A dissertação investiga a ação do diretor de teatro no âmbito da criação de imagens, e procura definir um conceito de imagem teatral tendo como modelo artístico e teórico, a fotografia. Em que medida a imagem teatral pode ser pensada a partir da imagem fotográfica? Como diferenciar cena e imagem no teatro? Visando responder a tais perguntas, o trabalho realiza um estudo conceitual das relações entre a fotografia e o teatro, recorrendo à literatura teórica das duas áreas, bem como, a textos psicanalíticos, dando especial atenção à estética da imagem construída, e à presença da encenação na produção fotográfica contemporânea. Além disso, examina o processo criativo de O problema do carteiro chinês, com o objetivo de discorrer e ponderar sobre os procedimentos de criação de uma peça totalmente baseada em imagens fotográficas, bem como, das relações entre teatro e fotografia observadas na prática. A partir do trânsito entre teoria e prática, realiza-se uma reflexão sobre o componente visual do espetáculo teatral na contemporaneidade. / This Master´s dissertation investigates the action of theater director within the scope of image creation, and seeks to define a concept of theatrical image based on the theoretical and artistic model of photography. To what extent the theatrical image can be considered from the photographic image? How to differentiate scene and image in the theater? In order to answer these questions, the work makes a conceptual study of the relationship between photography and theater, using the theoretical literature from both areas, as well as the psychoanalytic texts, giving special attention to the aesthetics of constructed image and the presence of the staging in contemporary photographic production. Furthermore, it examines the creative process of O problema do carteiro chinês (The chinese postman´s problem) in order to discuss and ponder the procedures for creating a play based entirely on photographic images, as well as the relationship between theater and photography observed in practice. From the transit between theory and practice, we reflect on the visual component of the contemporary theatrical spectacle.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é o de trabalhar o problema de corte bidimensional guilhotinado irrestrito e no-estagiado. Para tanto, foram revistas regras e heurísticas a serem utilizadas e foi sugerida uma combinação da regra de simetria com a heurística de geraçgo dos pontos de cortes possíveis. Uma abordagem em grafo-E/OU, com a utilizaçgo de uma estratégia híbrida, que combina as técnicas \"Hill-Climbing\" e \"Depth-First\" para a busca em grafo, foi utilizada para a resolução do problema. Finalmente, foram comparados os resultados obtidos com resultados apresentados na literatura. / The general purpose of this study is to deal with the non-staged unconstrained guilhotined cutting problem. For this, rules and heuristics in use are reviewed and a combination between simmetry rule and possible cutting points generation heuristics in suggested. An AND/OR-graph approach, with used a hibrid strategy that combines Hill-Climbing and Depth-First techniques, in order to serach the graph, was used to solve this problem. Finally, results from this study and results presented in the literature are compared.

This work explores a novel vision model based coding approach to encode medical images at a perceptually lossless quality, within the framework of the JPEG 2000 coding engine. Perceptually lossless encoding offers the best of both worlds, delivering images free of visual distortions and at the same time providing significantly greater compression ratio gains over its information lossless counterparts. This is achieved through a visual pruning function, embedded with an advanced model of the human visual system to accurately identify and to efficiently remove visually irrelevant/insignificant information. In addition, it maintains bit-stream compliance with the JPEG 2000 coding framework and subsequently is compliant with the Digital Communications in Medicine standard (DICOM). Equally, the pruning function is applicable to other Discrete Wavelet Transform based image coders, e.g., The Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees. Further significant coding gains are ex ploited through an artificial edge segmentation algorithm and a novel arithmetic pruning algorithm. The coding effectiveness and qualitative consistency of the algorithm is evaluated through a double-blind subjective assessment with 31 medical experts, performed using a novel 2-staged forced choice assessment that was devised for medical experts, offering the benefits of greater robustness and accuracy in measuring subjective responses. The assessment showed that no differences of statistical significance were perceivable between the original images and the images encoded by the proposed coder.

