The diploma thesis is focused on a design and appraisal of a steel load bearing construction of footbridge. The footbridge builds a new bridge across the river Ostravice in Sviadnov at Frýdek-Místek. The main subject of the diploma thesis was preparation of three variants for the footbridge. All variants were evaluated and the best one was elaborated in depth. It is a footbridge with a total span of 57 metres with a load bearing construction created two arches bent down to each orther. There is an orthotropic bridge deck with main outer lenghthways girders on the arches.

Having a newborn can be a big change for families, especially for first-time parents. At hospital discharge, parents are often provided with a lot of information, which can be difficult to retain. Due to shortened postnatal lengths of stay, nurses typically have less time to educate parents, which often results in families feeling overwhelmed. After hospital discharge, it is recommended for families to see a health care provider (i.e., physician, nurse practitioner, or registered midwife) within 72 hours for a follow-up appointment. This follow-up appointment is meant to assess both the mother and newborn to ensure they are both in good health and to provide any needed support. Unfortunately, completing the appointment within this timeframe may not be possible for every family or they may not be aware of its importance. Depending on the family’s model of care, completing the follow-up appointment within 72 hours after hospital discharge can be challenging. Families that have a physician as their health care provider may experience delays in scheduling the follow-up appointment. This can be due to the physician’s lack of availability, as there is a physician shortage in most communities. Furthermore, some families do not have access to a health care provider and, therefore, do not see a care provider after hospital discharge. Completing the follow-up appointment later than when it is recommended, or not at all, can result in negative health consequences for the mother and newborn and can also increase re-admission hospital rates and related costs (Cargill et al., 2007). At the moment, postnatal lengths of stay are shortening but the service delivery has not changed to accommodate this trend (Lemyre et al., 2018). This means that the services typically provided to families in the hospital now need to be provided in the community. The follow-up appointment after hospital discharge is an opportunity to provide these services; however, timely access to a health care provider, specifically a physician, can be challenging. Thus, this thesis explores the development of a general design methodology for a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic. The aim of the clinic is to provide timely access to any family that needs to complete the necessary postpartum services after hospital discharge within a community. An analytical model was developed to explore the characteristics of a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic and how it would operate (i.e., what services would be offered, the amount of time needed for these services, what is needed to offer these services, etc.). The model conducts a simulation of the appointment scheduling process based on the input values entered into it and evaluates a number of performance metrics (e.g., number of diversions, patient wait times, resource idle time, clinic overtime, number of appointments provided within 72 hours and number of appointments provided beyond 72 hours). The findings from the model can support the potential implementation of a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic in any community. Implementing such clinics could increase awareness, further educate parents and increase access to postpartum services.

Schnellläuferstrategien sind Lagerstrategien, welche den Durchsatz von Lagern durch geeignete Wahl der Lagerorte im Lager steigern. Die verschiedenen existierenden Strategien wurden bisher uneinheitlich beschrieben und umgesetzt. Aussagen zu Durchsatzsteigerungen fallen schwer. Die existierenden Strategien werden systematisiert und als Vergleichsbasis für die neue Strategie "Dynamische Zonierung" herangezogen. Die "Dynamische Zonierung" ist dabei sowohl die einfachste als auch die leistungsfähigste Schnellläuferstrategie. Dafür sorgt die konsequente Anwendung zweier Verfahren, welche bereits einzeln sinnvoll sind, aber erst gemeinsam ihr volles Potential entfalten: Erstens erübrigt die Abbildung der Verweildauerverteilung auf die Fahrzeitverteilung jegliche Zonierung. Damit entfallen die Aufwände für Planung und Berechnung von Zonengrenzen und -zuordnungen. Gleichzeitig kann so die bei Zonenbildung unvermeidliche Abbildungsunschärfe beseitigt werden. Eine von einer optimalen Zuordnung abweichende Lagerortwahl resultiert nun ausschließlich aus Prognosefehlern. Zweites stellt die lagereinheitsbasierte Verweildauerbetrachtung die korrekte Umsetzung des als optimal nachgewiesenen Cube-Per-Order-Kriteriums dar. Ohne Zwang zur Zonenbildung fehlen die der Verwendung lagereinheitsbasierter Verweildauern sonst entgegenstehenden algorithmischen Mehraufwände. Dass auch die Prognose lagereinheitsbasierter Verweildauern für Teile des Sortimentes nicht zu Mehraufwand sondern zur Vereinfachung des Verfahrens führt, spricht zusätzlich für die lagereinheitsbasierte Betrachtung. Auch bei herkömmlicher artikelorientierter Betrachtungsweise kann die Dynamische Zonierung dadurch Leistungsvorteile