Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-19T10:48:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Nogueira Benetti.pdf: 858687 bytes, checksum: 4987e158a0496fbf988ca88a363a474b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T10:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Nogueira Benetti.pdf: 858687 bytes, checksum: 4987e158a0496fbf988ca88a363a474b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / The objective of this study was to show the importance of statistical analysis and Big Data for the development of sport, especially soccer and the results obtained by the German team (specifically, the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in Brazil). The work covered the emergence of statistics and the types of analyses most used to obtain results with Big Data, passing through their definition and contributions to the daily lives of the population and companies that have access to the internet and smartphones. It was also was mentioned which sports modalities use the data volume processing with statistical analysis as a contribution to improve training and games. Finally, it was discussed the importance of the use of Big Data gave the German soccer team in conquering the World Cup in Brazil, what motives moved this investment and what results were obtained with this partnership. All the work was developed according to the standardization of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT, in portuguese) / O objetivo de estudo desta pesquisa foi mostrar a importância das análises estatísticas e do Big Data para o desenvolvimento do esporte, principalmente do futebol e os resultados obtidos pela seleção alemã (especificamente, a conquista da Copa do Mundo FIFA, em 2014). O trabalho abordou o surgimento da estatística e os tipos de análises mais utilizadas para a obtenção de resultados com Big Data, passando por sua definição e contribuições para o cotidiano da população e das empresas que possuem acesso à internet e a smartphones. Também foi mencionado quais modalidades esportivas utilizam o processamento de volume de dados com análises estatísticas como contribuição para melhorar treinos e partidas. Por fim, foi discutida a importância do uso do Big Data deu a seleção alemã de futebol na conquista da Copa do Mundo no Brasil, quais motivos moveram este investimento e quais resultados foram obtidos com essa parceria. Todo o trabalho foi desenvolvido de acordo com a normatização da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT)

The symbolic regression problem is to find a function, in symbolic form, that fits a given data set. Symbolic regression provides a means for function identification. This research describes an adaptive hybrid system for symbolic function identification of thermo-physical model that combines the genetic programming and a modified Marquardt nonlinear regression algorithm. Genetic Programming (GP) system can extract knowledge from the data in the form of symbolic expressions, i.e. a tree structure, that are used to model and derive equation of state, mixing rules and phase behavior from the experimental data (properties estimation). During the automatic evolution process of GP, the function structure of generated individual module could be highly complicated. To ensure the convergence of the regression, a modified Marquardt regression algorithm is used. Two stop criteria are attached to the traditional Marquardt algorithm to enforce the algorithm repeat the regression process before it stops. Statistic analysis is applied to the fitted model. Residual plot is used to test the goodness of fit. The χ2-test is used to test the model's adequacy. Ten experiments are run with different form of input variables, number of data points, standard errors added to data set, and fitness functions. The results show that the system is able to find models and optimize for its parameters successfully.

Local thermodynamic models are practical alternatives to computationally expensive rigorous models that involve implicit computational procedures and often complement them to accelerate computation for real-time optimization and control. Human-centered strategies for development of these models are based on approximation of theoretical models. Genetic Programming (GP) system can extract knowledge from the given data in the form of symbolic expressions. This research describes a fully data driven automatic self-evolving algorithm that builds appropriate approximating formulae for local models using genetic programming. No a-priori information on the type of mixture (ideal/non ideal etc.) or assumptions are necessary. The approach involves synthesis of models for a given set of variables and mathematical operators that may relate them. The selection of variables is automated through principal component analysis and heuristics. For each candidate model, the model parameters are optimized in the inner integrated nested loop. The trade-off between accuracy and model complexity is addressed through incorporation of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) into the fitness (objective) function. Statistical tools including residual analysis are used to evaluate performance of models. Adjusted R-square is used to test model's accuracy, and F-test is used to test if the terms in the model are necessary. The analysis of the performance of the models generated with the data driven approach depicts theoretically expected range of compositional dependence of partition coefficients and limits of ideal gas as well as ideal solution behavior. Finally, the model built by GP integrated into a steady state and dynamic flow sheet simulator to show the benefits of using such models in simulation. The test systems were propane-propylene for ideal solutions and acetone-water for non-ideal. The result shows that, the generated models are accurate for the whole range of data and the performance is tunable. The generated local models can indeed be used as empirical models go beyond elimination of the local model updating procedures to further enhance the utility of the approach for deployment of real-time applications.

