The 'postmodern challenge' is increasingly felt in the 'end of modernity' to which Gianni Vattimo refers. The West and the world has hitherto been dominated by what Andrew Gamble characterises as the Modern or Western Ideology. But the validity of that worldview and its associated ways of thinking, going back to the 'Enlightenment' and beyond, has come to be radically questioned. It is within this context that the work and thought of CS Lewis is examined. Although Lewis is generally recognised, and regarded himself, as conservative and even reactionary, there is a paradoxical quality to his conservatism, the elements of which coexist with features which might be regarded as liberal and as radically socialist respectively. Similarly, his commitment to the religious and cultural tradition of Western Europe co-exists with a vehement anticolonialism. A paradoxical association of postmodermism with 'premodernity' has been widely noted in Buddhism and, by Derrida, in Eastern Christian theology. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that a paradoxical postmodernism is evident in the thought of Lewis. One source suggested for this is his interest in Eastern Christianity. Another is identified as the influence on Lewis of the opposition of Romanticism to 'Enlightenment' modernity. But Lewis's own engagement with modernity is also shown to be significant. Two broad trends in postmodernism are discussed. The affinities of Lewis's thought with the nihilistic tradition of postmodernism, going back to Nietzsche, is traced with regard to issues such as rationalism, science, the autonomy of the subject, and authorship. But the ambivalent relationship of Lewis to spiritually-oriented, affirmative postmodernism, and particularly Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy, is also analysed. The crucial role of Scholasticism in the development of Western thought is investigated in a comparison of Steiner's views with the Christian position of Lewis. It is concluded that there are grounds to regard Lewis as. 'prophet of postmodernism', and he is compared with Nietzsche and Pope John-Paul II in this regard. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Church History)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two literary conversion narratives with much historical detail, are compared in this thesis: the Confessiones written by the renowned fourth century church-father, St. Augustine, and Surprised by Joy written by the twentieth century writer and scholar, C.S. Lewis. In order to understand St. Augustine's conversion to the Christian faith, Christian religion as a social phenomenon in the Ancient World is discussed. As background for the discussion and comparison of the two conversion narratives, a brief biography is given of St. Augustine and of Lewis, as well as a description of each one's course of conversion. The research is structured In terms of beacons that St. Augustine identified during the course of his conversion: people who played a significant role, events that influenced his life, and inner conflict that spurred him on his way. By means of an analysis regarding theme and content, it is shown that there are clear similarities between the beacons identified by Augustine and Lewis in their conversion narratives. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word twee literêre bekeringsverhale waarin die historiese werklikheid deur die skrywers weergegee word, met mekaar vergelyk: die Confessiones van die vierde eeuse kerkvader Augustinus, en Surprised by Joy van die twintigste eeuse skrywer en geleerde C.S. Lewis. Om Augustinus se bekeringsverhaal histories te kan plaas teen die agtergrond waarin hy geleef en tot bekering gekom het, word 'n uiteensetting gegee van die Christelike godsdiens as 'n sosiale fenomeen in die Antieke Wêreld. 'n Kort lewensbeskrywing van Augustinus en Lewis en 'n oorsig van die weg wat elkeen se bekering gevolg het, dien as agtergrond vir die bespreking en vergelyking van die twee bekeringsverhale. Die navorsing word gestruktureer aan die hand van bakens wat Augustinus op sy bekeringsweg uitgelig het: persone wat 'n beduidende rol gespeel het, gebeure wat hom beïnvloed het, innerlike konflik wat hom voortgedryf het. Die tesis toon deur 'n analise op grond van inhoud en tematiek aan dat daar duidelike ooreenkomste is tussen die bakens op Augustinus se bekeringsweg en dié op Lewis se bekeringsweg.