herausarbeiten. / Turnover-based storage strategies are strategies in warehousing which increase the system throughput by choosing favorable storage locations. Existing strategies have been described and implemented inconsistently when compared to each other. Statements on strategy gains are difficult. Therefore a categorization of turnover-based strategies is devised. The existing strategies serve as basis of comparison for the new strategy "Dynamic Zoning". "Dynamic Zoning" proves to be the simplest turnover-based strategy while giving the highest performance at the same time. This is accomplished by combining two methods. These methods are reasonable when used separately, but only reach their full potential when used together. First, mapping the dwell time (duration of stay) probability distribution to the travel time probability distribution lets zones become obsolete. Efforts to plan and calculate zones can be avoided and the inevitable imprecision when mapping to zones vanishes. Any deviation from the optimal storage location now results from errors in estimation. Second, dwell times must be based on unit loads which is the correct application of the cube-per-order-criterion for optimality. Without the need to use zones this does not result in extra effort to apply the strategy. For a part of the assortment the estimation of unit load dwell times is simpler than before too, making unit load dwell times even more appealing. However, even when using conventional article based dwell time estimates the strategy "Dynamic Zoning" results in higher performance than other strategies.

Title: Virtual Reality in Comprehensive Rehabilitation of People with Spinal Cord Injury Objectives: The main aim of this work was to find out how the virtual reality in comprehensive rehabilitation affects individuals with spinal cord injury who took part in social rehabilitation stay at Centrum Paraple, o.p.s. The research was focused on the awareness of virtual reality, probands' subjective reactions to therapeutic video, and comparison of these reactions between individuals with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury. Furthermore, potential interest in this form of therapy within the future comprehensive rehabilitation of probands was investigated. Methods: Twenty seven probands in the 18-70 age range, with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury took part in the quantitative research. During their social rehabilitation stay at Centrum Paraple, o.p.s., probands were shown three and half minute long therapeutic video through VR headset. Probands completed an input and output questionnaire. The input questionnaire mapped previous experience with virtual reality and inquired about probands' interest to try out virtual reality during social rehabilitation stay. The output questionnaire focused on subjective evaluation of perceptions and feelings as well as closer information about probands....

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Bakgrund: Då globalisering och teknikutveckling kan medföra utmaningar,  bör organisationer dra nytta av medarbetarnas kompetenser i största möjliga mån. Det har skett ett skifte där byråkratiska organisationer i allt större utsträckning ersätts av mer kunskapsintensiva organisationer (Kärreman m.fl. 2002). Dessa kunskapsföretag kännetecknas av komplex problemlösning (ne.se) och framträdande i företagen är att kunskap utgör det främsta konkurrensmedlet (Forslund, 2013). Det har därför blivit viktigare att rekrytera rätt men också behålla relevant kompetens inom företaget. Det är tidigare känt att en medarbetares avgång innebär ökade kostnader i form av både rekrytering och upplärning (Fisher och Gitelson 1983; Grey et al 2000).  För att mäta hur stor del av kompetensen som försvinner ur organisationen används nyckeltalet personalomsättning. Nyckeltalet avslöjar dock inte varför medarbetarna slutar sin anställning och frågor många ledare inom organisationer ställer sig blir hur de kan behålla personalen, få dem att känna sig delaktiga,  trivas på arbetsplatsen och hjälpa dem att utvecklas (Bass 2006). När det gäller avsikten att stanna inom företaget har flera studier fokuserat på arbetsnöjdhet (Ravari A, Bazargan-Hejazi, Ebadi, et al. i Yarbrough & Pam et al; Ladd och Marshall 2004). Cho et al. (2009) drar slutsatsen att ett engagemang i organisationen minskar medarbetarnas avsikt att lämna organisationen (Cho et al. 2009). En metod för att ta till vara på befintlig kunskap i organisationen är att göra medarbetarna delaktiga i beslutsfattandet (Connel 1998). Ledare inom organisationer bör därför beakta vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att påverka medarbetarna att uppfatta sitt värde samt att ledningen bryr sig om de anställda (Cho et al. 2009). Likaså menar Allen et al. (2003) att organisationer, som genom formella rutiner, uppmuntrar delaktighet i beslutsprocessen även måste följa upp medarbetarnas förslag som en bekräftelse på att deras kunskap är av betydelse. Cho et al. (2009) har studerat avsikten att både stanna och lämna organisationen utifrån tre faktorer, dessa är upplevt stöd från organisationen, upplevt stöd från chefen samt upplevt engagemang i organisationen. Vår ambition med denna studie var att komplettera deras synsätt med att studera om dels deltagande i beslutsprocessen men även arbetsnöjdheten är faktorer som påverkar att medarbetarna stannar inom ett kunskapsföretag. Vi vill även studera hur bristen av delaktighet i beslutsfattandet kan påverka att medarbetare