Abstract Due to the recent financial crisis, global economy downturn forces corporate to downsize, shut down unprofitable plants and layoff which have increased unemployment rate dramatically. Franchising creates a lot of employment opportunities as well as dream come true for many people who dream of becoming a boss. For those reasons, franchising operation model is one of the quickest ways to increase business scale and conquer market share in both Mainland China and Taiwan in a short time. In a value chain, a franchising system not only can increase economy of scale and operation efficiency through ship in/out logistic, production process, marketing, after sale service but also through supporting activities such as infrastructure, human resource, training, purchasing, research and development. However, how to survive or even stand out in such a competitive market, key successful factors plays a very important role. This research paper focuses on beverage franchising chain policy, aiming at understanding key factors which effect a franchisee to choose best fit franchiser and to understand beverage market trend in both mainland China and Taiwan. This research paper chooses a couple franchising policy factors among mainland China and Taiwan and uses analytical hierarchy process to understand franchisee¡¦s decision making process. The interviewees include industrial experts among mainland China and Taiwan, academic representatives and franchisees from both mainland China and Taiwan (9each). By having in depth discussion with each interviewee, qualitative and quantitative AHP survey data was collected for analysis in order to understand franchising industry development trend in mainland China and Taiwan. This research paper further understands the relationship between franchising key policies and future development trend in mainland China and Taiwan through collecting qualitative and quantitative AHP survey data at the same time. By comparing perception differences between the 3 types of interviewees through ANOVA analysis, a more specific proposal can be provided for franchisee, franchiser and related government department for reference. Keyword: Franchising, Chain, beverage market , human resource, analytical hierarchy process, AHP, ANOVA statistic analysis

Ce travail de thèse porte sur une meilleure compréhension de la croissance de nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc élaborées à partir d'une approche organométallique. Au cours de ce travail, une analyse de la taille des nanoparticules en utilisant un outil simple basée sur une représentation bidimentionnelle couplée à une analyse statistique multivariée. Elle permet d'extraire la corrélation éventuelle entre la longueur et la largeur des nanoparticules. Cette approche permet de traiter un ensemble de nanoparticules homogène ou hétérogène en taille et en forme. Comparée à l'approche statistique usuelle qui analyse individuellement la distribution de la longueur et celle de la largeur, notre démarche met très facilement en évidence les différents types de nanoparticule et leur anisotropie (ou non). Pour chaque classe de nano-objets considérée, la relation entre la longueur et la largeur, c'est-à-dire les corrélations fortes ou faible entre ces deux paramètres, fourni des informations concernant le(s) mécanisme(s) de nucléation-croissance des nanoparticules. Par exemple, cette approche permet de suivre l'effet sur la taille et la forme de nanoparticules préparées par différents procédés (chimiques ou physique). A partir de différentes images de microscopie électronique extraites de la bibliographie ou de nos travaux de recherche, nous avons démontré l'efficacité et la simplicité de cette approche. De plus, nous avons pu revisiter la synthèse organométallique de nanoparticules de ZnO à la lumière de cette nouvelle méthode de traitement des données. Les nanoparticules anisotropes obtenues par hydrolyse du dicyclohexyl zinc comme précurseur organométallique en présence d'alkyl amine uniquement ont donc été analysées. Le mécanisme de formation a été étudié par analyse systématique des images de microscopie électroniques à transmission et une croissance par attachement orienté a pu