The 'postmodern challenge' is increasingly felt in the 'end of modernity' to which Gianni Vattimo refers. The West and the world has hitherto been dominated by what Andrew Gamble characterises as the Modern or Western Ideology. But the validity of that worldview and its associated ways of thinking, going back to the 'Enlightenment' and beyond, has come to be radically questioned. It is within this context that the work and thought of CS Lewis is examined. Although Lewis is generally recognised, and regarded himself, as conservative and even reactionary, there is a paradoxical quality to his conservatism, the elements of which coexist with features which might be regarded as liberal and as radically socialist respectively. Similarly, his commitment to the religious and cultural tradition of Western Europe co-exists with a vehement anticolonialism. A paradoxical association of postmodermism with 'premodernity' has been widely noted in Buddhism and, by Derrida, in Eastern Christian theology. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that a paradoxical postmodernism is evident in the thought of Lewis. One source suggested for this is his interest in Eastern Christianity. Another is identified as the influence on Lewis of the opposition of Romanticism to 'Enlightenment' modernity. But Lewis's own engagement with modernity is also shown to be significant. Two broad trends in postmodernism are discussed. The affinities of Lewis's thought with the nihilistic tradition of postmodernism, going back to Nietzsche, is traced with regard to issues such as rationalism, science, the autonomy of the subject, and authorship. But the ambivalent relationship of Lewis to spiritually-oriented, affirmative postmodernism, and particularly Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy, is also analysed. The crucial role of Scholasticism in the development of Western thought is investigated in a comparison of Steiner's views with the Christian position of Lewis. It is concluded that there are grounds to regard Lewis as. 'prophet of postmodernism', and he is compared with Nietzsche and Pope John-Paul II in this regard. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Church History)

Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to establish the best method of wound closure with regards to patient satisfaction that includes wound cosmesis and pain. STUDY DESIGN One hundred patients were randomised to two groups for the closure of abdominal wounds; one group had subcuticular sutures and the other staples. They were followed up at 6 weeks. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction that includes wound cosmesis and pain. The secondary outcome was wound complications. RESULTS In women undergoing abdominal operations there was no difference as regards the patient satisfaction in both the groups, subcuticular sutures n= 51 vs. staples n=49 (P = 0.76). CONCLUSION Our study suggest that there is no statistically significant difference in the methods of wound closure, subcuticular sutures vs. staples as regards the patient satisfaction and the appearance of the scar leaving the decision in the hands of the surgeon to choose any method according to their own personnel preference and availability. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: NAVORSINGSDOEL Die fokus van hierdie projek is om vas te stel wat die beste metode van vel sluiting is ten opsigte van pasiënt bevrediging ten opsigte van wond voorkoms en pyn. METODES Een honderd pasiënte is ewekansig verdeel tot velsluiting van abdominale wonde met subkutane oplosbare steke of velhakies. Evaluasie is gedoen tydens ‘n opvolg besoek 6 weke na chirurgie. Die hoof uitkoms was pasiënt tevredenheid. Evaluasie van wond komplikasies is as sekondêre uitkoms beskryf. RESULTATE Vroulike pasiënte wat ‘n Pfannenstiel velinsnyding ondergaan toon geen verskil in pasiënt tevredenheid wanneer subkutane steke (n = 51) met velhakies (n = 49) vergelyk word nie (P = 0.76). SAMEVATTING Ons projek het geen statisties beduidende verskil getoon ten opsigte van pasiënt tevredenheid of wond voorkoms met 6 weke opvolg nie. Dit laat dus die besluit by die chirurg om metode van velsluiting te kies afhangend van voorkeur en toerusting beskikbaarheid.