avslutar sin anställning. Syfte: Från ett medarbetarperspektiv ämnar denna studie att analysera och undersöka hur medarbetarnas upplevda delaktighet i beslutsprocesser samt arbetsnöjdhet påverkar viljan att stanna inom ett företag. Metod: Eftersom uppsatsen syftar till att analysera människors uppfattningar om ett fenomen har studien en fenomenografisk metodansats. För att inrymma respondenternas olika synvinklar genomfördes intervjuer, baserade på halvstrukturerade, tematiska intervjufrågor. Vår teoretiska referensram syftar ge en överblick över området medarbetares avsikt att stanna samt lämna företaget. Efter vår granskning av vetenskapliga publikationer och artiklar, ger avsnittet även en omfattande insikt i de teoretiska begreppen delaktighet i beslutsprocessen och arbetsnöjdhet. Vi har sedan arbetat deduktivt och teorierna ligger vidare till grund för uppsatsens analysmodell som ska beprövas. Studien har dessutom analyserat och uppmärksammat likheter samt skillnader mellan våra studieobjekt och har därigenom fått en komparativ karaktär. Slutsatser: Sammantaget lyfter medarbetarna upp att delaktighet är viktigt, i synnerhet möjlighet att påverka och att vara en del av företaget Förhållandet mellan deltagande i beslutsfattande och arbetsnöjdhet ser respondenterna som något positivt och viktigt Otydlighet och brist på struktur har förekommit på företagen som våra respondenter hade lämnat Otydlig rollfördelning såsom rollkonflikt, rollöverbelastning och rolltvetydighet är faktorer som i sin tur påverkat både arbetsnöjdhet men också i förlängningen avsikten att lämna företaget Fenomenet arbetsnöjdhet är ganska brett och vi har kommit fram till att vår teoretiska modell inte varit komplett. Vi anser att det behövs en bredare teori och begreppsapparat / Background: Increasingly, traditional bureaucratic, and hierarchical organizations, are being replaced by a new type of company, called knowledge companies. These companies are more characterized by complex problem solving (Kärreman; ne.se) and for what is prominent as the main competitive subject are no longer machines, real estate or money, it is the knowledge among employees (Forslund, 2013). In order to meet the challenges of globalization and new technologies, modern organizations should maximize the use of the knowledge within the often-well-educated workforce. It is therefore even more important, not only to recruit, but also to maintain the right competence within the company. A method to incorporate existing knowledge in the organization is by incorporating the employees into the decision-making process inthe company (Connel 1998). If an employee leaves the organization, it will lead to increased costs in the terms of both recruitment and training (Fisher and Gitelson 1983; Grey et al 2000). There are different ratios to calculate that, for example, the measure of employee turnover. Since employee turnover does not explain the reasons of why employees leave their jobs, the measurement cannot be viewed as complete. An important question, many leaders in the organizations are asking, is how to retain their employees, make them thrive, and help them develop (Bass 2006). In the terms of employees’ intention to stay within company, several past studies have focused on job satisfaction (Ravari et al. in Yarbrough & Pam et al; Ladd and Marshall 2004). Cho et al. (2009) on the other hand, concludes that it is the commitment of the organization that reduces the employee's intention to leave the organization (Cho et al. 2009). Leaders within the organizations, should therefore aim to influence employees to develop a mindset in which the employee understands their value within the organization, and sees, that the management cares about theirworkers. Similarly, Allen et al. (2003) argues that if the organization encourage participation in decision-making processes, they also need to acknowledge the employees'. Cho et al. (2009) has studied the intention to both stay, and to leave the organization, based on three factors: perceived organizational support, perceived support from the management, and perceived involvement in the organization. Our ambition with this study, is to supplement their approach, and study whether participation in the decision-making process, and job satisfaction are factors, that influences the employees to stay within a knowledge-based company. We also want to study, how the lack of participation in decision-making and job satisfaction may affect the employee’s intent to resign. Purpose of the study: This study intends to analyze and examine how employees ' perceived participation, in decision-making processes, and job satisfaction affect the willingness to stay within an organization. Method: To achieve the purpose of the study, we have used a qualitative method of research. The essay aims to analyze people's perceptions of a phenomenon; therefore, this study will have a phenomenological approach. The theories and previous research presented, aims to give an overview of employees' intention to stay or leave the company, and a more comprehensive understanding of the theoretical concepts, of participation in decision-making, and job satisfaction, based on the examination of scientific publications, and articles. From these theories, we have both developed a frame of reference and a theoretical model. This has helped us to comprehend how, and what to target, in the collection of data for the study. The study compares the intent to stay from three perspectives, and our respondents