être mise en évidence. De plus, nous avons montré que la taille des nanabatonnets d'oxyde de zinc peut être facilement contrôlée en modulant la vitesse d'hydrolyse, le temps de maturation du mélange précurseur organométallique et ligand alkyl amine avant le début de l'hydrolyse, la nature du ligand et la quantité d'eau introduite. Enfin, pendant ce travail, nous avons observé la gélification des milieux réactionnels. L'étude de ce phénomène a permis de développer une approche originale permettant de mettre en forme des matériaux hybride organique-inorganiques. En effet, à partir d'un ensemble d'expériences utilisant la rhéologie, la RMN, la MET, des calculs théoriques, le WAXS ... nous avons pu mettre en évidence une réaction d'oligomérisation entre le précurseur organométallique et les ligands alkyl amine. Cette oligomérisation entre les centres métalliques conduit à la formation de gels, qui peuvent être mise en forme en utilisant des seringues, des tampons ou encore des moules. Des matériaux hybrides d'oxydes métalliques sont ensuite obtenus par hydrolyse du gel. Cette nouvelle approche a été développée pour l'oxyde de zinc puis a été étendue aux oxydes d'étain et de fer. Il s'agit donc d'une approche générale qui ouvre des perspectives intéressantes dans l'utilisation de ces matériaux notamment comme couches sensibles pour des capteurs de gaz. / This work is focused on the better understanding of the formation of zinc oxide anisotropic nanoparticle through an organometallic synthesis. To start on this project, the development of a statistical tool to analyze nanoparticle sizes and shapes was mandatory. A simple 2D plot with a multivariate statistical analysis is proposed in order to extract, in particular, the correlation between length and width in a collection or a mixture of anisotropic particles. Compared to the usual statistics on the length associated to a second and independent statistical analysis of the width, this simple plot easily points out the various types of nanoparticles and their (an)isotropy. For each class of nano-objects, the relationship between width and length (i.e. the strong or weak correlations between these two parameters) may suggest information concerning the nucleation-growth processes. It allows one to follow the effect on the shape and size distribution of physical or chemical processes such as simple ripening. Various electronic microscopy pictures from the literature or from our own syntheses are used as examples to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of such an analysis. Furthermore, following the organometallic approach, well defined crystalline zinc oxide nanorods are obtained through the hydrolysis reaction of dicyclohexyl zinc precursor without solvent in presence of primary fatty amine only. Their mechanism of formation is studied through a multivariate analysis of TEM results and an oriented attachment process is demonstrated. Taking advantage of this mechanism, the size of the ZnO nanorods can be easily adjusted tuned by controlling adjusting the hydrolysis rate, the aging time before hydrolysis, the nature of ligand, and/or the amount of water. During such experiments, a gelification of the chemical media are for the first time observed. This is the origin of the last part of our work, which put forward an original approach for outstanding processable and reshapable hybrid materials. Indeed, we unequivocally demonstrate through various complementary experiments (rheology, NMR, TEM, theoretical calculation, WAXS...) the formation of oligomeric structures in a mixture of fatty amine with organometallic compounds. This oligomerization reaction between the metallic centers induces the formation of a gel which can be processed into fibers, stamped patterns or molded pieces. Metal oxide hybrid materials are obtained merely by hydrolysis of the organometallic gel, which are furthermore liquid crystal. This unprecedented route towards easily processable hydrid and metal oxide materials is demonstrated for zinc oxide and extended to other metal oxides such as tin oxide and iron oxide, proving the universality of the method and paving the way, for example, to new sensitive gas sensors layers.