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis is internationally considered as one of the classics of children’s literature. The series consists of seven books, of which only the first four were translated into Afrikaans, namely Die Towenaar se Neef (The Magician’s Nephew), Die Leeu, die Heks en die Hangkas (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe), Die Perd en sy Seun (The Horse and his Boy) and Prins Kaspian (Prince Caspian). According to the publisher, Human & Rousseau, they have no intention to translate the remainder of the series. The three books that have not been translated into Afrikaans are The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair and The Last Battle. The main aim of this study is the practical translation of a selection of The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. The Functionalist approach of Vermeer and Nord, Toury and Chesterman’s translation norms from Descriptive Translation Studies, Venuti’s foreignisation and domestication and Klingberg’s cultural contex adaptation form the theoretical framework for both the discussion and analysis of the source text as well as the translation. The four types of translation problems as identified by Nord are used as the framework for the annotations of the translation. By doing a theoretically based translation, the connection between theory and practice is illustrated: the translator chooses a general approach and translation strategies and is consequently guided to make consistent translation choices on macro as well as micro levels. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: C.S. Lewis se Chronicles of Narnia beklee internasionaal ’n gevestigde plek in die kanon van kinder- en jeugliteratuur. Die reeks bestaan uit sewe boeke, waarvan slegs die eerste vier in Afrikaans vertaal is, naamlik Die Towenaar se Neef, Die Leeu, die Heks en die Hangkas, Die Perd en sy Seun en Prins Kaspian. Volgens die uitgewer, Human & Rousseau, word daar nie verdere vertalings van die reeks beoog nie. Die drie onvertaalde boeke in die reeks is The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair en The Last Battle. Hierdie studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die praktiese vertaling van ’n gedeelte van The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Vermeer en Nord se Funksionalisme, Toury en Chesterman se vertaalnorme uit Deskriptiewe Vertaalstudies, Venuti se vervreemding en domestikering en Klingberg se kulturele konteksaanpassing dien as teoretiese raamwerk vir sowel die bespreking en ontleding van die bronteks as die vertaling. Nord se vier tipes vertaalprobleme dien as raamwerk vir die annotasies tot die vertaling. Deur ’n teoreties gebaseerde vertaling te doen word geïllustreer hoe teorie en praktyk by mekaar aansluit: die vertaler kies ’n algemene benadering en vertaalstrategieë, en word sodoende begelei tot konsekwente vertaalbesluite op makro- en mikrovlak.

Šiame darbe pateikiama mokslinės literatūros apžvalga ir OMXB Plataus vartojimo prekių gamintojų finansinių rodiklių palyginamoji analizė 2007 – 2009 metų laikotarpiu. Finasiniai rodikliai suskirstyti į keturias grupes: pelningumo, mokumo, turto apyvartumo ir kapitalo rinkos. Palyginamosios analizės tikslas – nustatyti ir palyginti faktinius įmonių rodiklius tarpusavyje ir su ūkio šaka, nustatyti įmones, kurios vykdė pelningą veiklą, neturėjo mokumo problemų, o turtas buvo valdomas efektyviai. Nustatyta rinkos kaina leidžia išsirinkti geriausias investavimo galimybes šiame sektoriuje. Palyginus įmones pagal visas rodiklių grupes buvo nustatytos geriausios visų sektorių įmonės. Darbe pavaizduota atskirų įmonių ir vidų sektorių rodiklių dinamika nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu. Naudoti metodai – mokslinės literatūros apžvalga, lyginamoji analizė. / This paper presents an overview of the scientific literature and OMXB Consumer Staples comparative analysis of financial indicators during the period of 2007 - 2009. Financial indicators were grouped into four categories: profitability, solvency, asset turnover and markets indicators. . Goal of this comparative analysis - identify and compare actual performance between firms and sectors of the economy, identify companies that are engaged in gainful activity, have none of solvency problem, and assets have been managed effectively. To choose the best investment opportunities in this sector there have been market indicators identified and compared. The analysis shows the best – doing companies and reflects the situation of the whole sector in general. Using techniques - literature review and comparative analysis.