for the interviews, consisted of employees who still work within an organization, employees who have departed with the organization, and the HR point of view of the organization. Since we have three perspectives, the phenomenologicaldata analysis will be combined with a comparative analyze. Conclusions: Overall, employees underline the importance of participation, in particular the possibility of influencing and being a part of the company. Our respondents perceived the relationship between participation in decision-making, and job satisfaction as positive and important Many of our respondents who had left their employment, distinguished between the notion of ambiguity, and lack of structure of their past organizations Skill significance burst in contrast to what the respondents needed Unclear roles such as role conflict, role overload and role ambiguity, are factors that in turn affect both job satisfaction, but also the intent to leave the company. The phenomenon of job satisfaction is quite comprehensive, which conclude that our theoretical model is not complete. We believe, that a broader theoretical aspect and conceptual apparatus, is needed to understand the concept of intent to stay within an organization.

El objetivo de la investigación es explicar la influencia del diseño de interfaz que las páginas web de medios informativos como El Comercio, La República y RPP tienen sobre su público objetivo, personas entre 25 y 44 años. La propuesta que se presenta a continuación pretende resolver la falta de conocimiento sobre los incentivos visuales en el público objetivo determinado por los mismos medios informativos estudiados. Por otro lado, la hipótesis de esta investigación fue que los incentivos visuales tales como el color, la tipografía, el diseño de botones y la imagen son empleados de manera estratégica en el diseño de las páginas web seleccionadas para provocar que los usuarios permanezcan en sus plataformas. Para estudiar esto, se analizaron los medios informativos seleccionados mediante una ficha de análisis de contenido, encuestas al grupo etario elegido y entrevistas a expertos. El resultado principal es que el diseño de información es lo que toma mayor relevancia cuando se quiere lograr permanencia en una página web informativa. En conclusión, la forma en que se estudia a las páginas web actuales ha cambiado en los últimos años. Antes se solía utilizar estímulos visuales sobrecargados para atraer usuarios y generar tráfico, sin embargo, actualmente se implementan páginas con menor cantidad de elementos posibles para facilitar la búsqueda de contenido, lo cual está relacionado con la permanencia de un usuario. / The objective of the research is to explain the influence of the interface design that the websites of news media such as El Comercio, La República and RPP have on their target audience, people between 25 and 44 years old. The proposal presented below aims to resolve the lack of knowledge about visual incentives in the target audience determined by the same news media studied. On the other hand, the hypothesis of this research was that visual incentives such as color, typography, button design and image are used strategically in the design of the selected web pages to cause users to remain in their platforms. To study this, the selected news media were analyzed using a content analysis sheet, surveys of the chosen age group and interviews with experts. The main result is that the information design is what is most relevant when you want to achieve permanence in an informative web page. In conclusion, the way in which current web pages are studied has changed in recent years. Before, it was used to use overloaded visual stimuli to attract users and generate traffic, however, nowadays, pages with the least amount of possible elements are implemented to facilitate the search for content, which is related to the permanence of a user. / Trabajo de investigación

Essential hypertension (HTN) has been and continues to be a serious public health problem across the globe, particularly among Black races, with an estimated morbidity rate of over 1 billion people and an estimated mortality rate of 9.4 million people worldwide. Essential HTN can lead to a host of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, myocardial infarction, brain damage, kidney failure, and retinopathy. The main purpose of this quantitative, descriptive, nonexperimental study was to investigate the association of physical inactivity, length of stay in the United States, immigrants' health status, and food security as risk indicators in the development of essential HTN among African-born immigrants after accounting for age and education. The conceptual framework for this study was the socioecological model of health (SEMH). A secondary dataset from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), for the year 2014, was used for this study, including data for Africa-born immigrants over the age of 40 who participated in the survey. Logistic regression was used for statistical analyses. The results of the study revealed that length of stay or years in spent in the United States have a significant association with the development of essential HTN. Results from this study could be used to promote positive social change by identifying and assessing challenges in implementing intervention programs meant to assist in controlling essential HTN among African-born immigrants and Black populations who are disproportionately affected by this condition.