Inom svenskundervisningen ska elever lära sig att samtala om elevnära frågor och ämnen genom att fråga, kommentera och framföra egna åsikter (Skolverket, 2017). Läroplanen Lgr11 beskriver inte hur lärare ska planera sin undervisning för att elever ska få möjligheten att utveckla ovan nämnda förmågor. I denna studie analyserades lågstadieelevers muntliga förmågor. Hur samtal utifrån skönlitteratur respektive iscensatta samtal kan bidra till att elever i årskurs tre utvecklar förmågorna att diskutera, uttrycka åsikter och framföra samt bemöta argument. För att få reda på hur lärare nyttjar skönlitteratur i sin svenskundervisning samt hur de arbetar för att elever ska utveckla de utvalda muntliga förmågorna har semistrukturerade intervjuer nyttjats. Genom en didaktisk design har en jämförelse mellan iscensatta samtal och samtal kring en skönlitterär berättelse genomförts för att kunna bedöma vilken typ av samtal som främst främjar elevers utveckling av de utvalda muntliga förmågorna. Resultatet av de semistrukturerade intervjuerna med lärare visade att de flesta lärarna främst nyttjar skönlitteratur vid individuell läsning respektive högläsning och stundvis inkluderades skönlitteraturen vid andra temaarbeten. För att elever ska utveckla de utvalda muntliga förmågorna arbetar lärarna främst för ett tryggt klassrumsklimat för att eleverna ska våga uttrycka sina tankar och åsikter. Trots tidigare forskningsrekommendationer att nyttja skönlitteratur som utgångspunkt vid samtal visar den didaktiska designen att de iscensatta samtalen främjade elevernas utveckling av de muntliga förmågorna. / In Swedish education regarding Swedish as a subject, pupils should learn to talk about pupil issues and subjects by asking, commenting and expressing their own opinions (Skolverket, 2017). The curriculum Lgr11 does not describe how teachers should plan their lessons in order to enable pupils to develop the abovementioned abilities. In this study, the oral abilities of primary school pupils were analysed, how conversations based on fiction and staged conversations could help pupils in grade three to develop the ability to discuss, express opinions, argue and respond to arguments. Semi structured interviews have been used to investigate how teachers use fiction in their Swedish education and how they work to enable that pupils develop the chosen oral skills. Through a didactic design, a comparison between staged conversations and conversations about a fictional story has been conducted. This was done to be able to assess what type of conversation that primarily promotes the pupils' development of the chosen oral skills. The result of the interviews showed that most teachers mainly use fiction for individual reading and reading aloud, while fiction was included occasionally in other thematic work. For pupils to develop the chosen oral skills, teachers are primarily working for a safe classroom environment to enable pupils to express their thoughts and opinions. Despite recommendations from previous research to use fiction as a basis for conversation, the didactic design shows that the staged conversations promoted the pupils' development of the oral skills. In Swedish education regarding Swedish as a subject, pupils should learn to talk about pupil issues and subjects by asking, commenting and expressing their own opinions (Skolverket, 2017). The curriculum Lgr11 does not describe how teachers should plan their lessons in order to enable pupils to develop the abovementioned abilities. In this study, the oral abilities of primary school pupils were analysed, how conversations based on fiction and staged conversations could help pupils in grade three to develop the ability to discuss, express opinions, argue and respond to arguments. Semi structured interviews have been used to investigate how teachers use fiction in their Swedish education and how they work to enable that pupils develop the chosen oral skills. Through a didactic design, a comparison between staged conversations and conversations about a fictional story has been conducted. This was done to be able to assess what type of conversation that primarily promotes the pupils' development of the chosen oral skills. The result of the interviews showed that most teachers mainly use fiction for individual reading and reading aloud, while fiction was included occasionally in other thematic work. For pupils to develop the chosen oral skills, teachers are primarily working for a safe classroom environment to enable pupils to express their thoughts and opinions. Despite recommendations from previous research to use fiction as a basis for conversation, the didactic design shows that the staged conversations promoted the pupils' development of the oral skills.