C.S. Lewis és un autor generalment interpretat dins un corrent platònic o neoplatònic tant pel que fa als seus textos narratius com als assagístics. El que planteja aquesta tesi és una altra presentació. És a dir, se li dóna la volta perquè aparegui en tant que aristotèlic. Hi ha molts elements per sostenir aquesta posició, i aquí s'analitzen amb una remissió contínua a textos d'Aristòtil i a la seva filosofia. Tanmateix, abans d'entrar en matèria hi ha una biografia esquemàtica de Lewis per posar en context el lector.Així, els quatre punts fonamentals de l'aristotelisme de Lewis són:1. L'assumpció de la doctrina de l'acte d'Aristòtil. Aquí la divisió és triple: l'acte com a moviment, l'acte com a forma i l'acte com a operació.2. La interpretació de l'acte com a acció política. Aquesta part té una divisió doble: el bé com a acte polític i la perversió de la ciència en un cientisme que desemboca en totalitarisme polític.3. L'acceptació del finalisme natural aristotèlic enfront de les doctrines materialistes. Es tracten les nocions de teleologisme, atzar, selecció natural i evolucionisme, entre d'altres.4. L'enfrontament amb el relativisme contemporani mitjançant l'aristotelisme. Aquí trobem tres punts: la moral objectiva enfront del relativisme moral, el relativisme epistemològic i la filosofia futura, i la recuperació de l'humanisme clàssic.Tot i així, no convé oblidar que hi ha elements platònics innegables en les obres de Lewis, i s'analitzen en un apèndix de quatre punts:1. Els elements estrictament narratius.2. La dimensió espiritual o quarta dimensió.3. La memòria i la reminiscència.4. Les quatre virtuts cardinals d'arrel platònica.Finalment, s'analitza la repercussió de Lewis al món actual, gairebé mig segle després de la seva mort, sota tres punts:1. Repercussió teològica. És la més estesa per motius religiosos.2. Repercussió literària. No és massa profunda, malauradament.3. Repercussió filosòfica i política. No ha estat gens analitzada, i d'aquí que s'hagi redactat un treball com aquest. / OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS"Presence of Aristotelian Philosophy in the Works of C.S. Lewis"TEXT:C.S. Lewis is an author generally interpreted in the Platonic or Neo-Platonic trends, both through his narrative texts and through his essays. What this thesis defends is another presentation, which is focusing on his Aristotelian points of view. There are many elements to sustain this position, and in this thesis they are analyzed with continuous reference to the texts of Aristotle and his philosophy. In case the reader is not aware about C.S. Lewis' life, there is a small biography at the beginning of the work.Later on, the four main divisions have been developed as follows:1. The Aristotelian doctrine of the act in the texts of C.S. Lewis. This chapter is divided in three parts: the act as movement; the act as shape; and the act as an operation.2. The interpretation of the act as political action. Here the division is double: the good as a political act, and the perversion of science in scientism which leads to totalitarianism.3. The acceptance of Aristotelian teleologism in front of materialistic views of natural systems.4. The clash of C.S. Lewis, with the help of Aristotelian philosophy, against the contemporary relativism.Furthermore, we can't forget that Lewis had a profound Platonic basis, which is briefly analyzed in four points:1. The elements which are strictly narrative.2. The spiritual dimension or fourth dimension.3. Memory and reminiscence.4. The cardinal virtues of Platonic origin.Finally, the conclusions are divided in three points:1. Theological repercussion of Lewis.2. Literary repercussion.3. Philosophical and political repercussion.

Title: Conditions for executing a q-fulfillment process from the warehouse of a retailer of consumables - Based on a case study at Staples. Context: Changing customer expectations, increasing GDP per capita and urbanization drives the development of quicker e-fulfillment. Research shows that customers are more likely to complete their purchase and buy more often if the retailer has fast delivery options, like same-day delivery. No literature was found describing how warehouse activities of e-commerce retailers should be adjusted to be able to deliver to the customer within an hour.  Purpose: The study aims to fill the identified research gap by establishing conditions for a retailer of consumables to execute a q-fulfillment process from a warehouse. Economic consequences of the established conditions are also aimed to be clarified. Lastly the study explores under which conditions the case company, Staples, can execute a q-fulfillment process in their automated warehouse. Questions at issue:  Under which conditions can an e-commerce retailer of consumables execute a q-fulfillment process in a warehouse?How are a retailer’s costs affected by applying the established conditions for executing a q-fulfillment process?Under which conditions can Staples execute a q-fulfillment process in their automated warehouse?Methodology: The study took an objective ontological approach, and epistemological and axiological assumptions were made. The research philosophy was positivistic, and a deductive approach was taken. The methodological choice was qualitative, and a case study was made together with the case company, Staples. All of these methodological choices esteemed by the authors as best suited for this explorative research. The sample selection was a mixture between a purposive and a convenience sampling, since it fitted the study, and the case company was located close to the authors. The theoretical chapters contain document secondary data, while the empirical chapters contain primary data in terms of one-to-one interviews. The data analysis consists of a circular flowchart and pattern matching to analyze the gathered data. The study achieved reliability since it was not affected by random deviations, and replicability because it was sufficiently detailed. It is valid since it was generalizable and the expected casual relationships among the variables were true. Ethical considerations were kept in mind throughout the entire study and the authors collaborated well.  Results: The authors found 20 conditions for a retailer of consumables to fulfill to be able to execute a q-fulfillment process, and 21 conditions for Staples to fulfill. Many similarities were found between the two research questions and only one condition differed. The authors also found that some of the conditions drive more costs than others and that the retailer by themselves has to decide which conditions are applicable to their individual process.  Keywords: E-commerce, Q-commerce, Quick-commerce, Quick order fulfillment, Q-fulfillment & Inventory management.