La chirurgie est le traitement principal du cancer colorectal (CCR). Une durée d'hospitalisation prolongée peut augmenter le risque de complications et d'inactivité physique, entraînant un déclin de la fonction physique. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si la celle-ci peut prédire l’hospitalisation prolongée chez les patients atteints de CCR. Un total de 459 patients provenant de 7 cohortes a été analysé. Une régression logistique a été utilisée pour déterminer le risque d'hospitalisation prolongée (>3 jours) et une courbe ROC a été tracée pour établir la sensibilité/spécificité. Les variables sélectionnées comprenaient l'âge, le sexe, l'IMC, la présence de comorbidités, le statut ASA, le site tumoral, l'approche chirurgicale, la force de préhension, le test Timed-Up and Go, le test assis-debout de 30 secondes, le test de flexion des coudes de 30 secondes, le test de marche de 6 minutes (6MWT), le questionnaire CHAMPS et le SF-36. Les résultats démontrent que les patients atteints d'une tumeur rectale ont un risque 2,7 fois plus élevé d'appartenir au groupe d'hospitalisation prolongée que ceux atteints d'une tumeur du côlon (O.R. 2,7 ; C.I. 1,3-5,7, p=0,01). Pour chaque augmentation de 20 mètres dans le 6MWT, il y a une diminution de 9% du risque d'être dans le groupe d'hospitalisation prolongée (C.I. 1.03-1.17, p=0.00). Un seuil de 431 m peut prédire 70% des patients dans le groupe d'hospitalisation prolongée (AUC 0,71, C.I. 0,63-0,78, p=0,00). L'utilisation du 6MWT comme outil de dépistage de l'hospitalisation prolongée devrait être intégrée dans le parcours chirurgical préopératoire. / Surgery is the primary treatment for colorectal cancer. A prolonged Length of Stay (pLOS) can increase risk of complications and physical inactivity, leading to a decline in physical function. While promising results were seen from preoperative exercise training and post-operative functional recovery, the predictive potential of preoperative physical function has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study is to determine if preoperative physical function can predict pLOS in patients with for colorectal cancer. A total of 459 patients from 7 cohorts were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine risk of pLOS (>3 days), and ROC curve was plotted to establish sensitivity/specificity. Selected variables included age, sex, BMI, comorbidity, ASA status, tumor site, surgical approach, handgrip strength, Timed-Up and Go, 30-second Sit-to-Stand, 30-second Arm Curl Test, 6-Minute-Walking Test (6MWT), CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adult and 36-Item Short Form Survey. The results showed that patients with rectal tumor are 2.7x more at risk to be in the pLOS group compared to those with colon tumor (O.R. 2.7; C.I. 1.3-5.7, p=0.01). For every increment of 20 meters in 6MWT, there is a decreased risk of 9% of being in pLOS group (C.I. 1.03-1.17, p=0.00). A cut-off of 431m can predict 70% of patients in pLOS group (AUC 0.71 C.I 0.63-0.78, p=0.00). Tumor site (rectal) and 6MWT were significant predictors of pLOS. Using the 6MWT as a screening tool for pLOS with cut-off of 431 m should be implemented in the preoperative surgical pathway.

One of the least explored areas in the field of military science pertains to preparations for resistance against occupation, known as Stay-Behind operations. This study examines the potential benefits that Stay-Behind operations could bring in the High North, which is identified as a weak area by NATO. Drawing on Colin Gray's theoretical framework on the strategic utility of special operations, the study analyzes the contributions of Stay-Behind activities. The study demonstrates the potential for achieving certain advantages in economy of force and the creation of operational flexibility through prearranged Stay-Behind operations during peacetime. Additionally, it highlights the challenge posed by the lack of an open academic discussion due to the subject's confidentiality, which could hinder the planning and implementation of Stay-Behind operations. Furthermore, the study identifies the need for clearer coordination and unified command in combat operations within occupied areas to counteract direct and/or indirect fragmentation of resources.