A dissertação investiga a ação do diretor de teatro no âmbito da criação de imagens, e procura definir um conceito de imagem teatral tendo como modelo artístico e teórico, a fotografia. Em que medida a imagem teatral pode ser pensada a partir da imagem fotográfica? Como diferenciar cena e imagem no teatro? Visando responder a tais perguntas, o trabalho realiza um estudo conceitual das relações entre a fotografia e o teatro, recorrendo à literatura teórica das duas áreas, bem como, a textos psicanalíticos, dando especial atenção à estética da imagem construída, e à presença da encenação na produção fotográfica contemporânea. Além disso, examina o processo criativo de O problema do carteiro chinês, com o objetivo de discorrer e ponderar sobre os procedimentos de criação de uma peça totalmente baseada em imagens fotográficas, bem como, das relações entre teatro e fotografia observadas na prática. A partir do trânsito entre teoria e prática, realiza-se uma reflexão sobre o componente visual do espetáculo teatral na contemporaneidade. / This Master´s dissertation investigates the action of theater director within the scope of image creation, and seeks to define a concept of theatrical image based on the theoretical and artistic model of photography. To what extent the theatrical image can be considered from the photographic image? How to differentiate scene and image in the theater? In order to answer these questions, the work makes a conceptual study of the relationship between photography and theater, using the theoretical literature from both areas, as well as the psychoanalytic texts, giving special attention to the aesthetics of constructed image and the presence of the staging in contemporary photographic production. Furthermore, it examines the creative process of O problema do carteiro chinês (The chinese postman´s problem) in order to discuss and ponder the procedures for creating a play based entirely on photographic images, as well as the relationship between theater and photography observed in practice. From the transit between theory and practice, we reflect on the visual component of the contemporary theatrical spectacle.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é o de trabalhar o problema de corte bidimensional guilhotinado irrestrito e no-estagiado. Para tanto, foram revistas regras e heurísticas a serem utilizadas e foi sugerida uma combinação da regra de simetria com a heurística de geraçgo dos pontos de cortes possíveis. Uma abordagem em grafo-E/OU, com a utilizaçgo de uma estratégia híbrida, que combina as técnicas \"Hill-Climbing\" e \"Depth-First\" para a busca em grafo, foi utilizada para a resolução do problema. Finalmente, foram comparados os resultados obtidos com resultados apresentados na literatura. / The general purpose of this study is to deal with the non-staged unconstrained guilhotined cutting problem. For this, rules and heuristics in use are reviewed and a combination between simmetry rule and possible cutting points generation heuristics in suggested. An AND/OR-graph approach, with used a hibrid strategy that combines Hill-Climbing and Depth-First techniques, in order to serach the graph, was used to solve this problem. Finally, results from this study and results presented in the literature are compared.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the proposal of a bridge structure in the direction of Přerov – Lipník in the cadastral territory of the Osek nad Bečvou. A bridge is used to overcome the road III/43612 in km 93,550, the stream Lubeň and a field trip. From tree alternatives is selected a post-tensioned two-beam concrete struction and assessed according to the limit states including an impact of phased construction according to the European standards. Also it is prepared a drawing documentation, an accompanying report and a visualization of the beam.

No description available.

No description available.

Placement and compaction of the backfill behind an earth retaining wall may induce a vertical shear force at the soil-to-wall interface. This vertical shear force, or downdrag, is beneficial for the stability of the structure. A significant reduction in construction costs may result if the downdrag is accounted for during design. This potential reduction in costs is particularly interesting in the case of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lock walls. A simplified procedure is available in the literature for estimating the downdrag force developed at the wall-backfill interface during backfilling of a retaining wall. However, finite element analyses of typical U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lock walls have shown that the magnitude of the downdrag force may decrease during operation of the lock with a rise in the water table in the backfill. They have also shown that pre- and post-construction stress paths followed by interface elements often involve simultaneous changes in shear and normal stresses and unloading-reloading. The hyperbolic formulation for interfaces (Clough and Duncan 1971) is accurate for modeling the interface response in the primary loading stage under constant normal stress. However, it has not been extended to model simultaneous changes in shear and normal stresses or unloading-reloading of the interface. The purpose of this research was to develop an interface model capable of giving accurate predictions of the interface response under field loading conditions, and to implement this model in a finite element program. In order to develop the necessary experimental data, a series of tests were performed on interfaces between concrete and two different types of sand. The tests included initial loading, staged shear, unloading-reloading, and shearing along complex stress paths. An extended hyperbolic model for interfaces was developed based on the results of the tests. The model is based on Clough and Duncan (1971) hyperbolic formulation, which has been extended to model the interface response to a variety of stress paths. Comparisons between model calculations and tests results showed that the model provides accurate estimates of the response of interfaces along complex stress paths. The extended hyperbolic model was implemented in the finite element program SOILSTRUCT-ALPHA, used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for analyses of lock walls. A pilot-scale test was performed in the Instrumented Retaining Wall (IRW) at Virginia Tech that simulated construction and operation of a lock wall. SOILSTRUCT-ALPHA analyses of the IRW provided accurate estimates of the downdrag magnitude throughout inundation of the backfill. It is concluded that the extended hyperbolic model as implemented in SOILSTRUCT-ALPHA is adequate for routine analyses of lock walls. / Ph. D.