A possibilidade de utilização de várias matérias graxas na produção do biodiesel nacional é um fator diferencial em relação aos outros países e requer um conhecimento mais profundo das particularidades do biodiesel obtido a partir de matérias-primas tão distintas. Neste contexto, se insere a presente pesquisa, em que se buscou estabelecer correlações entre algumas propriedades do biodiesel e a fonte oleaginosa que lhe deu origem. O biodiesel foi obtido a partir da reação de transesterificação etílica de dez diferentes matérias-primas graxas (óleos refinados de soja, arroz, canola, girassol, milho, oliva, cyclus (mistura contendo óleos de canola, milho e girassol); óleos brutos de mamona e murumuru, além de resíduo de fritura), utilizando etanolato de potássio como agente catalítico, em um reator com sistema de refluxo a 70C durante uma hora. Após purificação, foram determinadas algumas propriedades do biodiesel (massa específica, viscosidade, índice de acidez e índice de iodo) e da matéria-prima (massa específica, viscosidade, índice de acidez, índice de iodo e composição) que lhe deu origem. Os resultados obtidos nas caracterizações geraram gráficos de correlações entre os diversos parâmetros e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método de correlações canônicas. Para todas as amostras de biodiesel, os valores obtidos nas caracterizações foram compatíveis com as especificações estabelecidas pela ANP para o produto, com exceção do biodiesel de murumuru (índice de acidez elevado e viscosidade baixa) e do biodiesel de mamona (viscosidade e massa específica elevadas). Os dados estatísticos demonstram altas correlações entre o biodiesel (massa específica (87,4%), viscosidade (98,5%) e índice de acidez (82,8%)) e as matérias-primas (massa específica (92,1%) e viscosidade (99,3%)). Além disso, existe uma grande correlação entre o índice de iodo (84,5%) do biodiesel e o índice de iodo (77,2%) e a massa molar dos ésteres na faixa de C16-C18 (MMTG) presentes na matéria-prima (89,1%). Estes resultados estatísticos ratificam as observações analíticas / National biodiesel production using any fatty substance and its availability puts Brazil in a distinct position in relation to others countries and requires a deep knowledge of the obtained biodiesel particularitities. The aim of this research is to establish correlations of some biodiesel properties and fatty raw materials. Biodiesel was obtained from the ethylic transesterification reaction of ten different fatty raw materials (waste frying oil; refined oils: soybean, rice, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, olive, cyclus (a mixture of rapeseed, corn and sunflower oils) and crude oils: mamona and murumuru), using potassium ethanolate as catalytic agent, in a reflux reactor system at 70C for one hour. After purification, some biodiesel physical-chemical properties and raw materials were determined. For all biodiesel samples, the obtained values were in agreement to the specifications established by ANP, except for biodiesel obtained from murumuru (high acid value and low viscosity) and from mamona (high viscosity and density). These data were also used in order to stablish graphical correlations of different parameters. Some of these correlations were confirmed by statistical method of canonical correlations analysis which demonstrate high correlations of the following properties: density (87.4%), viscosity (98.5%) and acid value (82.8%) of biodiesel, and density (92.1%) and viscosity (99.3%) of raw materials. Moreover, the results showed high correlations exist between the iodine value (84.5%) of biodiesel and the iodine value (77.2%) and the molar weight of esters in the C16-C18 range (MMTG) of the raw material (89.1%)

A possibilidade de utilização de várias matérias graxas na produção do biodiesel nacional é um fator diferencial em relação aos outros países e requer um conhecimento mais profundo das particularidades do biodiesel obtido a partir de matérias-primas tão distintas. Neste contexto, se insere a presente pesquisa, em que se buscou estabelecer correlações entre algumas propriedades do biodiesel e a fonte oleaginosa que lhe deu origem. O biodiesel foi obtido a partir da reação de transesterificação etílica de dez diferentes matérias-primas graxas (óleos refinados de soja, arroz, canola, girassol, milho, oliva, cyclus (mistura contendo óleos de canola, milho e girassol); óleos brutos de mamona e murumuru, além de resíduo de fritura), utilizando etanolato de