Accidents cause economic losses to the company as well as suffering and general discontent among the employees. With an increased global responsibility, companies are not only answerable for what goes on inside their own gates but also for retailers and customers. When the packaging becomes a danger, how will we know what to replace it with? At IMI Hydronic Engineering, employees hurt themselves on the metal staples that seal the cartons, but is replacing metal staples with plastic tape an economical and safely viable option? This thesis dives into the workplace environment and collects data from semi-structural interviews with the employees and an evaluation of internal accident records. The main focuses are safety and economics, although the economy aspect has had to stand back due to the lack of empirical data. The results show that the tools and systems in place to protect the employees, where applied, are working and the workers believe that their job could be executed with a lower risk, perhaps even without a loss of production. The suggestion to the company is that to fully understand the costs, a collection of data regarding the current costs is needed and that usage of gloves by the employees might help lower the number of accidents per year. Suggestions for further studies include ecological aspects, profit versus costs and product returns due to inadequate packaging.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, por um viés específico, The Pilgrim s Regress (1933), primeiro livro de ficção do escritor irlandês, C. S. Lewis (1898-1963). A obra é frequentemente relacionada à experiência de conversão do autor ao cristianismo, mas nessa pesquisa buscam-se por outras interpretações, para além da mera autobiografia alegórica. Pretende-se, portanto, demonstrar que Lewis escreve uma alegoria obscura inserido num importante debate, posterior à Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-18), sobre a natureza da linguagem. Neste caso, o autor apresenta, dentro da narrativa, ideias que circulavam nos meios acadêmicos de Oxford e Cambridge e que dificilmente são notadas pelo leitor desavisado. Um dos aspectos marcantes do pós-guerra foi exatamente a mudança que se operou na forma como as pessoas passaram a olhar para a linguagem. Apesar de não haver ainda uma mídia tão sofisticada quanto a existente na Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-45) – como o rádio ou a televisão – ainda assim, jornais, livros, panfletos, imagens e canções serviram aos propósitos propagandísticos durante a Primeira Guerra. Portanto, a ideia de um combate travado não apenas com armas, mas também por meio da linguagem, se tornou assente tanto para os que viveram naquele período quanto para os que se dedicaram a estudá-lo. Obviamente, ao perceberem-se os perigos da propaganda e do uso da linguagem como veículo do ideário de guerra, abre-se espaço para uma série de questionamentos quanto a objetividade da língua no contexto da informação e de obras literárias. / [en] The present study aims to analyze, from a specific standpoint, The Pilgrim s Regress (1933), first fiction book by the Irish writer C. S. Lewis (1898-1963). This work is often related to the author s conversion experience to Christianity, and this study aims further interpretations beyond mere allegorical autobiography. One of its objectives is to show how Lewis writes his obscure allegory within an important debate about the nature of language, after the World War I (1914-18). Then, the author presents, in his narrative, ideas which are commonly expressed inside scholarly discussions in Oxford and Cambridge and scarcely noted by the unwary reader. One of the most important post-war aspects was exactly the shift on how to understand language. Although there was no sophisticated media as the World War II s – television, or radio for instance – newspapers, books, pamphlets, images and songs were used to convey war propaganda, in the WWI. Therefore, the idea behind a combat fought not only with arms but also trough language took place among those who lived that period in time and who decided to study it. Certainly, many questions could be raised about language objectivity as source of reliable information and its use in the context of literature, when the underlying dangers of such way to handle language is exposed. In The Pilgrim’s Regress one could see the author positioning himself before this controversy about the nature of language, situated between WWI and WWII.