibilities in localities - student city Prague, Czech Republic and Tartu, Estonia. Furthermore will be analyzed the requirements of the students for their physical activity and for the local conditions for sports. The theses will be also aimed at the question of provided information by the university to the students (of non sport fields of studies) in the topic of the offer of optional study courses focused on physical activity. Methods: Observation, interviews and e-mail questionnaire survey, the presentation of results of a questionnaire survey on the basis percentage evaluation, view in the charts. Results: All data obtained from a questionnaire survey are presented in the chapter presentation and discussion of the results. Final summary of these results is an important base to the proposals for possible improvements to the current situation. Keywords: Physical activity, student, information, health, sports, sport facilities

Tidigare studier har visat att dansen har en positiv inverkan på individens hälsa. Trots detta ges dansen ett begränsat utrymme i skolämnet idrott och hälsa. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka ämnet idrott och hälsa i årskurs 7–9 utifrån ett lärarperspektiv med fokus på lärmomentet dans. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats och består av digitala semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av 6 idrottslärare med giltig legitimation som arbetar på högstadiet med årskurs 7–9. Urvalet bestod av 50/50 könsfördelning. Under intervjuerna fick respondenterna reflektera och diskutera kring dansmomentet i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Respondenterna delade med sig av egna erfarenheter och egna tankar som var relevanta till studien.    Resultaten visade att dansmomentet fungerar bra enligt respondenterna även om det i vissa fall förekommer en mer negativ attityd till dansen. Två större utmaningar som uppmärksammades av majoriteten av respondenterna innefattar attityden/inställningen till dans och Coronapandemins påverkan på dansundervisningen. I dagsläget står dansmomentet som ett kunskapskrav i undervisningen och kan ha stor inverkan på elevernas betyg både positivt och negativt. Dansen ses som en rolig aktivitet som är ”så mycket mer än bara nåt fjantigt” vilket även går att använda sig av utanför skolan. Genusreflektionerna kring dansen påvisar att respondenterna upplever att flickor oftare höjer sig i betyg samtidigt som pojkarnas betyg kan sänkas en hel del. Detta kan delvis bero på att pojkarna har en mer negativ attityd till dansen. Resultatets olika teman går att koppla ihop med varandra vilket visar på att många olika delar kan påverka dansmomentet i idrott och hälsa. / Previous studies have shown that dance has a positive impact on the individual's health. Despite this, dance is given a limited space in the school subject sports and health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the subject sports and health in grades 7–9 from a teacher perspective with a focus on the lesson element dance. The study is based on a qualitative approach and consists of digital semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 6 sports teachers with valid identification who work in high school with grades 7-9. The sample consisted of a 50/50 gender distribution. During the interviews, the participants got to reflect and discuss the dance part in the subject of sports and health. They shared their own experiences and thoughts that were relevant to the study. The result was able to state that the dance part works well according to the participants, even though in some cases there is a more negative attitude to the dance. Two major challenges that were highlighted by most participants include the attitude / attitude towards dance and the impact of the Corona pandemic on dance instruction. At present, the dance element is a knowledge requirement in teaching and can have a great impact on students' grades both positively and negatively. In 2022, this will change, which has aroused the thoughts of some participants. The dance is seen as a fun activity that is "so much more than just something silly" which can also be used outside of school. The gender reflections on dance show that the participants experience girls more often rise in grades while the boys' grades can be lowered a lot. This may be partly because the boys have a more negative attitude to the dance. The different themes of the result can be linked to each other, which shows that many different parts can affect the dance part in sports and health.

Bakgrunden till denna studie grundas i tidigare forskning om bedömning i ämnet idrott och hälsa, samt egna erfarenheter av bedömning i skolmiljö. Bedömningen är ett viktigt uppdrag som lärare har i uppgift att genomföra, men det är inte alltid lätt att följa de styrdokument som ska kontrollera att det sker på ett korrekt och rättvist sätt.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det går att påvisa faktorer till varför det finns skillnader i hur lärare i idrott och hälsa genomför bedömningar av sina elever. Det har genomförts många studier som säger att detta arbete varierar från en lärare till en annan, men mindre om varför det är så. Den här studien baseras i huvudsak på hypotesen att lärare som har en längre erfarenhet från föregående läroplan (Lpo94) i större utsträckning baserar sina bedömningar på faktorer som inte kan kopplas till de aktuella kunskapskraven.I studien har en enkät skickats ut till slumpvis utvalda högstadieskolor över hela Sverige. Enkäten har varit frivillig att delta i, och det är enbart undervisande lärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa (årskurs 7–9) som deltagit. Sammanlagt valde 122 personer att delta.Resultatet i den här studien tyder på att ålder och lärarens erfarenhet att ha arbetat med den äldre läroplanen (Lpo94) under en längre tid kan vara påverkande faktorer till den skilda bedömning som sker. / This study is based on a lot of previous studies about assessment in the subject sports and health, as well as personal experiences of assessment in the school environment. Assessment is an important part of the job that teachers have to execute, but it’s not always easy to follow the curriculum’s instructions which are there to make sure it is done in a fair way.The objective for this study has been to determine if its possible to show some factors that affects the grading process, and creates differences, in the assessments between teachers in physical education and health. There has been previous studies that has shown that this work differs from one teacher to another, but less about why it is so. The hypothesis of this study is that teachers with a longer work experience with grading under the previous curriculum (Lpo94) in greater numbers build their assessments to components that are not part of the current curriculum’s knowledge requierments.In this study a survey has been sent out to junior high schools, randomly chosen, over all of Sweden. The survey has been voluntary, and only currently active teachers in sports and health has participated. All in all 122 people decided to participate.The results in this study suggest age and a longer experience with working with assessments under the previous curriculum (Lpo94) seems to be contributing factors to the different ways assessment is performed.

Personer med funktionsnedsättning har samma behov av fysik aktivitet och samma hälsofrämjande vinster som personer utan funktionsnedsättning. Tyvärr har personer med funktionsnedsättning inte alltid samma möjligheter som andra. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur det ser ut inom idrotten och föreningslivet för personer med funktionsnedsättning, vilka möjligheter och hinder finns det. Hur arbetar föreningar och Parasportförbunden med dessa frågor? Uppsatsen är kvalitativ och har utförts med intervjuer av personer som arbetar inom Svenska parasportförbundet och två distrikt inom parasportförbunden, samt en fritidssamordnare, och en intervju med en paraidrottare inom simning. En liten enkät skickades ut till tolv föreningar med tre frågor. Resultatet visar att bättre transportmöjligheter och kommunikation behövs för att personer med funktionsnedsättning ska ha bättre möjligheter till att vara både inkluderade och integrerade. Slutsatsen är att det behöver struktureras genom att rutiniseras inom föreningsliv och organisationer för att personer med funktionsnedsättning ska ha samma möjlighet till en aktiv fritid.