potássio como agente catalítico, em um reator com sistema de refluxo a 70C durante uma hora. Após purificação, foram determinadas algumas propriedades do biodiesel (massa específica, viscosidade, índice de acidez e índice de iodo) e da matéria-prima (massa específica, viscosidade, índice de acidez, índice de iodo e composição) que lhe deu origem. Os resultados obtidos nas caracterizações geraram gráficos de correlações entre os diversos parâmetros e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método de correlações canônicas. Para todas as amostras de biodiesel, os valores obtidos nas caracterizações foram compatíveis com as especificações estabelecidas pela ANP para o produto, com exceção do biodiesel de murumuru (índice de acidez elevado e viscosidade baixa) e do biodiesel de mamona (viscosidade e massa específica elevadas). Os dados estatísticos demonstram altas correlações entre o biodiesel (massa específica (87,4%), viscosidade (98,5%) e índice de acidez (82,8%)) e as matérias-primas (massa específica (92,1%) e viscosidade (99,3%)). Além disso, existe uma grande correlação entre o índice de iodo (84,5%) do biodiesel e o índice de iodo (77,2%) e a massa molar dos ésteres na faixa de C16-C18 (MMTG) presentes na matéria-prima (89,1%). Estes resultados estatísticos ratificam as observações analíticas / National biodiesel production using any fatty substance and its availability puts Brazil in a distinct position in relation to others countries and requires a deep knowledge of the obtained biodiesel particularitities. The aim of this research is to establish correlations of some biodiesel properties and fatty raw materials. Biodiesel was obtained from the ethylic transesterification reaction of ten different fatty raw materials (waste frying oil; refined oils: soybean, rice, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, olive, cyclus (a mixture of rapeseed, corn and sunflower oils) and crude oils: mamona and murumuru), using potassium ethanolate as catalytic agent, in a reflux reactor system at 70C for one hour. After purification, some biodiesel physical-chemical properties and raw materials were determined. For all biodiesel samples, the obtained values were in agreement to the specifications established by ANP, except for biodiesel obtained from murumuru (high acid value and low viscosity) and from mamona (high viscosity and density). These data were also used in order to stablish graphical correlations of different parameters. Some of these correlations were confirmed by statistical method of canonical correlations analysis which demonstrate high correlations of the following properties: density (87.4%), viscosity (98.5%) and acid value (82.8%) of biodiesel, and density (92.1%) and viscosity (99.3%) of raw materials. Moreover, the results showed high correlations exist between the iodine value (84.5%) of biodiesel and the iodine value (77.2%) and the molar weight of esters in the C16-C18 range (MMTG) of the raw material (89.1%)

O requisito da Informática na Arquitetura, em face da ausência de definição desse termo nas legislações pertinentes, motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi analisar o ensino das disciplinas de Informática Aplicada à Arquitetura nos cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o levantamento de campo para verificar como os cursos brasileiros de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo interpretam o termo ao ofertar as disciplinas de conteúdo identificado como sendo de Informática Aplicada, que foi inserida pela Portaria MEC nº 1.770/1994, uma vez que as instituições de ensino superior (IES) possuem autonomia e flexibilidade para estruturar as diretrizes curriculares de seus projetos pedagógicos. As IES e seus respectivos cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo foram obtidos no sistema e-MEC do Ministério da Educação. O universo desta pesquisa, as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada foram pesquisadas nos sítios eletrônicos de cada IES. Com o intuito de conhecer o perfil dos professores para ministrar as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada foi utilizado um aplicativo de Questionário on-line aos mesmos. Os currículos de cada um dos que responderam ao questionário foram analisados na plataforma Lattes. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram as diversas nomenclaturas para a disciplina Informática Aplicada e conteúdos diferentes para a mesma denominação em vários cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Analisando-se as ementas, o predomínio foi a utilização de aplicativos CAD 2D e CAD 3D. A disciplina Geoprocessamento já é oferecida em diversos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A tendência é a introdução da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM). A maioria dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo oferecem duas disciplinas de Informática Aplicada, no entanto chegam a ser ministradas de três a quinze disciplinas por curso. A cargahorária de sessenta horas por semestre predominou nos cursos pesquisados. A ocorrência maior de disciplinas de Informática Aplicada ministradas foi no 3º e 4º semestres. A amostra identificou que a maioria dos professores que responderam ao questionário obteve conhecimentos de informática na graduação e buscaram formas para ministrar as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada com cursos de complementação em informática e em programas de pós-graduação, Stricto Sensu e Lato Sensu. Os resultados de estudos anteriores no tema permitiram avançar e ampliar a análise de vários elementos. Durante o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa houve necessidade da criação de um banco de dados para o processamento e tabulação das informações, relacionando as entidades pesquisadas (Professores, cursos, IES e disciplinas de Informática Aplicada). Uma sugestão de modelagem visando à continuidade da pesquisa no assunto foi incluída no Apêndice J. A formação acadêmica dos futuros profissionais arquitetos e urbanistas, referente aos conhecimentos das novas tecnologias, exige das instituições de ensino superior um esforço constante de atualização de seus professores para os desafios de inserir seus estudantes no mercado de trabalho. / The lack of a definition about the meaning of Information Technology (IT) applied to Architecture and Urbanism in the existing legislation was the motivation towards the development of this research. The goal was to analyze the teaching of Applied IT on undergraduate courses in Architecture and Urbanism. The adopted research methodology, consisted of field surveys to verify how the Brazilian undergraduate courses in Architecture and Urbanism interpret this term when offering disciplines, whose content is identified as Applied IT in correspondence with Ordinance nº 1.770/1994 issued by the Ministry of Education - MEC. This regulation brought flexibility to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to exert autonomy and slight flexibility in structuring the curriculum guidelines of their own educational projects. HEIs and their undergraduate courses related to Architecture and Urbanism were drawn from the e-MEC system. The universe of this study, IT applied to Architecture an Urbanism disciplines and contents, was drawn from each HEI\'s Website. In order to know the profile of the teachers responsible for the disciplines of Applied IT, an online questionnaire was submitted to them. Résumés of each of the teachers who responded to the questionnaire were downloaded from the Lattes Website. The survey reveals the various nomenclatures given to disciplines related to Applied IT and different contents for the same designation in several courses of Architecture and Urbanism. Analysis of course contents reveals the prevalence of 2D and 3D CAD. GIS is already offered in several Architecture and Urbanism courses. The trend is towards the introduction of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Most courses offer two Applied IT disciplines, however there are courses offering three or more, up to fifteen disciplines. Sixty class hours is prevalent for Applied IT disciplines. Applied IT disciplines are typically on the 3rd and 4th course semesters. The sample identified that the majority of Applied IT teachers who responded to the questionnaire acquired computer skills in undergraduate and sought ways to learn about Applied Computer Science through open courses and postgraduate programs. Results of previous studies on this theme, served as a basis to advance and expand the analysis of various factors. During this research the author felt the need for creating a database for querying and presentation of surveyed data (teachers, courses, HEIs and Applied IT disciplines). A suggested model of such database for future studies is presented in Appendix J. The academic preparation of future architect professionals regarding new technologies should require a constant effort from HEIs in updating their educators.

O requisito da Informática na Arquitetura, em face da ausência de definição desse termo nas legislações pertinentes, motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi analisar o ensino das disciplinas de Informática Aplicada à Arquitetura nos cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o levantamento de campo para verificar como os cursos brasileiros de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo interpretam o termo ao ofertar as disciplinas de conteúdo identificado como sendo de Informática Aplicada, que foi inserida pela Portaria MEC nº 1.770/1994, uma vez que as instituições de ensino superior (IES) possuem autonomia e flexibilidade para estruturar as diretrizes curriculares de seus projetos pedagógicos. As IES e seus respectivos cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo foram obtidos no sistema e-MEC do Ministério da Educação. O universo desta pesquisa, as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada foram pesquisadas nos sítios eletrônicos de cada IES. Com o intuito de conhecer o perfil dos professores para ministrar as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada foi utilizado um aplicativo de Questionário on-line aos mesmos. Os currículos de cada um dos que responderam ao questionário foram analisados na plataforma Lattes. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram as diversas nomenclaturas para a disciplina Informática Aplicada e conteúdos diferentes para a mesma denominação em vários cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Analisando-se as ementas, o predomínio foi a utilização de aplicativos CAD 2D e CAD 3D. A disciplina Geoprocessamento já é oferecida em diversos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A tendência é a introdução da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM). A maioria dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo oferecem duas disciplinas de Informática Aplicada, no entanto chegam a ser ministradas de três a quinze disciplinas por curso. A cargahorária de sessenta horas por semestre predominou nos cursos pesquisados. A ocorrência maior de disciplinas de Informática Aplicada ministradas foi no 3º e 4º semestres. A amostra identificou que a maioria dos professores que responderam ao questionário obteve conhecimentos de informática na graduação e buscaram formas para ministrar as disciplinas de Informática Aplicada com cursos de complementação em informática e em programas de pós-graduação, Stricto Sensu e Lato Sensu. Os resultados de estudos anteriores no tema permitiram avançar e ampliar a análise de vários elementos. Durante o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa houve necessidade da criação de um banco de dados para o processamento e tabulação das informações, relacionando as entidades pesquisadas (Professores, cursos, IES e disciplinas de Informática Aplicada). Uma sugestão de modelagem visando à continuidade da pesquisa no assunto foi incluída no Apêndice J. A formação acadêmica dos futuros profissionais arquitetos e urbanistas, referente aos conhecimentos das novas tecnologias, exige das instituições de ensino superior um esforço constante de atualização de seus professores para os desafios de inserir seus estudantes no mercado de trabalho. / The lack of a definition about the meaning of Information Technology (IT) applied to Architecture and Urbanism in the existing legislation was the motivation towards the development of this research. The goal was to analyze the teaching of Applied IT on undergraduate courses in Architecture and Urbanism. The adopted research methodology, consisted of field surveys to verify how the Brazilian undergraduate courses in Architecture and Urbanism interpret this term when offering disciplines, whose content is identified as Applied IT in correspondence with Ordinance nº 1.770/1994 issued by the Ministry of Education - MEC. This regulation brought flexibility to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to exert autonomy and slight flexibility in structuring the curriculum guidelines of their own educational projects. HEIs and their undergraduate courses related to Architecture and Urbanism were drawn from the e-MEC system. The universe of this study, IT applied to Architecture an Urbanism disciplines and contents, was drawn from each HEI\'s Website. In order to know the profile of the teachers responsible for the disciplines of Applied IT, an online questionnaire was submitted to them. Résumés of each of the teachers who responded to the questionnaire were downloaded from the Lattes Website. The survey reveals the various nomenclatures given to disciplines related to Applied IT and different contents for the same designation in several courses of Architecture and Urbanism. Analysis of course contents reveals the prevalence of 2D and 3D CAD. GIS is already offered in several Architecture and Urbanism courses. The trend is towards the introduction of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Most courses offer two Applied IT disciplines, however there are courses offering three or more, up to fifteen disciplines. Sixty class hours is prevalent for Applied IT disciplines. Applied IT disciplines are typically on the 3rd and 4th course semesters. The sample identified that the majority of Applied IT teachers who responded to the questionnaire acquired computer skills in undergraduate and sought ways to learn about Applied Computer Science through open courses and postgraduate programs. Results of previous studies on this theme, served as a basis to advance and expand the analysis of various factors. During this research the author felt the need for creating a database for querying and presentation of surveyed data (teachers, courses, HEIs and Applied IT disciplines). A suggested model of such database for future studies is presented in Appendix J. The academic preparation of future architect professionals regarding new technologies should require a constant effort from HEIs in updating their educators.

Les progrès récents en sciences de la terre font de plus en plus de données multidisciplinaires disponibles pour l'exploration minière. Cela a permis le développement de méthodologies de calculer la prédictivité pour les zones aurifères basées sur des analyses statistiques des différents paramètres. L‘utilisation de nouveaux logiciels développés, la distribution spatiale et la topologie des polygones (e.g. intrusions granitiques) et des polylignes (e.g. zones de cisaillement) sont contrôlées par les paramètres définis par les utilisateurs (par exemple, la densité, la longueur, la surface, etc.). La distance des gisements d'or par rapport à polygones ou polylignes est calculée en utilisant une fonction de probabilité distribution. Les analyses statistiques des résultats de la modélisation montrent que i) les valeurs de la moyenne à la surface relative des polygones, la moyenne de longueur relative de polylignes, le nombre d'objets et leur regroupement sont essentiels à des évaluations statistiques ; ii) tester la validité des différents méthodes d'inversion dépend de l‘importance relative sur la corrélation entre les paramètres utilisés; et iii) la robustesse des points d'intérêt de distribution est de déduire des lois à l'égard de la qualité des données d'entrée. Cette approche a été appliquée aux données géologiques et géophysiques de l‘Yenissei Ridge d‘une surface totale de 75730 km2 pour cartographier la prédictivité de 29 nouvelles zones aurifères correspondant à une surface de 1811 km2. La méthode développée dans cette étude permet de réduire jusqu'à quatre fois de la superficie considérée comme des zones aurifères par des études précédentes. Pour la construction la plus précise des zones aurifères un modèle 3D de densité de l‘Yenissei Ridge a été construit. Ce modèle est basé sur les données de surface, gravimétriques et aéromagnétiques (grilles numérique de 1x1km2), profils sismiques et magnétotelluriques de "Batholite" et "Shpate". Ce modèle 3D de densité montre que: a) l‘Yenissei Ridge a une structure de couverture pliée, résultant d'un événement de la collision néoprotérozoïque ; b) γNPta granites Tatarsky-Ayhta et zones de cisaillement sont des seuls objets qui présente des relations spatiales avec la minéralisation aurifère. / Recent progresses in geosciences make more and more multidisciplinary data available for mining exploration. This allows developing methodologies to compute predictivity for gold zones by the statistical analysis of variable input parameters. Using newly developed software, the spatial distribution and the topology of polygons (e.g. intrusions) and polylines (e.g. shear zones) are controlled by parameters defined by users (e.g. density, length, surface, etc.). The distance of points of interest (gold deposits) with respect to a given type of objects (polygons or polylines) is given using a probability distribution function. The statistical analyses of output results from the direct modeling process show that i) values of relative surface mean of polygons, relative length mean of polylines, the number of objects and their clustering are critical to statistical appraisals, ii) the validity of the different tested inversion methods strongly depends on the relative importance and on the dependency between the parameters used, and iii) the robustness of the inferred distribution points of interest laws with respect to the quality of the input data. This approach was applied to the geological and geophysical data of the Yenissei ridge of the total area of 75730 km2 for the predictivity mapping of 29 new gold zones with the total area of 1811 km2. The newly developed method allows reducing up to four times of the area of predictivity gold zones, compared with previous studies. For more accurate construction of gold zones, a 3D density model of the Yenisei ridge was constructed. This model is based on surface gravity and aeromagnetic data (numerical grids of 1x1km), ―Batholite‖ and ―Shpate‖ seismic and magnetotelluric profiles, respectively. The 3D density model shows that: a) the Yenissei ridge has a cover-folded structure, formed during a Neopretorozoic collisional event, b) only γNPta Tatarsky-Ayhta granites and shear zones have spatial relationships with gold mineralization.